Analysis Of Events Research Articles

Clinical Outcomes of Concomitant Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting During Ventricular Septal Myectomy.

The clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of patients who underwent concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting during septal myectomy have not been well studied. We reviewed patients who underwent both septal myectomy and coronary artery bypass grafting from 2009 to 2020. Causes of concomitant grafting and their impact on survival were analyzed. The median follow-up period was 5.1 years. A total of 320 patients underwent both grafting and myectomy. Of these, 69.7% and 28.1% underwent grafting attributed to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and myocardial bridging, respectively. Patients who underwent grafting for coronary artery disease tended to be older, had a longer bypass time, and required more grafts compared with patients undergoing procedures because of myocardial bridging (all P<0.05). Postoperatively, the left ventricular outflow gradient significantly decreased from 85.4 mm Hg to 12.8 mm Hg (P<0.001) without perioperative death. The cumulative survival rates were 96.2% and 97.6% at 5 years in the coronary artery disease and myocardial bridging groups, respectively, and they were comparable to that of general myectomy cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 1.06 [95% CI, 0.47-2.36], P=0.895 and HR 0.75 [95% CI, 0.23-2.46], P=0.636, respectively). Sudden death accounted for 45.5% (5 of 11) of postoperative mortality. Analysis of composite end point events showed decreased morbidity with at least one arterial graft in the overall cohort (HR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.23-0.94], P=0.034). Concomitant grafting in septal myectomy was found to be a safe procedure. Patients who underwent such surgery experienced favorable postoperative outcomes comparable to those who underwent septal myectomy alone, with a 5-year survival rate of >95% and improved functional class of >90%.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the BTB Gene Superfamily Provides Insight into Sex Determination and Early Gonadal Development of Alligator sinensis.

The BTB gene superfamily is widely distributed among higher eukaryotes and plays a significant role in numerous biological processes. However, there is limited knowledge about the structure and function of BTB genes in the critically endangered species Alligator sinensis, which is endemic to China. A total of 170 BTB genes were identified from the A. sinensis genome, classified into 13 families, and unevenly distributed across 16 chromosomes. Analysis of gene duplication events yielded eight pairs of tandem duplication genes and six pairs of segmental duplication genes. Phylogenetics shows that the AsBTB genes are evolutionarily conserved. The cis-regulatory elements in the AsBTB family promoter region reveal their involvement in multiple biological processes. Protein interaction network analysis indicates that the protein interactions of the AsBTB genes are centered around CLU-3, mainly participating in the regulation of biological processes through the ubiquitination pathway. The expression profile and protein interaction network analysis of AsBTB genes during sex differentiation and early gonadal development indicate that AsBTB genes are widely expressed in this process and involves numerous genes and pathways for regulation. This study provides a basis for further investigation of the role of the BTB gene in sex differentiation and gonadal development in A. sinensis.

Vertical Distribution of Water Vapor During Haze Processes in Northeast China Based on Raman Lidar Measurements

Haze refers to an atmospheric phenomenon with extremely low visibility, which has significant impacts on human health and safety. Water vapor alters the scattering properties of atmospheric particulate matter, thus affecting visibility. A comprehensive analysis of the role of water vapor in haze formation is of great scientific significance for forecasting severe pollution weather events. This study investigates the distribution characteristics and variations of water vapor during haze weather in Changchun City (44°N, 125.5°E) in autumn and winter seasons, aiming to reveal the relationship between haze and atmospheric water vapor content. Analysis of observational results for a period of two months (October to November 2023) from a three-wavelength Raman lidar deployed at the site reveals that atmospheric water vapor content is mainly concentrated below 5 km, accounting for 64% to 99% of the total water vapor below 10 km. Furthermore, water vapor content in air pollution exhibits distinct stratification characteristics with altitude, especially within the height range of 1–3 km, where significant water vapor variation layers exist, showing spatial consistency with inversion layers. Statistical analysis of haze events at the site indicates a high correlation between the concentration variations of PM2.5 and PM10 and the variations in average water vapor mixing ratio (WVMR). During haze episodes, the average WVMR within 3 km altitude is 3–4 times higher than that during clear weather. Analysis of spatiotemporal height maps of aerosols and water vapor during a typical haze event suggests that the relative stability of the atmospheric boundary layer may hinder the vertical transport and diffusion of aerosols. This, in turn, could lead to a sharp increase in aerosol extinction coefficients through hygroscopic growth, thereby possibly exacerbating haze processes. These observational findings indicate that water vapor might play a significant role in haze formation, emphasizing the potential importance of observing the vertical distribution of water vapor for better simulation and prediction of haze events.

