Event Handling Research Articles

Editorial

Dear Readers, Welcome to the ninth issue in 2021. I am very pleased to mention that the access statistics show a steady growth and also the interest in our journal is increasing. This success is only possible because of the great support from all of you. Thus, on behalf of the J.UCS team, I would like to thank all authors for their sound research contributions, the reviewers for their very helpful suggestions, and the consortium members for their financial support. Your commitment and dedicated work have contributed significantly to the overall success of J.UCS. In this regular issue, I am very pleased to present three accepted papers from five different countries and 10 involved authors. Armando Cruz, Hugo Paredes, Leonel Morgado and Paulo Martins from Portugal investigate in their work non-verbal aspects of collaboration in virtual worlds in the context of the presence dimension. In a collaborative research between Chile and Japan, Paul Leger, Hiroaki Fukuda and Ismael Figueroa present a JavaScript package that allows developers to write event handlers that need nested callbacks in a synchronous style, avoiding the so-called ‘callback hell’. In another collaboration between Indonesia and the UK, Riri Fitri Sari, Asri Samsiar Ilmananda, and Daniela M. Romano discuss their research on a social trust-based blockchain-enabled social media news verification system. Enjoy Reading!

Continuations and Aspects to Tame Callback Hell on the Web

JavaScript is one of the main programming languages to develop highly rich responsive and interactive Web applications. In these kinds of applications, the use of asynchronous operations that execute callbacks is crucial. However, the dependency among nested callbacks, known as callback hell, can make it difficult to understand and maintain them, which will eventually mix concerns. Unfortunately, current solutions for JavaScript do not fully address the aforementioned issue. This paper presents Sync/cc, a JavaScript package that works on modern browsers. This package is a proof-of-concept that uses continuations and aspects that allow developers to write event handlers that need nested callbacks in a synchronous style, preventing callback hell. Unlike current solutions, Sync/cc is modular, succinct, and customizable because it does not require ad-hoc and scattered constructs, code refactoring, or adding ad-hoc implementations such as state machines. In practice, our proposal uses a) continuations to only suspend the current handler execution until the asynchronous operation is resolved, and b) aspects to apply continuations in a non-intrusive way. We test Sync/cc with a management information system that administers courses at a university in Chile.

Hybrid Average-Value/Detailed Modeling of Line-Commutated AC–DC Converters With Internal Faults For Electromagnetic Transient Simulations

Recently, a hybrid average-value/detailed modeling technique has been presented for efficient electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation of power systems containing ac-dc line-commutated rectifiers (LCRs). In this letter, the hybrid modeling methodology is extended to consider asymmetrical operation of LCRs due to internal faults of switches. The hybrid model permits large time-steps as opposed to conventional switching models that require precise handling of switching events and respectively small time-steps. The extended hybrid model is also demonstrated to possess numerical advantages over the existing state-of-the-art average-value models (AVMs) of faulty LCRs while providing more accurate results.

Modeling global transfusion medicine education.

Modeling global transfusion medicine education.

Modular, compositional, and executable formal semantics for LLVM IR

This paper presents a novel formal semantics, mechanized in Coq, for a large, sequential subset of the LLVM IR. In contrast to previous approaches, which use relationally-specified operational semantics, this new semantics is based on monadic interpretation of interaction trees, a structure that provides a more compositional approach to defining language semantics while retaining the ability to extract an executable interpreter. Our semantics handles many of the LLVM IR's non-trivial language features and is constructed modularly in terms of event handlers, including those that deal with nondeterminism in the specification. We show how this semantics admits compositional reasoning principles derived from the interaction trees equational theory of weak bisimulation, which we extend here to better deal with nondeterminism, and we use them to prove that the extracted reference interpreter faithfully refines the semantic model. We validate the correctness of the semantics by evaluating it on unit tests and LLVM IR programs generated by HELIX.

