Evaluative Judgments Research Articles

Reasoning and reversibility in capacity law

A key objective of the law in the assessment of decision-making capacity in clinical settings is to allow clinicians and judges to avoid making value judgements about the reasons that...

Why are emotions epistemically indispensable?

ABSTRACT Contemporary philosophers are attracted by the Indispensability Claim, according to which emotions are indispensable in acquiring knowledge of some important values. The truth of this claim is often thought to depend on that of Emotional Dogmatism, the view that emotions justify evaluative judgements because they (seem to) make us aware of the relevant values. The aim of this paper is to show that the Indispensability Claim does not stand or fall with Emotional Dogmatism and that there is actually an attractive alternative way of developing it. We first argue that the Indispensability Claim requires a deflationary account of the cognitive bases of emotions, which we call the Simple View and defend against a variety of criticisms. Armed with the Simple View, we show that the Indispensability Claim is made true by three roles of the emotions: they help us access the relevant evidence, provide a needed hook-up between evidence and judgement, and contribute to evaluative understanding.

Research on the evaluation model of Ideological and political education of the spirit of the Communist Party of China based on Data Mining

The spirit of the Communist Party of China is formed in the practice of long-term revolutionary struggle. Carrying out the spiritual ideological and political education of the party is the spiritual pillar of building a socialist civilized society. The evaluation of Ideological and political education is the standard to measure the teaching effect of Ideological and political education. This paper studies the evaluation model of spiritual ideological and political education of the Communist Party of China based on data mining. Select the evaluation index of Ideological and political education and divide the index level. Based on data mining, the evaluation judgment matrix of Ideological and political education is constructed to determine the weight of evaluation index coefficient. Establish the evaluation model of Ideological and political education of the spirit of the Communist Party of China, and set the quality evaluation standard according to the closeness. Through the example application analysis, the evaluation model of Ideological and political education of the Communist Party of China based on data mining proposed in this paper has a good evaluation effect in the practical evaluation application.

Research on the evaluation model of Ideological and political education of the spirit of the Communist Party of China based on Data Mining

The spirit of the Communist Party of China is formed in the practice of long-term revolutionary struggle. Carrying out the spiritual ideological and political education of the party is the spiritual pillar of building a socialist civilized society. The evaluation of Ideological and political education is the standard to measure the teaching effect of Ideological and political education. This paper studies the evaluation model of spiritual ideological and political education of the Communist Party of China based on data mining. Select the evaluation index of Ideological and political education and divide the index level. Based on data mining, the evaluation judgment matrix of Ideological and political education is constructed to determine the weight of evaluation index coefficient. Establish the evaluation model of Ideological and political education of the spirit of the Communist Party of China, and set the quality evaluation standard according to the closeness. Through the example application analysis, the evaluation model of Ideological and political education of the Communist Party of China based on data mining proposed in this paper has a good evaluation effect in the practical evaluation application.

On the issue of selecting the projects for sustainable development of enterprise taking into account interests of stakeholders and the way to solve it

Methods. The study of the problem of selecting projects for sustainable development of an enterprise, taking into account the interests of stakeholders, is based on the theoretical and methodological concepts of sustainable development, stakeholders, project management, rational and irrational behaviour of economic subjects. General scientific methods of research that were used are the method of analysis and synthesis – in the study of corporate sustainable development in the aspect of project management; general and specific – when justifying the specifics of taking into account the interests of stakeholders during the selection of sustainable development projects for an enterprise; cluster analysis – when substantiating the group interest of the company’s stakeholders; discrete analysis – when proving the discreteness property of such indicators as benefits and contributions to projects of corporate sustainable development. Results. The article researches the methodological problem of ensuring the sustainable development of enterprises in the context of the need to achieve global goals of sustainable development for the socio-economic and ecological post-war development of Ukraine and the consolidation of society around the implementation of sustainable development projects. The debatable nature of some aspects of modern mechanisms for ensuring the sustainable development of enterprises is shown. The attitude of scientists to the participation of stakeholders in ensuring the sustainable development of enterprises is analysed. It is substantiated that the sustainable development of enterprises is possible if the interests of stakeholders are taken into account. The problem of choosing projects for the sustainable development of enterprises if the interests of stakeholders are taken into account is described. It is proposed to solve the problem of choosing projects of sustainable development of an enterprise by the method of fuzzy sets, which will allow taking into account the subjective evaluation judgments of stakeholders regarding the amounts of benefits and contributions to projects of corporate sustainable development. Novelty. Based on the generalization of theoretical provisions, the problem is outlined and directions for improving the sustainable development of the enterprise are proposed based on taking into account the interests of stakeholders during the selection of sustainable development projects in order to achieve the global goals of sustainable development at the state level. Practical value. The outlined problem of choosing projects of corporate sustainable development with taking into account the interests of stakeholders and the proposed ways of its solving will allow managers to form more consciously effective management mechanisms for decision-making with the involvement of stakeholders and will condition the achievement of global goals of sustainable development at the state level.