Oropharyngeal Adverse Events to Drugs and Vaccines: Pharmacovigilance Data From Italy (2019-2021).

The aim of this study was to perform a descriptive analysis of oropharyngeal adverse events (AEs) related to drugs and/or vaccines in order to provide useful information for clinicians. Data related to three regions of Italy were analyzed from 2019 to 2021 by using the National Pharmacovigilance database. Among overall 67,384 cases, 2773 (4.1%) reported at least one oropharyngeal AE. Most cases referred to females (71.0%) and adults (70.8%). The majority of cases were reported as not serious (68.4%) and the outcome was mainly positive (73.5%). The cases related to drugs (52.2%) were slightly more than those related to vaccines (47.8%), the latter nearly completely represented by COVID-19 vaccines. Among 3324 oropharyngeal AEs, the most commonly reported were oropharyngeal conditions (65.9%). The most reported AEs related to vaccines were paresthesia oral and oropharyngeal pain, whereas the most reported AEs related to drugs were throat tightness and angioedema. A marked under-reporting of osteonecrosis of the jaw (2.9%) was observed, despite this risk was well documented in the same country. This analysis suggested an under-reporting of oropharyngeal AEs and the need to better train dentists, dental hygienists, and also general practitioners.

A real-world pharmacovigilance study using disproportionality analysis of United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System events for vinca alkaloids: comparing vinorelbine and Vincristine

ABSTRACT Background Vinca alkaloids are widely used in cancer treatment for their ability to target microtubule dynamics. While their efficacy in treating certain cancers is well-established, the full spectrum of their adverse event profiles remains an area of ongoing research. Methods We analyzed AEs related to vinorelbine and vincristine using a retrospective case/non-case approach with data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). We applied various algorithms to detect AE signals: the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio (PRR) measured disproportionality and association strength; the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) calculated the Information Component (IC) for associations against background rates; and the multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) yielded empirical Bayes geometric mean (EBGM) values, accounting for reporting variability. Results Both medications significantly involve the blood and lymphatic systems, with vinorelbine reporting 401 cases in this System Organ Class (SOC), exhibiting a ROR of 17.4, PRR of 12.4, IC of 3.63, and EBGM of 12.38. An intersection analysis of Preferred Terms (PTs) has uncovered previously unreported AEs shared by both drugs, including posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Conclusions This analysis highlights the need for ongoing research of the risks associated with vinorelbine and vincristine.

An efficient single-loop strategy for time-variant reliability sensitivity analysis based on Bayes’ theorem

Time-variant reliability sensitivity analysis aims to measure the effect of input variables on the time-variant failure probability, which can then be used to guide structural design and optimization. The traditional methods for calculating the sensitivity index require a nested sampling procedure and their computational complexity depends on the number of input variables, making them computationally the most expensive. To address the above limitations, an efficient single-loop strategy is developed for time-variant reliability sensitivity (TRS) analysis. Based on Bayes' theorem, the TRS index is represented by the difference between the probability density function (PDF) and failure-conditional PDF of the variable. This derivation enables TRS analysis to be implemented using only a single set of samples, with computational costs that don’t depend on the number of input variables. Then, the sensitivity index is normalized to identify influential variables effectively. Several case studies involving numerical and engineering problems are employed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The direct Monte Carlo simulation is introduced to assess the accuracy of the obtained results. The results indicate that the proposed strategy provides acceptable sensitivity analysis for time-variant events, while greatly conserving computational resources and enhancing efficiency.