A novel cluster based highway mobility model (CHMM) for low power vehicular networks

One of the most essential variables for building a routing protocol for vehicular communication in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). The study of these vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) necessitates efficient and accurate modelling tools, and the key element of the mobility model in the VANET is for influencing the route-finding process and altering failure. Because network communications might alter vehicle mobility and driver behavior, these tools should incorporate a vehicle mobility model. In this paper, designing a new realistic model of node motion based on vehicle movement on roads. It shows how a well-known vehicle mobility concept has been implemented. Various events are used to integrate vehicle mobilitywith network communication. User-created event handlers can send network messages or alter vehicle mobility when the model receives a network message or updates vehicle mobility. In order to aid in the creation of the simulations, implementing a straight highway mobility model which is called as Highway Mobility Model based on Cluster that manages vehicle mobility efficiently.

Bayesian Approaches for Handling Hypothetical Estimands in Longitudinal Clinical Trials With Gaussian Outcomes

The International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) recently published an E9(R1) addendum that requires the estimand associated with the study objective in clinical trials to be clearly defined. One of the challenges in defining an estimand is the estimand’s handling of intercurrent events (ICEs) that affect the collection or interpretation of the data for the study. Among the strategies for handling ICEs, sponsors may prefer to examine hypothetical strategies that assess the theoretical or attributable efficacy of test drugs or biologic products. We first look at several estimands under different hypothetical treatment conditions of interest. For these estimands, the data after ICEs are ignored and treated as missing. Analyses are carried out with missing data assumptions under missing at random, control-based imputation, and return-to-baseline imputation. With the explicit forms of these hypothetical estimands derived, we investigate Bayesian approaches to obtain corresponding point and interval estimates and propose a Bayesian sensitivity analysis which avoids the information positive problem. The methods are illustrated with applications to three clinical trials.

Object adaptation of Drag and Drop technology for web-system interface components

Today, in the development of information systems, cloud technologies are often used for remote computing and data processing. There are web technologies, and on their basis, libraries and frameworks have been developed for creating web applications and user interfaces designed for the operation of information systems in browsers. Ready-made JavaScript libraries have been developed to add drag and drop functionality to a web application. However, in some situations, the library may not be available, or there may be overhead or dependencies that the project does not need to use it. In such situations, an alternative solution provides the functionality of APIs available in modern browsers. The article discusses the current state of the methods of the Drag and Drop mechanism and proposes a programmatic way to improve the interface by creating a class for dragging and dropping elements when organizing work in multi-user information web systems. Drag and Drop is a convenient way to improve the interface. Grabbing an element with the mouse and moving it visually simplifies many operations: from copying and moving documents, as in file managers, to placing orders in online store services. The HTML drag and drop API uses the DOM event model to retrieve information about a dragged element and update that element after the drag. Using JavaScript event handlers, it is possible to turn any element of the web system into a drag-and-drop element or drop target. To solve this problem, a JavaScript object was developed with methods that allow you to create a copy of any object and handle all events of this object aimed at organizing the Drag and Drop mechanism. Basic algorithm of Drag and Drop technology based on processing mouse events. The software implementation is considered and the results of the practical use of object adaptation of the Drag and Drop technology for the interface components of the web system - the medical information system MedSystem, in which the application modules have the implementation of the dispatcher and the interactive window interface are presented. In the "Outpatient clinic" module, the Drag and Drop mechanism is used when working with the "Appointment sheet". In the "Hospital" module of the MedSystem medical information system, the Drag and Drop mechanism is used in the "List of doctor's appointments". The results of using object adaptation of Drag and Drop technology have shown that this mechanism organically fits into existing technologies for building web applications and has sufficient potential to facilitate and automate work in multi-user information systems and web services.