Defensive emotions and evaluative judgements: Sensitivity to anger and fear predicts moral judgements, whereas sensitivity to disgust predicts aesthetic judgements.

Aesthetic and moral evaluations engage appetitive and defensive emotions. While the role played by pleasure in positive aesthetic and moral judgements has been extensively researched, little is known about how defensive emotions influence negative aesthetic and moral judgements. Specifically, it is unknown which defensive emotions such judgements tap into, and whether both kinds of judgement share a common emotional root. Here, we investigated how participants' individual sensitivity to disgust, fear, anger and sadness predicted subjective judgements of aesthetic and moral stimuli. Bayesian modelling revealed that participants who were more sensitive to anger and fear found conventional and moral transgressions more wrong. In contrast, participants who were more sensitive to disgust disliked asymmetrical geometric patterns and untidy rooms more. These findings suggest that aesthetic and moral evaluations engage multiple defensive emotions, not just disgust, and that they may rely on different defensive emotions as part of their computational mechanism.

Internal and External Paternalism

AbstractI introduce a new distinction between two types of paternalism, which I call ‘internal’ and ‘external’ paternalism. The distinction pertains to the question of whether the paternalized subject’s current evaluative judgments are mistaken relative to a standard of correctness that is internal to her evaluative point of view—which includes her ‘true’ or ‘ideal’ self—as opposed to one that is wholly external. I argue that this distinction has important implications for (a) the distinction between weak and strong paternalism; (b) the distinction between soft and hard paternalism; and (c) medical practice, where internal paternalism can, and probably often does, occur.

Emotion–Behavior–Reflection Theory

In this manuscript, we propose a theory that builds on previous appraisal theories (e.g., Cognitive-Motivational-Relational Theory, Affective Events Theory) by incorporating self-reflective emotions. In our theory, a meaningful interaction with a coworker elicits a primary emotion that leads to emotion-driven behaviors, employees reflect on both the emotion that was experienced and the behaviors enacted. Reflecting on the behaviors enacted elicits self-conscious emotions. Reflecting on the emotion that was experienced elicits meta-emotions (i.e., emotions about one’s own emotions). These self-reflective emotions provide information that employees can use to strategically guide behaviors, and to regulate emotions, during future interactions with the coworker. We further theorize that it is these self-reflective emotions that are aggregated to form evaluative judgements (i.e., perceptions of relationship quality). This occurs through a dynamic process that transpires over the course of the coworker relationship.

Pathways for assessing interdisciplinarity: A systematic review

AbstractIn many sectors and in many respects, interdisciplinarity has made progress in recent decades, but less so when it comes to evaluating interdisciplinary work. Challenges remain, especially regarding what counts as ‘good’ interdisciplinarity. While previous reviews describe broad trends contributing to these challenges, high-level observations are less suited to: (1) pinpointing underlying sources of persistent evaluative issues, (2) capturing less frequent counterexamples and emerging trends, and (3) providing practical guidance for moving the field forward. This article presents a novel approach for excavating and analyzing assessment designs within and across a wide range of published studies. It is the first study to structure its review of interdisciplinary evaluation around the basics of evaluation theory, creating a simplified model of assessment design choices called an assessment pathway. It further stands alone as an extensive systematic review of the interdisciplinary literature uniquely placed within the context of evaluation, encompassing 20 years, 142 studies, 1,006 assessment pathways, and 19,114 data points. Results show that while interdisciplinary assessments to date excel at variation, only 12% of identified pathways contain the minimum elements required to reach an evaluative judgment. Increased attention to evaluation theory can catalyze progress and provide structure and shared language to a highly varied domain. Readers can visually explore the full dataset online and download it from Harvard’s Dataverse.

