Evaporation Experiments Research Articles

Improving broadband absorption of carbon dot conjugated melanin via pre-doping strategy as interfacial photothermal evaporator

Photothermal seawater desalination harnesses solar energy to induce heat and expediates seawater evaporation and purification. The desalination efficacy heavily relies on the light absorption capability and microstructure of the solar evaporator. Polydopamine (PDA) represents a typical synthetic melanin with broad spectral absorption characteristics. However, its absorption capacity within the near-infrared (NIR) region is limited, leading to inadequate photothermal conversion efficiency. To overcome this challenge, we adopt a straightforward approach involving the pre-doping of N,S-doped carbon quantum dots (N,S-CQDs) with dopamine through covalent interaction to fabricate CQDs-loaded mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA-8). This strategy effectively reduces the band gap of PDA by fostering additional donor–acceptor pairs and π-stacking structures, thereby broadening the absorption capacity across the UV–Vis-NIR spectrum through nonradiative transitions. The MPDA-8 coated Balsa wood and cellulose evaporator achieved high evaporation rates of 1.82 kg m−2 h−1 and 2.10 kg m−2 h−1, respectively, overcoming the limit of 2D interfacial evaporator. The small pores and fiber channels within the wood, coupled with the hydrophilicity of MPDA-8, facilitates efficient water transportation and reduces evaporation enthalpy. Outdoor evaporation experiments conducted under sunlight corroborated the practical viability of this material. This study introduces a new perspective for advancing synthetic melanins in photothermal applications through the nanoparticle pre-doping strategy.

Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic carbon-doped nanofibrous mat for solar-driven desalination

Recently, solar-driven localized heating interfacial evaporation for desalination has attracted much attention to draw freshwater from sewage or seawater. However, salt scaling resulted from concentration polarization, as well as the subsequently deterioration of evaporation rate and energy efficiency, are the major obstacles for the application of solar desalination. In this work, carbon-doped nanofibrous mat with photothermal and superhydrophobic properties were facilely fabricated via incorporation of activated carbon (AC) nanoparticles and hydrophobic modification with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The obtained nanofibrous mat exhibited outstanding light absorption (> 93.0%), superhydrophobic characteristics (> 155°) and high porosity (> 82%). Solar-driven evaporation experiments demonstrated that evaporation rate of the nanofibrous mat reached up to 1.2kg·m-2·h-1 with energy efficiency of 82.1%. Moreover, crystal nucleation and growth on the superhydrophobic carbon-doped mat were dramatically suppressed, whose lifespan was prolonged from 4h to as long as 19h with near-saturated NaCl solution as the feedwater. Therefore, the fabricated superhydrophobic carbon-doped nanofibrous mat might find its applications in stable solar-driven evaporation for seawater desalination or wastewater reclamation.

Petroleum induces soil water repellency and impedes the infiltration and evaporation processes in sandy soil

Contamination with petroleum could alter the soil hydrological processes and degrade soil and vegetation. Reclamation of petroleum contaminated soil is limited by the absence of scientific data regarding contaminated soil hydrological properties. In this study, we determined the effects of petroleum contamination on the hydrological properties of sandy soil with different contamination levels (0 g kg−1, 5 g kg−1, 10 g kg−1, 20 g kg−1, and 40 g kg−1), through the Water Drop Penetration Time (WDPT) test, infiltration and evaporation experiment in soil columns. The results showed that petroleum contamination increased the water repellency of sandy soil (hydrophilic) to slightly hydrophobic (5 g kg−1), strongly hydrophobic (10 g kg−1), extremely hydrophobic (20 g kg−1, 40 g kg−1). With the increased water repellency, the average infiltration rate decreased from 5.65 mm min−1 to 2.88, 1.17, 0.24, 0.13 mm min−1, and the accumulated evaporation decreased from 59.62 mm to 55.26, 53.91, 45.03, 37.76 mm. Our study indicated that petroleum contamination reduced the soil infiltrability and evaporation in sandy soil, and the increased water repellency was the main reason for these changes. However, more researches were still deserved to explore the effects of hydrological properties on soil water, rainfall-runoff, and pollutant migration in petroleum contaminated soil, especially in the future of global warming and intensified hydrological cycles. Our findings provide the scientific data for understanding the hydrological properties to remove pollution and restore vegetation successfully in petroleum contaminated soil.