Evaluation of practical experiences of German speaking radiation oncologists in combining radiation therapy with checkpoint blockade

The results of this survey reveal current clinical practice in the handling of combined radioimmunotherapy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (RT + ICI). We aim to provide a basis to open a discussion for clinical application of RT + ICI by analyzation of experts’ assessment. We conducted a survey with 24 items with a focus on side effects of RT + ICI, common practice of scheduling and handling of adverse events. After pilot testing by radiation oncology experts the link to the online survey was sent to all members of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO). In total, 51 radiation oncologists completed the questionnaire. Pulmonary toxicity under RT + ICI with ICIs was reported most frequently. Consensus was observed for bone and soft tissue RT of the limbs in favor for no interruption of ICIs. For cranial RT half of the participants do not suspend ICIs during normofractionated radiotherapy (nfRT) or stereotactic hypofractionated RT (SRT). More participants pause ICIs for central than for peripheral thoracic region. Maintenance therapy with ICIs is mostly not interrupted prior to RT. For management of RT associated pneumonitis under durvalumab the majority of 86.3% suggest corticosteroid therapy and 76.5% would postpone the next cycle of ICI therapy. The here obtained assessment and experiences by radiation oncologists reveal a large variability in practical handling of combined RT + ICI. Until scientific evidence is available a discussion for current clinical application of RT + ICI should be triggered. Interdisciplinary consensus guidelines with practical recommendations are required.

Research on Key Technologies of Intelligent Operation and Maintenance of Communication Network

Based on the analysis of the challenges faced by the operation and maintenance of communication network, this paper studies the intelligent operation and maintenance architecture of communication network. Using the accumulated massive communication network operation and maintenance data, the research explores the high-speed calculation of intelligent algorithm, rapid splicing of demand components, multi-dimensional visual interaction and other technical methods to effectively deal with the problems such as the surge of business volume, the difficulty of event handling, and the lack of personnel training. Research on key Technologies can ensure the safe and stable operation of information and communication network.

Transformation of Higher Education Management Mode and Coping Strategies Based on Big Data

Using data technology to optimize and reform teaching field is a part of teaching. Some schools have optimized the education mode, but there are many problems due to the lack of experience in this field. Therefore, this paper puts forward the transformation management mode and coping strategies. The main significance of university education management and the main problems existing, investigated and analyzed, and specific and improvement measures can be put forward according to the current deficiencies. The accuracy of data analysis is improved by optimizing factor analysis algorithm and simplifying steps. Puts forward the coping strategies of College Students’ management in the era of big data, uses big data platform, formulates personalized student training plan, and attaches importance to the application of flexible management and other strategies. According to the survey results, since the adoption management mode, have greatly improved in the way of event handling and management information communication.

A survey on IoT platforms: Communication, security, and privacy perspectives

The Internet of Things (IoT) redefines the way how commodity and industrial tasks are performed every day. The integration of sensors, lightweight computation, and the proliferation of different wireless technologies on IoT platforms enable human beings to easily interact with their surrounding physical world thoroughly. With the recent rise of IoT, several different IoT platforms have been introduced for researchers and developers to ease the management and control of various IoT devices. In general, the IoT platforms act as a bridge between core IoT functionalities and users by providing APIs. Due to their wide variety of applications, IoT platforms are mostly unique in their architectures and designs. Thus, IoT administrators, developers, and researchers (i.e., IoT users) are challenged with substantial configuration differences in the proper configuration, implementation, and protection of the IoT solutions. In this survey, we conduct an in-depth analysis of popular IoT platforms from different application domains. More specifically, we define a comprehensive evaluation framework that considers seven different technical comparison criteria: (1) topology design, (2) programming languages, (3) third-party support, (4) extended protocol support, (5) event handling, (6) security, and (7) privacy. Then, we use the framework to evaluate the different IoT platforms highlighting their distinguishing attributes on communications, security, and privacy. First, we describe the communication protocols supported by the different IoT platforms surveyed. Then, rather than uncovering novel threats affecting IoT, we aim to analyze how the different IoT platforms handle security and privacy vulnerabilities affecting the most common security services of confidentiality, integrity, availability, and access control. Further, we present possible solutions that these platforms could implement to strengthen security and privacy within the IoT solution. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of every IoT platform, so IoT administrators, developers, and researchers (i.e., IoT users) can make an informed decision on the use of specific platforms to implement their IoT solutions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey to evaluate different IoT platforms using the criteria defined in this work.

