Website Evaluation Research Articles

Web accessibility evaluation of private and government websites for people with disabilities through fuzzy classifier in the USA

Web accessibility evaluation of private and government websites for people with disabilities through fuzzy classifier in the USA

Evaluation of Canadian urology residency and fellowship program websites.

There is growing use of online resources in the postgraduate medical education application process to provide applicants program-specific details, thus allowing for informed decision-making. Given the variability and non-standardized electronic training descriptions and objectives, our goal was to assess the availability of program information through program websites for both residency and fellowship urology programs across Canada. Using the Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) and the Canadian Urological Association (CUA) websites, we compiled a list of all Canadian urology residency and fellowship programs. We reviewed all programs' website using a 40-item tool based on seven subcategories, including education, application process, faculty information, trainee/fellow information, research and extra-curricular activities, wellness, and both benefits and career planning. Each website was reviewed by two trained reviewers. Any inter-reviewer discrepancy was resolved by a third-party reviewer. Among 13 Canadian urology residency programs, all had program websites and met 48% of the criteria evaluated. None of the residency program websites reported information on work hours, surgical caseload statistics, or equity diversity and inclusion/community initiatives. Among 37 Canadian urology fellowship programs, 10 programs did not have websites, and the remaining 27 program websites met 28% of the criteria evaluated. Scores were highest for the application process subcategory, while scores were lowest for the wellness and benefits/career planning subcategories among both residency and fellowship programs. With growing reliance and dependence on web resources to access residency and fellowship program information, there is a clear need to standardize and improve Canadian training websites for prospective applicants.

A criterial model for assessing the quality of the digital educational environment using cloud services

Globalization of all spheres of activity of educational systems determines the need to create simple and accessible tools for monitoring and evaluating the quality of objects and resources. In particular, due to the need to intensify the processes of digital transformation of education, it is important to assess the quality of digital educational environments (DEE). The aim of the work is to substantiate the approach and describe the procedure for monitoring of DEE of educational institutions based on the available cloud services, providing convenient collection, accumulation, and processing of statistical and monitoring indicators.The projective criterial model of the system of assessment and monitoring of the quality of DEE, which is based on the results of self-assessment of the educational organization and external expert evaluation, was adopted. The main feature of the model is the participation of organizations and external experts in the process of designing criterion rubrics, conducting and analyzing the results of monitoring. Yandex Forms service is used for self-assessment of DEE and expert evaluation of the educational organization website which allows converting of the collected data into spreadsheets. By combining the data and their statistical processing it is possible to obtain indicators for different slices and ratings, to conduct a summary clustering of the DEE of the studied organizations by three levels: low, average, and high.The proposed model was implemented in the assessment of DEE practices of supplementary education for children. To determine the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the DLE and the official sites of additional education organizations we created questionnaires in Yandex Forms filled in by the representatives of the studied organizations. Pilot testing showed that the collection, processing, and delivery of monitoring data to users was technologically simple and easy.The projective criterial model for assessing the quality of the DEE of supplementary education organizations can be used for many other studies related to criterion-based assessment activities.

Quality analysis of publicly available information about hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Publicly available health information is increasingly important for patients and their families. While the average US citizen reads at an 8th-grade level, electronic educational materials for patients and families are often advanced. We assessed the quality and readability of publicly available resources regarding hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). We queried four search engines for "hypoplastic left heart syndrome", "HLHS", and "hypoplastic left ventricle". The top 30 websites from searches on Google, Yahoo!, Bing, and Dogpile were combined into a single list. Duplicates, commercial websites, physician-oriented resources, disability websites, and broken links were removed. Websites were graded for accountability, content, interactivity, and structure using a two-reviewer system. Nonparametric analysis of variance was performed. Fifty-two websites were analysed. Inter-rater agreement was high (Kappa = 0.874). Website types included 35 hospital/healthcare organisation (67.3%), 12 open access (23.1%), 4 governmental agency (7.7%), and 1 professional medical society (1.9%). Median total score was 19 of 39 (interquartile range = 15.8-25.3): accountability 5.5 of 17 (interquartile range = 2.0-9.3), content 8 of 12 (interquartile range = 6.4-10.0), interactivity 2 of 6 (interquartile range = 2.0-3.0), and structure 3 of 4 (interquartile range = 2.8-4.0). Accountability was low with 32.7% (n = 17) of sites disclosing authorship and 26.9% (n = 14) citing sources. Forty-two percent (n = 22) of websites were available in Spanish. Total score varied by website type (p = 0.03), with open access sites scoring highest (median = 26.5; interquartile range = 20.5-28.6) and hospital/healthcare organisation websites scoring lowest (median = 17.5; interquartile range = 13.5-21.5). Score differences were driven by differences in accountability (p = 0.001) - content scores were similar between groups (p = 0.25). Overall readability was low, with median Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level of 11th grade (interquartile range = 10th-12th grade). Our evaluation of popular websites about HLHS identifies multiple opportunities for improvement, including increasing accountability by disclosing authorship and citing sources, enhancing readability by providing material that is understandable to readers with the full spectrum of educational background, and providing information in languages besides English, all of which would enhance health equity.