Quantification of evaporative loss of volatile metals from planetary cores and metal-rich planetesimals

The processes responsible for the isotopic compositions and abundances of volatile elements in the early solar system remain highly debated. Orders of magnitude variation of (highly) volatile elements exist between different magmatic iron meteorite groups, but it is unclear to what extent their depletions can be explained by evaporation from metal melts during parent body accretion and/or subsequent break up. To this end, we present 86 new evaporation experiments with the aim of constraining the volatility of most volatile metals from metallic melts. The results confirm the previously proposed important effects of S in metal melt on the volatility of the elements of interest governed by their S-loving or S-phobic behavior. Nominally S-loving elements In, Sn, Te, Pb and Bi are significantly more volatile in Fe melt relative to FeS liquid, whereas nominally S-avoiding elements Ga and Sb are more volatile in FeS liquid relative to Fe melt, at a given pressure and temperature. The newly derived volatility sequences for S-free/poor and S-rich metallic melts were also compared with commonly used volatility models based on condensation temperatures. The results indicate significant differences between the latter, including the much more volatile behavior of Te, relative to Se, in both explored bulk compositions, which are traditionally assumed to be equally volatile. The (minimum) degree of volatile element depletion due to evaporation was quantified using the new experimental results and models. A comparison between the volatile element depletions in magmatic iron meteorites and the predicted depletions appropriate for evaporation from Fe melts shows that the latter depletions can be easily reconciled with (an) evaporation event(s). Altogether, the new data and models will provide an important framework when more accurate and precise estimates of magmatic iron meteorite bulk volatile element contents are available.

Density, Viscosity, Refractive Index, and Surface Tension of Binary Mixtures of 3-oxa-1,5-Pentanediol with 2-Propanol, 1,2,3-Propanetriol, and 1-Decanol from 283.15 to 403.15 K as Reference Systems for Evaporation Experiments

Density, Viscosity, Refractive Index, and Surface Tension of Binary Mixtures of 3-oxa-1,5-Pentanediol with 2-Propanol, 1,2,3-Propanetriol, and 1-Decanol from 283.15 to 403.15 K as Reference Systems for Evaporation Experiments

Plant transpiration inspired biomass-derived solar evaporator for highly efficient solar vapor generation

The interface solar evaporation is an energy-saving and environmentally friendly method for seawater desalination and sewage purification. In this work, a biomimetic solar evaporator (ppy@AZL) inspired by plant transpiration was designed to achieve high efficient vapor generation. The ppy@AZL evaporator was made of zizania latifolia as raw material, has a cellulose skeleton with high water transport after alkalization and was decorated with photothermal polypyrrole to form bionic branches and leaves, and has excellent photothermal conversion performance. The evaporation performance and potential application of ppy@AZL evaporator in seawater desalination and sewage treatment were studied. The results indicated that the average evaporation rate of the ppy@AZL in simulated seawater (3.5 wt%) under the irradiation of one sun (1 kW m−2) was 2.239 kg m−2 h−1, and the photothermal conversion efficiency was 93.4 % in this work. In addition, the ppy@AZL evaporator has excellent evaporation rate of 2.668 kg m−2 h−1 in 9 h outdoor continuous evaporation experiment of simulated seawater (3.5 wt%), and can continuously and stably generate vapor. Therefore, this study provided a new solar evaporator with low-cost, simple preparation, better salt resistance, and high evaporation performance for seawater desalination and sewage treatment.

Experimental and numerical studies of the fuel concentration distribution within the near-wall area in a compact space for a gas turbine combustor

Interstage combustion is known for its small axial distance, high combustion efficiency and low lean blowout boundary. However, in a compact space, the distance between the fuel injection location and the wall is confined, and the high-temperature wall may affect the fuel distribution and in turn affect the combustion efficiency. In this study, an experiment of kerosene single-droplet evaporation was conducted, and the fuel distribution in an interstage combustor was numerically simulated. The experimental results showed that the evaporation rate of fuel droplets decreased with increasing distance from the high-temperature wall, and the influence of the lower wall on fuel evaporation was greater than that of the sidewall. The fuel evaporation rate at the high-temperature position within the nonuniform wall temperature field was relatively high. The numerical simulation results indicated that with increasing temperature, the effect of the wall on fuel evaporation increased, as did the uniformity of the fuel distribution. The direction of the temperature gradient imposed the greatest effect on the fuel distribution under nonuniform temperature conditions. This will facilitate the selection of the optimal ignition location within the cavity to achieve efficient combustion. Moreover, it's possible to control the fuel distribution by adjusting the wall temperature.