Analysis and Implications of the Management of Near-Miss Events: A Game Theoretic Approach

Near-miss safety events—unplanned incidents that reveal the potential for future adverse events—have an important yet complex role in workplace safety: If reported and handled correctly, they can contribute to the improvement of safety procedures, yet if they are mishandled, the likelihood of subsequent adverse events might increase. This research formulates and analyses game theoretic models that can serve as an applicable tool for guiding managerial strategies with regard to the handling of near-miss events. In these models, the manager decides how much to invest in incentivizing employees to report near-miss events, with the aim of achieving various objectives (e.g., minimizing costs or maintaining/reducing the likelihood of future adverse events). These models incorporate realistic features of employee behaviour (e.g., inherent motivation to report or aversion to reporting) and address a large spectrum of situations encountered in practice. We develop a single-event model as well as a multi-event model; the latter is a repeated game that captures the common scenario in which adverse events are preceded by multiple precursors. Different strategies are considered using simulations of random events. We derive practical guidelines that can enable managers to decrease the likelihood of adverse events over time—though periodic fluctuations are inevitable.

Increased resilience for manufacturing systems in supply networks through data-based turbulence mitigation

In manufacturing systems, a state of high resilience is always desirable. However, internal and external complexity has great influence on these systems. An approach is to increase manufacturing robustness and responsiveness—and thus resilience—by manufacturing control. In order to execute an effective control method, it is necessary to provide sufficient information of high value in terms of data format, quality and time of availability. Nowadays, raw data is available in large quantities. An obstacle to manufacturing control is the short-term handling of events induced by customers and suppliers. These events cause different kinds of turbulence in manufacturing systems. If such turbulences could be evaluated in advance, based on data processing, they could serve as aggregated input data for a control system. This paper presents an approach how to combine turbulence evaluation and the derivation of measures into a learning system for turbulence mitigation. Integrated in manufacturing control, turbulence mitigation increases manufacturing resilience and strengthens the supply network’s resilience.

Nagios Core Optimization By Utilizing Telegram as Notification of Disturbance

Network Monitoring System (NMS) is a system that is highly demanded internet service provider industry in this fast-developing information technology era. The availability of NMS is the best option to restore the service level agreement as a means to compete with other internet service providers’ competitors. The occurrence of disturbance in the network is often unnoticed by the network administrator. This may lead to a crucial problem in decreasing network quality as the impact of time-consuming in solving the problem. Through the explanation, the writer tried to anticipate by classifying problems using Pareto and integrated Nagios with Telegram Messenger as a notification of disturbance. Nagios has many features such as reports, event handlers, monitoring resources (CPU load, memory usage, status up / down, uptime, data traffic, bandwidth), etc. One notable feature owned by Nagios is blast notification of disturbance. It is a feature that will function when one of the devices is in trouble. This feature will inform the network administrator or authorized person in certain divisions as regards the error network. In this case, the problematic device can be categorized according to the parameters made by the network administrator.

Precise tracking of cosmic muons using the Time-over-Threshold property of NINO ASICs

This work reports on a cost-effective, simple front-end readout and data-acquisition system for a muon scattering tomography system based on Resistive Plate Chambers. The Time-over-Threshold (TOT) property of NINO ASICs has been exploited to extract position information and achieve precise tracking capability. Initial test measurements with a prototype Resistive Plate Chamber were performed using a low-cost FPGA coupled to the NINO ASIC for the event selection and handling of the TOT data. The relation between input pulse width and TOT has been established by analyzing the waveforms of the RPC signals. The TOT profile at different working voltages has been obtained by the FPGA and it has been fitted with the Gaussian distribution whose standard deviation represents an estimate of the tracking precision.