Anthropo­centrism as a methodological principle of higher education: theoretical and practical aspects

The essence of anthropocentrism as a key methodological principle of modern higher education, based on the elevation to the status of the goal and center of human educational activity, human development. Student­centeredness is considered as one of the main components of educational anthropocentrism. We analyzed the scientific views and demonstrated the results of our own research on the peculiarities of building equal partnerships and mutual evaluative judgments in the systemic relationships “teacher — student”, “student — student”, “teacher — teacher” to ensure the integrity of the pedagogical process, balance and responsibility of educational participants. activities, improving its quality.
 Emphasis was placed on the advantages of the latest pedagogical technologies: peer teaching, which has significant didactic potential in the system of student­student interaction, is useful for student — “student” and for student — “teacher” as well; peer coaching technique, which is aimed at partnership “teacher — teacher”.
 Conclusions are made on the growing role of anthropocentric approach as a worldview basis for developing a new strategy of higher education in Ukraine, its strategy of humanization, balancing the importance of all major actors involved in the educational process, ensuring the integrity of teaching, strengthening interpersonal communication, achieving balance and responsibility. quality of higher education. In the process of democratization of higher education in Ukraine, the anthropocentric approach is of paramount importance, the practical implementation of which will contribute to the strengthening of academic traditions and effective implementation of innovations, the establishment of partnerships between all participants in educational activities: students, teachers, HEI employees, employers and others, built on the principles of mutual understanding, mutual enrichment and development.

Документи компартійних організацій Київської області у контексті вивчення кризи монопартійності та становлення політичного плюралізму в Україні (1988–1991 рр.)

On the base of the documents of the State Archives of Kyiv Region an attempt was made to highlight the internal and external signs of the collapse of the dominant role of the CPSU / CPU in society, the emergence of political pluralism in the country and the beginning of a multiparty system in 1988-1991. Thus, the purpose of the article is to use archival and documentary content, fi rst of all, documents of party organizations of Kyiv region, which are the main source of information in this publication, when considering signs of crisis of mono-party and development of pluralistic tendencies in Ukrainian society 1988 – mid 1991. The research methodology is based on the general scientifi c principles of historicism, objectivity and reliance on historical sources. The research methodology is based on the general scientifi c principles of historicism, objectivity and reliance on historical sources. The author’s use of methods of historical analysis, synthesis, comparison and statistical generalization provides an opportunity to consider the crisis of the socio-political processes of Soviet society in their dynamics and show the causal determinism of political pluralism against the background of the collapse of the Communist Party of Ukraine, and the method of visualization of statistical information helps to illustrate the qualitative and quantitative indicators of this process. The novelty of this publication is the introduction into scientifi c circulation of a large an array of previously unpublished documents of communist organizations of Kyiv region, diff ering in content, form and level of generalization of information (the protocols of meetings of bureaus, plenums and conferences of regional, district, city and primary party organizations, opinion polls, correspondence of citizens with party organizations, etc.). The above material allows us to conclude that if we neglect the obligatory ideological component and evaluative judgments, carefully fi ltering the facts, we can confi dently call the documents of party organizations used in the article a full and self-suffi cient source for studying the collapse of the totalitarian Soviet political model of the Soviet state, diversifi cation of public opinion and the development of political and ideological pluralism in Ukraine in 1988–1991.

Consensus marking as a grading method for the development of evaluative judgement: Comparing assessor and students

AimThis study explored postgraduate nursing students’ perceptions, anxiety and satisfaction of an innovative and novel grading method for online vivas, consensus marking, compared with traditional assessor judgement. BackgroundReflection, self-evaluation and feedback conversations have the potential to develop nursing students’ evaluative judgement. Consensus marking is a novel method of grading students’ performance that supports students to reflect, self-evaluate and grade their own work. Active engagement in a feedback dialogue supports students to calibrate their self-evaluation to the required standard in a grade negotiation. Through this approach, students are supported to develop evaluative judgement and lifelong learning skills. DesignA convergent mixed-methods parallel research design was used. MethodsStudents enrolled in a postgraduate emergency nursing unit of study completed two online viva assessments. One viva was graded using traditional assessor judgement and the other used consensus marking, involving a two-way feedback dialogue, where students had an opportunity to actively engage in grading their own work with the assessor. Student perceptions of each grading method were explored through semi-structured interviews. Interview data were analysed thematically using a six-stage approach. Student anxiety and satisfaction were measured pre- and post each viva using valid and reliable questionnaires. Non-parametric analyses explored differences in anxiety and satisfaction between the two grading methods. Alpha was set at 0.05. ResultsForty-six participants had complete data for anxiety and satisfaction across both test occasions (82%) and were included in the analysis. Of these, 13 students participated in follow up interviews. Students perceived that the ability to self-evaluate performance and discuss their grade with the assessor using consensus marking was less hierarchical and similar to a collegial debrief. Student anxiety was significantly lower prior to consensus marking compared with the assessor judged viva (p < 0.001). Students were significantly more satisfied with consensus marking compared with assessor judgement (p < 0.01). ConclusionsConsensus marking created an opportunity for students to identify knowledge deficits through reflection and self-evaluation of their own performance prior to external judgement. Students were more satisfied and less anxious with the consensus marking grading method compared with traditional assessor judgement. These findings have implications for the development and application of new grading methods in nursing education to facilitate the development of evaluative judgement.