Assessment of internet-based information on statin therapy.

The use of statin therapy is deemed to be controversial by mainstream media. Patients increasingly source medical information from the internet, and the use of statins is no exception. This study aims to determine the quality and educational content of statin-focused information on the internet and YouTube. 'Statin' was searched on Google, Yahoo!, Bing, and YouTube. The first 50 results obtained from each search engine and the first 20 YouTube videos were screened by two assessors. Websites were assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) score, University of Michigan Consumer Health Website Evaluation Checklist, and a customized scoring system evaluating statin-focused content for quality. Videos were scored using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, Global Quality Score (GQS), and the customized scoring system. Websites scored a median FRE score of 57.5 [interquartile range (IQR) 52.1-62.3], median Michigan score of 36 (IQR 32-41.5), and median content score of 5 (IQR 3.75-7). Good interobserver agreement was demonstrated [Michigan score interobserver coefficient correlation (ICC) = 0.968; content score ICC = 0.944]. Videos scored a median JAMA score of 2, median GQS score of 2.5, and median content score of 2.5. Good interobserver agreement was demonstrated (JAMA ICC = 0.746; GQS ICC = 0.874; content score ICC = 0.946). Quality and readability of statin-focused online information are poor. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the limitations of the current available sources and design online resources that are accurate and patient-friendly.

A Lightweight Multi-View Learning Approach for Phishing Attack Detection Using Transformer with Mixture of Experts

Phishing poses a significant threat to the financial and privacy security of internet users and often serves as the starting point for cyberattacks. Many machine-learning-based methods for detecting phishing websites rely on URL analysis, offering simplicity and efficiency. However, these approaches are not always effective due to the following reasons: (1) highly concealed phishing websites may employ tactics such as masquerading URL addresses to deceive machine learning models, and (2) phishing attackers frequently change their phishing website URLs to evade detection. In this study, we propose a robust, multi-view Transformer model with an expert-mixture mechanism for accurate phishing website detection utilizing website URLs, attributes, content, and behavioral information. Specifically, we first adapted a pretrained language model for URL representation learning by applying adversarial post-training learning in order to extract semantic information from URLs. Next, we captured the attribute, content, and behavioral features of the websites and encoded them as vectors, which, alongside the URL embeddings, constitute the website’s multi-view information. Subsequently, we introduced a mixture-of-experts mechanism into the Transformer network to learn knowledge from different views and adaptively fuse information from various views. The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in evaluations of real phishing websites, demonstrating greater performance with less label dependency. Furthermore, we show the superior robustness and enhanced adaptability of the proposed method to unseen samples and data drift in more challenging experimental settings.

The Evaluation of User Experience UPI Digital Business Website with Usability Testing Method and System Usability Scale

The Evaluation of User Experience UPI Digital Business Website with Usability Testing Method and System Usability Scale

Evaluating Economy Hotel Website Service Quality: A Hybrid Bounded Rationality Behavioral Decision Support Model

Hotel website service quality evaluation has gained extensive attention. However, previous studies have given little concern about human hesitance and uncertainty in judgments. Moreover, they do not consider hotel managers and customers’ psychological behaviors simultaneously. This study explores criteria for evaluating hotel performance and proposes a hybrid evaluation model for the hesitation and uncertainty in the service quality evaluation of economy hotel websites, and applied to the actual economy hotel websites. The model introduces the probabilistic linguistic term sets to describe customers and managers’ qualitative assessments and use analytical network process to prioritize hotel website features. Then, it develops an integrated TODIM-PROMETHEE II method to rank alternatives considering both hotel managers and customers’ psychological factors. Furthermore, we illustrate the effectiveness of the hybrid evaluation model through a case of economy hotel websites in China. Service competence and customer relationship are the two most important performance features for economy hotel websites. Finally, conclusions and implications are drawn from the results of case study.