Integrating Molecular Motions in Ternary Cocrystals for NIR‐II Photothermal Conversion

Organic photothermal conversion materials hold immense promise for various applications owing to their structural flexibility. Recent research has focused on enhancing near‐infrared (NIR) absorption and mitigating radiative transition processes. In this study, we have developed a viable approach to the design of photothermal conversion materials through the construction of ternary organic cocrystals, by introducing a third component as a molecular blocker and motion unit into a binary donor–acceptor system. Superstructural and photophysical properties of the ternary cocrystals were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. The role of the molecular blocker in radical stabilization and photothermal conversion were demonstrated. Intriguingly, the motions of the entire pyrene molecules in the cocrystal have been observed by variable temperature single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction results. The excellent performance of ternary cocrystal as a photothermal material was validated through efficient NIR‐II photothermal and solar‐driven water evaporation experiments. The efficiency of water evaporation reached 88.7 %, with a corresponding evaporation rate of 1.29 kg m−2 h−1, representing excellent performance among pure organic small molecular photothermal conversion materials. Our research underscores the introduction of molecular blockers and motion units to stabilize radicals and produce outstanding photothermal conversion materials, offering new pathways for developing efficient and stable photothermal conversion materials.

A low-cost salt-tolerant solar evaporator prepared from graphite in spent LIBs for high efficiency seawater desalination

Interfacial photothermal evaporation technology has been greatly promoted due to the increasing demand for sustainable energy around the world. but the development of low cost and durable efficient evaporators remained challenging. In this paper, a polyurethane sponge-loaded chitosan/reconstructed graphite-based evaporator (PCRE) was successfully designed by freeze-drying technique using recycled graphite from spent lithium batteries. The PCRE demonstrated strong hydrophilic properties and exhibited a light absorption rate of 96.06 %. Under the irradiation of 1 light intensity, the photothermal conversion efficiency of PCRE can reach 91.9 %, and the evaporation rate reaches 3.85 kg m-2h−1. Thanks to the large number of hydrophilic groups in PCRE and its excellent pore structure, the enthalpy of evaporation of water inside PCRE (1.2970 kJ g−1) is much lower than that of pure water (2.4417 kJ g−1). Moreover, PCRE can effectively avoid the problem of salt deposition, and its evaporation rate can still be maintained at 3.0 kg m-2h−1 in the treatment of high-concentration brine (25 wt.%), and in long-term evaporation experiments, PCRE has demonstrated highly efficient and stable desalination performance and removal capability for real seawater and organic wastewater. Based on the excellent evaporation performance, simple preparation and low cost of this evaporator, this study provides a new idea for waste recycling in the application of interfacial photothermal evaporation.

Integrating Molecular Motions in Ternary Cocrystals for NIR-II Photothermal Conversion.

Organic photothermal conversion materials hold immense promise for various applications owing to their structural flexibility. Recent research has focused on enhancing near-infrared (NIR) absorption and mitigating radiative transition processes. In this study, we have developed a viable approach to the design of photothermal conversion materials through the construction of ternary organic cocrystals, by introducing a third component as a molecular blocker and motion unit into a binary donor-acceptor system. Superstructural and photophysical properties of the ternary cocrystals were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. The role of the molecular blocker in radical stabilization and photothermal conversion was demonstrated. Intriguingly, the motions of the entire pyrene molecules in the cocrystal have been observed by the results of variable temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The excellent performance of the ternary cocrystal as a photothermal material was validated through efficient NIR-II photothermal and solar-driven water evaporation experiments. The efficiency of water evaporation reached 88.7 %, with a corresponding evaporation rate of 1.29 kg m-2 h-1, representing excellent performance among pure organic small molecular photothermal conversion materials. Our research underscores the introduction of molecular blockers and motion units to stabilize radicals and produce outstanding photothermal conversion materials, offering new pathways for developing efficient and stable photothermal conversion materials.