Forecasting interval carbon price through a multi-scale interval-valued decomposition ensemble approach

This paper proposes a novel Multi-scale Interval-valued Decomposition Ensemble (MIDE) framework for forecasting European Union Allowance (EUA) carbon futures prices, which integrates Noise-assisted Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition (NAMEMD), Interval-valued Vector Auto-Regressive (IVAR) model, Interval Event Analysis (IEA) method, and Interval Multi-Layer Perceptron (IMLP). First, the original interval-valued carbon prices with other interval-valued control variables are decomposed and integrated into high, medium, and low-frequency components by NAMEMD. Second, IVAR is used to investigate the dynamics of the interval-valued vector system in low-frequency components, while IMLP is employed to characterize the high-frequency components. Besides, the interval event analysis investigates typical events that significantly impact carbon prices in the medium-frequency component. Furthermore, empirical findings indicate that our proposed MIDE learning approach significantly outperforms some other benchmark models in out-of-sample forecasting.

A Novel Distribution in the Family of Lifetime Distributions for Enhancing Predictive Modeling for Medical and Engineering Data

In nearly all scientific disciplines, the statistical inference about the population rely on handling the sampled data. In the time to event analysis, there are many lifetime distributions to model variation of the lifetime observations based on the shape of hazard rate of the data. In the literature, it has been observed that for non-monotonic hazard the existing distributions do not provide good fits. Practically it is not possible for a distribution to fit any kind of data. Therefore, in this study, a new lifetime distribution is suggested called Flexible Exponentiated Weibull distribution (FEW) to model monotonic and non-monotonic hazard rate data. Maximum likelihood estimation approach is used to estimate the model parameters. In addition to these some prominent statistical properties like, reliability function, moments, hazard function, order statistics, quantile function and entropy measure are obtained. Two real data sets were taken to compare the proposed distribution with existing distributions, and the results showed that the proposed distribution is more flexible than other existing lifetime distributions. Furthermore, simulation study is carried out to check the consistency of model parameters that showed that the parameters are consistent when the sample size increases. These results establish a foundational rationale for selecting the suggested distribution as a model for such a data type. It shows that this distribution is more flexible and suitable for the data studied, making a strong case for choosing it over other options. These findings not only boost trust in the chosen model but also help in deciding how to model similar data in the future.

Initial treatment efficacy and safety of durvalumab plus tremelimumab combination therapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in clinical practice.

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of durvalumab plus tremelimumab (Dur + Tre) combination therapy in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) in clinical practice. We retrospectively evaluated 37 patients with uHCC from our institutions between April 2023 and January 2024. Patients were divided into first- and later-line groups for analysis of antitumor efficacy, adverse events (AEs), and transition rate to second-line treatment according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). The disease control rate (DCR) for the first-line group was 80.9%, which was significantly higher than that for the later-line group (50%). The incidence of immune-related AEs (irAEs) was 24.3%, with grade 3 or higher irAEs including increased transaminase (8.1%), diarrhea (8.1%), and adrenal insufficiency (2.7%). The rates of drug withdrawal and discontinuation owing to AEs were 23.8% and 19%, respectively, in the first-line treatment and 31.2% and 12.5%, respectively, in the later-line treatment, with no significant difference. Analysis of changes in liver reserve using the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score showed no obvious loss of liver reserve for up to 12 weeks. The transition rate from first- to second-line therapy after progressive disease (PD) was as high as 94.7%. The efficacy and safety of Dur + Tre in clinical practice were comparable to those reported in a recent phase III trial. The first-line Dur + Tre therapy had a higher DCR than that of the later lines, and the transition rate to second-line therapy was considerably high, suggesting that Dur + Tre therapy would be more beneficial in first-line treatment.