Introducing robotics and block programming in elementary education

Este estudio demuestra la importancia de un diseño para la educación que incorpore la programación de visual por bloques y la robótica en educación primaria. Este estudio describe cómo la robótica se implementa de manera efectiva en las escuelas, basándose en conceptos computacionales y las actividades del aula. Describimos, aplicamos y presentamos varios recursos, los docentes que deseen comenzar a trabajar con la programación y la robótica en la educación deben considerar los recursos requeridos y cómo se pueden adaptar a los niveles y etapas de la educación de sus alumnos. Es fundamental conocer los recursos disponibles y adaptarlos a las necesidades de los discentes. El análisis involucra a 107 estudiantes de quinto curso de educación primaria en tres centros escolares, la muestra fue no probabilística e intencional. La primera dimensión es un diseño cuasi-experimental que obtiene datos de una prueba, la validez de constructo se probó mediante análisis factorial exploratorio. La segunda dimensión detalla los resultados para las cuatro escalas descritas anteriormente: aprendizaje activo, conceptos computacionales, utilidad percibida y disfrute, esta dimensión examina los resultados de la escala antes mencionada que analiza las interacciones pedagógicas. Se lograron mejoras estadísticamente significativas en la comprensión de conceptos computacionales básicos: secuencias, bucles, declaraciones condicionales, ejecución paralela, manejo de eventos y uso de robótica. También se observaron mejoras en la interacción didáctica, y en un mayor disfrute, entusiasmo, eficiencia y participación activa, mostrando los estudiantes una mayor motivación, compromiso e interés en el proceso.

Transparent many‐core partitioning for high‐performance big data I/O

SummaryAs the number of cores equipped in a single computing node is rapidly increasing, utilizing many cores for contemporary applications in an efficient manner is a challenging issue. We need to consider both parallelization and locality to fully exploit many cores for multifarious operations of emerging applications. In particular, big data applications perform computation and I/O intensive operations alternately. For instance, Apache Hadoop MapReduce assumes local persistent storage for each computing node. Thus, unlike traditional parallel programming models, the MapReduce framework performs not only networking but also storage I/O. In this study, we aim to improve the locality of network and storage I/O operations on many‐core systems by partitioning cores for I/O system calls and event handlers. In order to implement fine‐grained many‐core partitioning, we decouple the system call context from the user‐level process by suggesting message‐based system calls. The suggested design provides user‐level transparency and does not require any kernel‐level modifications. In addition, we propose a scheme that dynamically decides the core affinity of system calls and event handlers by considering locality, run‐time loads, and hardware architectures. The experimental results show that the proposed many‐core partitioning can improve the locality of network and storage I/O operations in an integrated manner for MapReduce applications.

Cooperative monitoring and dissemination of urban events supported by dynamic clustering of vehicles

Critical urban events take places at a random way and they need to be dealt with by public authorities quickly to maintain the proper operation of cities. The main challenges for an efficient handling fall in the random nature of the event, and in the speed and accuracy of its notification to the authority. The pervasiveness of vehicles in the cities, and their communication and monitoring capabilities, allow VANETs to support the dissemination and handling of such events. Thus, this work proposes MINUET, a dynamic system to support the monitoring and dissemination of urban events, which operates in a VANET. It uses a cooperative-based strategy where vehicles dynamically coordinate the monitoring and dissemination of events in real time by the means of clusters. A performance comparative analysis in NS3 with a target tracking approach shows the efficiency of MINUET regarding the real-time monitoring, the dissemination of urban event data and data availability at the destination in dense and sparse networks.

Estimand framework: Delineating what to be estimated with clinical questions of interest in clinical trials

ICH (International Council for Harmonization) E9 R1 (2019) proposes a framework to define estimands in clinical trials. Although the concept of estimand was proposed previously when US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued the panel report on handling missing data in clinical trials, many details including attributes and different strategies have not been developed until the recent ICH E9 (R1) addendum. A clearly defined estimand should include considerations of five attributes including patient population, treatment regimen of interest, endpoint/variables, handling of intercurrent events (IEs), and summary measures for assessing treatment effect. To evaluate the underlying treatment effects of a new investigational drug or biologic product, it is desirable to consider estimands that are aligned with the objectives of the study and that are meaningful to the stakeholders such as physicians or patients, health authority administration, and payers, etc.. In this paper, the concepts, attributes and strategies of the estimand framework will be reviewed and illustrated with clinical trial examples. Some common estimands and their associated scientific questions are discussed within a causal inference framework for longitudinal clinical trials.