Wood aerogel based on PDA-modified rGO mimicking mussel mucin for efficient interfacial evaporation

Solar-driven interface evaporation technology with high thermal localization characteristics has been widely applied in seawater desalination. This paper reports on a highly efficient solar interface evaporator developed by spraying polydopamine (PDA)-modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO) onto the surface of wood aerogel (WA). Dopamine (DA) self-polymerizes in an alkaline medium to form PDA, which acts as a reducing agent and adhesive. Together with rGO as the photothermal layer, PDA and rGO combine through complex cross-linking adhesion to create a three-dimensional evaporation device with vertical channels. Additionally, based on the design of the interface “light trap” structure, the light capture mechanism of the pores was analyzed by simulating the path of incident light. Evaporation experiments were conducted to explore the impact of pore structures on evaporation performance. Under optimal structural parameters (D2H5), the evaporation rate and efficiency reached 1.9325 kg m−2 h−1 and 98 %, respectively. This work demonstrates that PDA-modified rGO wood aerogel (PGW) exhibits excellent evaporation performance and high scalability, which can help alleviate the global shortage of clean water resources.

Evaluating evaporites as potential archives of lake and seawater lithium isotopic ratios: An experimental study using various natural saline fluids

Reconstructing the lithium isotope composition (δ7Li) of ancient seawater and lacustrine environment is crucial for tracing silicate weathering processes that regulate Earth's carbon cycle and climate. This study examines the reliability of evaporite minerals in preserving the Li isotope signature of the original brines from which they precipitate. We conducted evaporation experiments on modern natural waters from Qinghai Lake, the Yellow Sea, and Chaka Salt Lake, each with unique salinity and chemical composition, to examine the behavior of lithium isotope ratios in the evolving brine and precipitated evaporite minerals.Our results show that initial hydrochemical conditions of the lake and ocean are the primary control on the evolution of major and trace elements and the mineral precipitation sequences during evaporative concentration. Aragonite, calcite, gypsum, and/or nesquehonite precipitated prior to halite. Li isotope fractionation of these non-halite precipitates varied significantly between 4‰ and 17‰. However, the δ7Li values of halite closely mirror those of the initial lake and seawater, indicating negligible Li isotope fractionation (<1‰) during halite precipitation. The δ7Li values of the evolving brines remain unchanged throughout the evaporation experiment. Solid phases precipitating before halite constitute <1–2% of the total moles of salt precipitated from the complete evaporation of the initial waters, thus, having little to no influence on the δ7Li values of evolving brines. Although halite comprises >77% of the total moles of salt, it does not fractionate Li isotopes. Therefore, halite more accurately reflects the δ7Li values of the co-evolving brine as well as those of the initial, unevaporated lake and seawater. These results underscore the potential of late stage evaporites, particularly halite, to serve as high-fidelity archives of ancient lacustrine and seawater δ7Li values. Such records are instrumental in reconstructing past silicate weathering and climatic conditions.

Measurements of Soil Water Potential and Conductivity based on a Simple Evaporation Experiment using a Hydraulic Property Analyzer.

The measurement of soil hydraulic properties is critical in understanding the physical components of soil health as well as integrated knowledge of soil systems under various management practices. Collecting reliable data is imperative for informing decisions that affect agriculture and the environment. The simple evaporation experiment described here uses instrumentation in a laboratory setting to analyze soil samples collected in the field. The soil water tension of the sample is measured by the instrument, and tension data is modeled by software to return soil hydraulic properties. This method can be utilized to measure soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity and give insight into differences in treatments or environmental dynamics over time. Initial establishment requires a user, but data acquisition is automated with the instrument. Soil hydraulic properties are not easily measured with traditional experiments, and this protocol offers a simple and optimal alternative. Interpretation of results and options for extending the data range are discussed.