Analysis of extreme weather events over Kolhapur district of Western Maharashtra using RClimDex model

Analysis of extreme weather events over Kolhapur district of Western Maharashtra using RClimDex model

Analysis of extreme weather events over Sangli district of Western Maharashtra using RClimDex model

Analysis of extreme weather events over Sangli district of Western Maharashtra using RClimDex model

S1508 Duodenal Stent Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Success and Adverse Events in Patients With Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstructions

S1508 Duodenal Stent Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Success and Adverse Events in Patients With Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstructions

Lower reporting of venous thromboembolisms events with natural estrogen-based combined oral contraceptives compared to ethinylestradiol-containing pills: A disproportionality analysis of the Eudravigilance database

ObjectivesPharmacovigilance data analysis can accelerate the identification of drug-related safety signals or reassure on the safety profile. This study evaluates the venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk of newer combined oral contraceptive (COC) formulations with natural estrogens, such as estradiol (E2) and estetrol (E4), using data from the EudraVigilance database. Study designWe conducted a disproportionality reporting rate analysis of VTE events associated with various COC formulations by extracting individual case reports from EudraVigilance database up to July 28, 2024. The study compared the proportionality reporting rate between natural estrogen-based COCs (E2 and E4) and conventional synthetic estrogen-based COCs (ethinylestradiol [EE]), with a comparison to EE-levonorgestrel. ResultsThe analysis revealed that COCs containing natural estrogens exhibited significantly lower proportionality reporting rates for thrombotic events compared to EE-based COCs. Specifically, E4-drospirenone (E4-DRSP) showed the lowest proportionality reporting rate (0.12), similar to progestin-only pills. EE-DRSP had the highest proportionality reporting rate (2.25), suggesting an increased thrombotic risk. ConclusionsThe study supports the safer thrombotic profile of natural estrogen-based COCs, particularly E2 and E4 formulations, over synthetic estrogen-based COCs containing EE. These findings support the hypothesis that E2- and E4-based pills are safer than EE-based pills, aligning with a shift toward safer contraceptive options in clinical practice. ImplicationsNatural estrogens such as E2 and E4 may emerge as safer alternatives to synthetic estrogens like EE, particularly when combined with progestins like DRSP. This multilevel evidence underscores the importance of evidence-based prescribing practices to enhance patient safety and minimize thrombotic risks associated with COC use.

Risk Assessment of Urban Infrastructure Vulnerability to Meteorological Disasters: A case study of Dongguan, China

Effective forecasting and response to meteorological hazards are crucial for safeguarding life, property, and supporting sustainable socioeconomic development. With the rising frequency and severity of meteorological hazards worldwide, this study proposes an enhanced risk assessment framework for urban infrastructure exposed to extreme weather events, with a focus on cascading impacts to critical services such as electricity, communication, and transportation networks (roads and subways). A disaster-loss model is developed to quantify infrastructure vulnerability at various spatial and temporal scales under heavy rainfall conditions, accounting for secondary effects. The model's performance is validated through empirical analysis of a 15-year rainfall event in Dongguan City, China, occurring from September 7-8, 2023. Results indicate the model's ability to predict real-event outcomes with approximately 70% accuracy. This model offers valuable insights for disaster prevention and mitigation strategies, aiding decision-makers in optimizing emergency resource allocation, enhancing disaster response efficiency, and issuing timely public risk warnings to minimize losses.

Analysis of extreme weather events over Satara district of western Maharashtra using RClimDex model

Analysis of extreme weather events over Satara district of western Maharashtra using RClimDex model

Comprehensive secondary analysis of thrombotic events in pediatric patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A prospective cohort study.