Data Asset Disclosure and Nonprofessional Investor Judgment: Evidence from Questionnaire Experiments

The development of computer technology, such as data mining, has made data a productive resource. However, there are currently no relevant codes or guidelines in countries around the world that stipulate or recommend whether information on corporate data assets needs to be disclosed. This article organized a questionnaire experiment through an Internet questionnaire platform. This article finds that the disclosure of corporate data assets can significantly improve the evaluation judgment of nonprofessional investors on corporate nonfinancial performance and investment value, which is mediated by the product development ability and user stickiness of the company, by controlling the experimental variable of whether corporate data assets are disclosed or not. Therefore, this article suggests that enterprises should further improve the level of information disclosure and increase the disclosure of information related to data assets to show their investment value. It is also necessary for regulators to consider increasing the mandatory disclosure of data assets when adjusting policies and regulations in the future to reduce the level of information asymmetry in the capital market and protect the interests of nonprofessional investors.

Taking the Big Leap: A Case Study on Implementing Programmatic Assessment in an Undergraduate Medical Program

The concept of programmatic assessment (PA) is well described in the literature; however, studies on implementing and operationalizing this systemic assessment approach are lacking. The present case study developed a local instantiation of PA, referred to as Assessment System Fribourg (ASF), which was inspired by an existing program. ASF was utilized for a new competency-based undergraduate Master of Medicine program at the State University of Fribourg. ASF relies on the interplay of four key principles and nine main program elements based on concepts of PA, formative assessment, and evaluative judgment. We started our journey in 2019 with the first cohort of 40 students who graduated in 2022. This paper describes our journey implementing ASF, including the enabling factors and hindrances that we encountered, and reflects on our experience and the path that is still in front of us. This case illustrates one possibility for implementing PA.

Tradition as a resource: Robust and radical interpretations of operatic tradition in the Italian opera industry, 1989–2011

AbstractResearch SummaryA major challenge that organizations face in cultural industries in dealing with cherished traditions is how to best mediate between adherence to tradition and pursuit of innovation, how to accommodate renewal without stifling tradition. We address this conundrum by integrating ideas from consumer‐oriented psychological research on evaluative judgments and design‐oriented innovation research. We show that firms can improve customers' perceptions of value by offering robust interpretations of traditional products that preserve the most familiar aspects of a tradition while departing from it on more peripheral features; however, when the interpretation is more radical—that is, it alters core elements of the tradition—customers are more likely to experience incongruity with their schemas, resulting in a negative perception of value. We also postulate that different audience segments will respond differently to the (re)interpreted tradition because individuals vary in the use of generic schemas depending on their level of expertise, and different schemas may accommodate smaller or greater changes in a configuration of attributes. We develop and test these hypotheses in the context of the Italian opera industry over the period 1989 to 2011. The results offer insights into how firms can maintain a sense of continuity with a revered tradition while ensuring its renewal over time.Managerial SummaryReinterpreting revered traditions is a way to exploit timeless resources encased in history by recasting them in new ways. This article reveals how firms can balance tradition and innovation through the design choices they make, thus expanding the range of strategic tools that can be leveraged to influence customers' perceptions of value. In doing so, it helps managers address the need for renewal, while at the same time remaining sensitive to the heterogeneity of different customer segments, by manipulating the core and/or peripheral features of a product (here the opera). Although firms in cultural industries often face the challenge of resolving the tension between the preservation of tradition and risky innovation, many other firms across different industries also confront the issue of developing new products while building intimate links with their traditions.