Multiphysics Simulation of Battery Electrode Drying

Scaling Li-ion battery production to meet the demands of increasingly electrified grids and transportation systems will require higher throughput at all levels of the battery cell production process. One of the more energy intensive battery manufacturing steps is the necessary drying of solvents which persist in the electrodes after the initial slurry coating of their current collectors. It is critical to both optimize this drying process to minimize the time and resources required, as well as to understand the effect that the drying has on the electrode microstructure. As it is both expensive and time-intensive to iteratively test different temperatures on multiple initial electrode microstructures, it is necessary to have reliable, high-fidelity simulations which can model the evaporation process. Furthermore, it is easier to control microstructural features such as porosity, and particle size in a simulated environment, Indeed, by simulating evaporation, the design-of-experiments space can be minimized, and process conditions can be established to accelerate the production of high quality, lower cost electrodes. To that end, we develop a multiphysics model of solvent evaporation using Sandia’s in-house finite element software. By coupling the solvent equations of motion to species conservation equations for the carbon binder material and energy flux driven by evaporative cooling, we demonstrate good agreement between simulation and simple evaporation experiments. This model tackles several difficult aspects of evaporation, namely the evolution of free surfaces and gas-liquid phase-changes. We additionally extend our model to account for mesoscale features (i.e. particle size, porosity, binder distribution) and determine how different temperature profiles and microstructures affect the heating requirements for the electrode. These extensions present a key advantage over conventional 1D models, as these features can have a significant effect on the evaporation process and the final distribution of conductive additive and binder. We leverage this advantage to examine how several design parameters such as porosity, particle size distribution, and heating rate affect the resulting electrode structure and binder distribution. These results demonstrate a pathway to optimizing the electrode drying process and promise to inform the development of improved multiphysics models in the future.SNL is managed and operated by NTESS under DOE NNSA contract DE-NA0003525.

Evaporation characteristics of single free-falling liquefied natural gas droplet under different ambient conditions based on the VOF method

The evaporation characteristics of droplets is a fundamental issue for accurate depictions of moving liquefied natural gas (LNG) droplets and constantly changing ambient environment owing to intense heat, mass transfer, and momentum exchanges. In this study, a modified droplet evaporation model is developed to investigate the evaporation behavior of a single free-falling LNG droplet under various ambient conditions. The proposed model captures the droplet interface and calculates the mass transfer rate through the vapor concentration gradient using the volume of fluid method integrated with a smooth function. Evaporation experiments were conducted on a single free-falling LNG droplet to capture the evaporation process. The results indicate that it is acceptable to ignore the effect of the Stefan flow of a single free-falling LNG droplet. This study also examined the impact of different ambient conditions on evaporation characteristics. The results indicate that the evolution of the droplet diameter is mainly influenced by the ambient temperature because it affects the thermal properties of the surrounding gas and the distribution of the boundary layer. The temporal characteristics of the Nu and Sh numbers generally stabilize after a period of rapid decline. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the evaporation mechanisms of LNG droplets.

Solar evaporation of liquid marbles with Fe3O4/CNT hybrid nanostructures

HypothesisThrough the rational design of nanomaterial composites, broadband light harvesting and good thermal insulation can be achieved simultaneously to improve the efficiency of water evaporation. ExperimentSolar evaporation experiments were carried out on liquid marbles (LMs) coated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and hybrid nanomaterials (Fe3O4/CNTs) with different mass ratios of 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2. FindingThe results showed that the mixture of Fe3O4/CNTs enhances the light harvesting ability and solar interfacial evaporation performance. Fe3O4/CNT-LM at the mass ratio of 2:1 case provides the highest evaporation rate of 11.03 μg/s, which is about 1.22 and 1.34 times higher than that of Fe3O4 and CNT, respectively. This high performance is mainly due to the synergistic effect between Fe3O4 nanoparticles and CNTs, as the hybrid nanostructure significantly improves the both photothermal conversion and heat localization capability. Numerical simulation further supports that the composite can concentrate the electromagnetic field and heat at the phase-change interface. This leads to a rapid evaporation of the boundary region. This study provides a novel approach to a three-dimensional interface by assembling nanomaterials on the drop surface to enhance evaporation, which may have far-reaching implications for seawater desalination.

Experimental determination of Si, Mg, and Ca isotope fractionation during enstatite melt evaporation