This study aims to describe laboratory and clinical factors associated with thrombotic events during prolonged pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. A secondary analysis of a multi-center prospective study performed between 2012 and 2014. Patients under the age of 19years that received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for at least 4days of therapy were included (n = 385). Univariable analysis and binomial regression were performed to evaluate predictive factors of single and multiple thrombotic events. A posteriori scoring tool was created to categorize thrombotic event severity. Over 39% of children receiving prolonged ECMO experienced a thrombotic event (TE). Binomial regression demonstrated an association between higher transfused platelet volume (mL/kg) (OR 1.04, CI: 95% 1.01-1.06, p = 0.003), Anti-Xa (OR 5.38, CI: 95% 1.22-23.8, p = 0.026) and aPTT (OR 1.01, CI: 95% 1.00-1.02, p = 0.032) the day prior to TE. Patients experiencing multiple TEs were associated with higher platelet transfusion volume (mL/kg) (OR 1.08, CI: 95% 1.05-1.12, p =< 0.001), antithrombin III (OR 1.03, CI: 95% 1.01-1.04, p = 0.001) and aPTT (OR 1.02, CI: 95% 1.01-1.03, p = 0.009). Patients experiencing multiple thrombotic events had a higher risk of 28-day mortality based on a cumulative clot severity score >4 (OR 2.37 (CI: 95% 1.32-4.24). Current lab tests show limited sensitivity to predict these events the day prior in a vulnerable patient group, leading to potential ECMO circuit failures. Patients with multiple thrombotic events during ECMO therapy face increased mortality risks, highlighting the need for dynamic reporting tools like clot severity scores and detailed documentation of interventions to enhance understanding and improve outcomes.

Analysis of extreme weather events over Pune district of western Maharashtra using RClimDex model

Analysis of extreme weather events over Pune district of western Maharashtra using RClimDex model

Analysis of cloud enhancement events in a 30-year record of global solar irradiance at Thessaloniki, Greece

In this study, we investigate the characteristics of global horizontal irradiance enhancement events induced by clouds over Thessaloniki for the period 1994–2023 using data recorded every one minute. We identified the cloud enhancement (CE) events by creating an appropriate cloud-free irradiance reference using a radiative transfer model and aerosol optical depth data from a collocated Cimel sun photometer and a Brewer spectrophotometer. We found a trend in CE events of +112±35cases/year, and a trend in the corresponding irradiation of +329.9±112.0kJ/year. To our knowledge, such long-term changes in CE events have not been presented in the past. The peak of the CE events was observed during May and June. CE events with duration longer than 10 min are very rare (<8%), with exceptions lasting over an hour and up to 140 min. Finally, we have detected enhancements above the total solar irradiance at the top of the atmosphere for the same solar zenith angle of up to 204W/m2, with the 75 % of the cases below 40W/m2. Most of these extreme events occur in spring – early summer, with a secondary peak in autumn.

Analysis of extreme weather events over Solapur district of Western Maharashtra using RClimDex model

Analysis of extreme weather events over Solapur district of Western Maharashtra using RClimDex model

Filamin B knockdown impairs differentiation and function in mouse pre-osteoblasts via aberrant transcription and alternative splicing

ObjectiveFilamin B (FLNB) encodes an actin-binding protein that is known to function as a novel RNA-binding protein involved in cell movement and signal transduction and plays a pivotal role in bone growth. This study aimed to investigate possible FLNB function in the skeletal system by characterizing the effecs of FLNB knockdown in mouse preosteoblast cells. MethodsStable FLNB MC3T3-E1 knockdown cells were constructed for RNA-seq and alternative splicing event (ASE) analysis of genes involved in osteoblast differentiation and function that may be regulated by FLNB. Standard transwell, MTT, ALP, qPCR, Western blot, and alizarin red staining assays were used to assess functional changes of FLNB-knockdown MC3T3-E1 cells. ResultsAnalysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in FLNB knockdown cells revealed enrichment for genes related to osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and migration, such as ITGA10, Cebpβ, Grem1, etc. Alternative splicing (AS) analysis showed changes in the predominant mRNA isoforms of skeletal development-related genes, especially Tpx2 and Evc. Functional asslysis indicated that proliferation, migration, and differentiation were all inhibited upon FLNB knockdown in MC3T3-E1 cells compared to that in vector control cells. ConclusionsFLNB participates in regulating the transcription and AS of genes required for osteoblast development and function, consequently affecting growth and development in MC3T3-E1 cells.