Conceptualising evaluative judgement in the context of holistic competency development: results of a Delphi study

Learning to make informed evaluative judgement of holistic competencies prepares students for well-rounded development on a lifelong and self-directed basis. However, a review of the literature reveals that empirical studies framed under evaluative judgement have not yet explicitly acknowledged the judgement of these competencies. If we are to further promote evaluative judgement as a systematic line of research worthy of independent attention, there is a need to better theorise what evaluative judgement means when it comes to judging holistic competencies. In consideration of the above, this article presents an expanded framework of evaluative judgement in the context of holistic competency development. Based on three rounds of Delphi inquiries with 14 international experts, the framework conceptualises evaluative judgement as a multi-faceted construct comprising knowledge, attitude, capability, action and identity-related dimensions. The article concludes with both theoretical and practical implications for developing students’ evaluative judgement of holistic competencies.

Identifying Linked and Convergent Argument Structures

To analyze the argument structure, the linked vs convergent distinction is crucial. In applying this distinction, argumentation scholars test for variations of argument strength under premise revision. A relevance-based test assesses whether an argument’s premises are individually relevant to its conclusion, while a support-based test assesses whether premises support the conclusion independently. Both criteria presuppose that evaluating an argument’s strength is methodologically prior to identifying its structure. Yet, if ‘argument structure’ is a concept of analysis, then a structural analysis would precede evaluating an argument’s strength. We problematize that state-of-the-art methods to identify structures fail, because they rely on evaluative judgments, and so “put the cart before the horse.”

Desire versus judgment subjectivism about welfare: A reassessment

ABSTRACT Subjectivism about welfare is the claim that something contributes to a person’s welfare if and only if that person has in proper conditions a certain pro attitude toward that thing. Dale Dorsey argues that the pro attitude in question is a judgment that the thing is good for one, a welfare judgment, as opposed to a desire for that thing. Eden Lin and Anthony Kelley provide counterexamples in which subjects allegedly have positive welfare without positive welfare judgments. I argue that such judgments are among the several components of prototypical desires. Given this analysis of the concept of a desire as a cluster concept that includes implicit evaluative judgments, we can reinterpret the authors’ sample cases. In some cases we find conflicts in values that include all the usual components. In atypical cases in which judgments oppose other components of desires, or are absent, the components that determine true prudential values are those that belong or connect to the most central rational desires. These desires can be equated with personal values that, when known to be satisfied, determine positive welfare.

Actor value formation in Airbnb: insight from multi-source data

PurposeThis study aims to present a novel examination of actor value formation (AVF) in the sharing economy by uncovering its key dimensions (i.e. information seeking, personal interaction and feedback) at each stage of Airbnb consumption. Using multi-source data, how the key dimensions of AVF affect consumers’ evaluative judgment capturing the key aspects of consumption experiences (i.e. communication quality, value for money and overall evaluations) was empirically tested.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a triangulated, multi-study approach to test and validate the hypotheses. In Study 1, the authors analyzed 586,778 online reviews through deductive and inductive approaches to determine how three AVF dimensions could be captured and examine these dimensions’ effects on consumers’ evaluative judgments. In Study 2, an online survey was adopted to improve the reliability and validity of findings.FindingsThis study identified positive and negative outcomes of AVF. The results also revealed which AVF dimensions significantly led to communication quality and value for money, which in turn influenced consumers’ overall evaluations. The findings further provided robust support for the mediating role of value for money as a mechanism in the relationships between AVF and overall evaluations across the two studies.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by empirically identifying the three key dimensions of AVF in each consumption stage and subsequently testing a conceptual model using different data, research methods and analytical techniques to cross-validate the results. The authors also extended the scope of AVF by integrating both positive and negative aspects in the context of Airbnb.

Emotional Gaslighting and Affective Empathy

ABSTRACT Gaslighting is a form of manipulation that undermines a target’s confidence in their own cognitive faculties. Different forms of gaslighting can be distinguished according to whether they undermine a target’s confidence in their emotional reactions, perceptions, memory, or reasoning abilities. I focus on ‘emotional gaslighting’, which undermines a target’s confidence in their emotional reactions and corresponding evaluative judgments. While emotional gaslighting rarely occurs in isolation, it is often an important part of an overall gaslighting strategy. This is because emotions can help us to understand the evaluative aspects of our situation and thus put us in a position to protest wrongs, which is a context in which gaslighting frequently occurs. I argue that affective empathy constitutes an important antidote to emotional gaslighting. Affective empathy can lead to endorsement of a target’s emotional reaction as appropriate to their situation and agreement with the corresponding evaluative judgment. When it leads to endorsement, affective empathy can counteract the effects of emotional gaslighting because it reassures a target in their ability to make evaluative judgments based on their emotional reactions. Because of its opposing effects, affective empathy with the victim thus constitutes an important intervention to emotional gaslighting on the part of third parties.