Abstract Evaporation of silicate materials from Earth or its precursors may be important in shaping their primordial compositions represented by undifferentiated meteorites, e.g., enstatite chondrites; however, the conditions under which evaporation occurs and the extent of evaporation-induced elemental and isotope fractionation remain uncertain. Here, we experimentally determine the volatility and isotope fractionation of Si, Mg, Ca, Nb, and Ta during enstatite melt evaporation at 2423–2623 K using a high-temperature conical nozzle levitator. Homogenous glasses are recovered after experiments; then we use EPMA and LA-ICP-MS to measure the elemental compositions, MC-ICP-MS to measure the Si and Mg isotopes, and TIMS to measure the Ca isotopes. Our results show that the evaporation rates of Si are larger than Mg, and the mean vapor/melt isotope fractionation factors (α = Rvapor/Rmelt; R = isotope ratio) are 0.99585 ± 0.00002 for 29Si/28Si and 0.98942 ± 0.00130 for 25Mg/24Mg. However, neither evaporative loss of Ca, Nb, and Ta nor Ca isotope fractionation was observed within analytical uncertainty. In conjunction with previous studies, we find that in an evaporation experiment the saturation degree (partial vapor pressure/equilibrium vapor pressure) of Si (SSi) is larger than SMg when Si is more volatile than Mg, and vice versa. If the Mg/Ca and Si/Ca ratios and isotopes in the bulk silicate Earth are attributed to the evaporation of enstatite chondrite-like precursors, evaporation temperatures &amp;gt;5000 K and SSi &amp;lt; SMg are required.

Laser-induced carbonization strategy for designing efficient dual-layer solar wastewater evaporator

Solar water evaporation technology is of great significance in alleviating the problem of clean water shortage. However, interface evaporation materials are crucial for solar evaporator and are hindered by high costs, complex processes, and environmental issues. In this work, a simple, fast, and environmentally friendly laser-induced carbonization strategy was used to convert commercial polypropylene into porous carbon materials in a one-step process, and assembled with natural bamboo to form an efficient dual-layer evaporator. The residual carbon nanotubes catalyst in the carbonized products further enhance its evaporation performance. The water evaporation rate of the evaporator under one sun is 1.93 kg·m−2·h−1. In addition, the evaporator has an evaporation rate of 1.62 to 1.85 kg·m−2·h−1 for wastewater containing methylene blue, carmine, CuCl2 and FeCl3. This strategy not only overcomes the limitations of traditional polymer carbonization methods but also allows for size adjustment based on the quantity of bamboo, and has been successfully applied to wastewater evaporation experiments under cold outdoor weather conditions. The proposed strategy not only elucidates the carbonization mechanism of polymers under laser irradiation, but also provides a new approach for the field of solar water evaporation.

Tree-inspired coir fiber-based array evaporator with rapid water transportation and effective solar water evaporation

Coconut husk as a raw material for the production of solar water evaporators has received considerable attention due to its abundance and availability. However, common treatment methods such as carbonization applied to capacitate the coconut husks for photothermal conversion were not favor for realizing rapid evaporation, as they failed to exploit the original structure of coconut husks. Herein, coir fibers extracted from the coconut husks were directly supplied to the production of functionalized evaporators with carbon nanoparticle coating, which preserved the pristine structure of coir fibers and allowed them to rapidly transport water in multiple directions like trees. These fibers were further assembled into array evaporators to maximize their exposed surface area for efficient evaporation. As a result, the carbon-coated coir fiber array evaporator prepared in the present work showed the highest evaporation rate of 4.19 kg m-2h−1 during solar water evaporation experiments under 1.0 sun illumination. Our work presents an approach for achieving effective solar water evaporation based on carbon-coated coir fiber array evaporator with large exposed surface area and tree-inspired multidirectional fast water transportation.

Solar‐Driven Lithium Extraction by a Floating Felt

AbstractOceans/brine offers a massive supply of lithium sources that can support the renewable energy storage system. However, the current lithium extraction processes from seawater are complicated for scalable production. Here, a high‐performance solar‐driven, direct lithium‐extraction felt (DEF) is developed. DEF consists of a reasonable addition of Li1.6Mn1.6O4 particles on polypropylene/polyethylene core‐sheath fibers, which are dark‐colored and can float on top of bodies of water. Compared with the conventional method, DEF shows improved Li‐ion adsorption rate and capacity by solar‐driven. Meanwhile, the fibers’ hydrophilicity promotes spontaneous upward transport of water/ions, avoiding concentration polarization. Even for the test using simulated seawater (≈100 kg) with low Li‐ion concentration outdoors, DEF demonstrates high efficiency under natural sunlight. DEF shows good salt‐rejection performance in outdoor real‐time evaporation experiments to ensure working stability. In addition, this method saves the steps of liquid storage, liquid transportation, and pump drive. This work provides an easy, highly efficient, and low‐cost strategy to extract lithium directly from seawater/brine with the assistance of solar energy.