Third-Party Tracking in Online Public Library Environments in the United States and Canada: A Statistical Analysis

A Review of:Gardner, G. J. (2021). Aiding and abetting: Third-party tracking and (in)secure connections in public libraries. The Serials Librarian, 81(1), 69–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/0361526X.2021.1943105 Objective – To determine through statistical data collection the frequency of tracking by third parties in online public library environments along with the visibility and ease of discovery of online library policies and disclosures related to third-party tracking in particular and data privacy in general. Design – Online evaluation of public library websites. Setting – English-language public libraries in the United States and Canada. Subjects – 178 public library websites (133 in the United States and 45 in Canada). The libraries included in the study were intentionally selected for their membership in either the Canadian Urban Libraries Council (CULC) or the Urban Libraries Council (ULC) in the Unites States, since these libraries have some of the largest systems membership serving predominantly urban and suburban communities in both countries. The included Canadian libraries serve nearly 41% of the population in that country while the included libraries in the United States are positioned to serve 28% percent of the total population. The author notes that “These percentage figures serve as hypothetical, upper-bound estimates of the population affected by third-party tracking since not every member of these communities actually uses their local public library” (Gardner, 2021, p.72). Methods – In addition to evaluating the public library catalog and website in general with regards to third-party tracking and data privacy, 10 common content sources (databases) available at all of the included libraries were also included in the examination. Two browser add-ons designed to detect third-party tracking, Ghostery and Disconnect, were used in the study due to their popularity and incorporation into previous similar studies. In addition to third-party tracking the author executed word searches on library homepages using Ctrl-F for words commonly used to denote privacy or terms of use statements. No qualitative analysis was performed to determine if information shared regarding third-party tracking was accurate, and subpages were not examined. The data collection period lasted a total of three months beginning in March 2017 and running through May 2017. Main Results – The data gathered between March and May of 2017 clearly indicates a general disregard among most sampled public libraries regarding the protection of patron data gathered by third-party tracking. Of Canadian libraries included in the sample 89% (40) enabled third-party tracking, while libraries in the United States allowed it at a rate of 87% (116). Both Ghostery and Disconnect revealed an almost identical number of incidences of third-party tracking in library catalogs and in the 10 popular public library databases examined in the study. Certain OPACS were associated with higher tracking counts as were certain library databases. Libraries were found to be lax when it came to providing a link on the homepage potentially informing users of the presence of third-party tracking. Of the 156 total libraries with third-party tracking in their online catalogs, 69 (44%) included a homepage link while the rest did not. The author notes that the presence of a link was all that was examined, and not specific language used to disclose the level of third-party tracking or data privacy. In total, 8 of the 10 common content sources allowed third-party tracking. All 10 provided a link to either privacy or terms of service statements on their landing pages. Conclusion – Although patron privacy is an issue addressed in the American Library Association (ALA) Code of Ethics (American Library Association, 2021), the author concludes that “Together with previous research on usage of privacy-enhancing tools in public libraries, these results suggest that public libraries are accessories to third-party tracking on a large scale” (Gardner, 2021, p.69).

The impact of quality of C2C online store on consumer satisfaction: an empirical study in Lithuania

Abstract Thanks to constantly improving software packages, apps, and technologies themselves, creating and improving websites has become much easier. Excess or lack of information, inappropriate layout of website management, inefficiency of additional functions, excess of visual material - these are the problems faced by website users. These problems are usually not of a technological nature, so the change in technology will not determine what the user wants and what problems he faces. However, studies have ignored the fact that the type of business can affect decision outcomes (i.e., website evaluation) may also influence the perceived satisfaction and trust. This article examines consumer satisfaction and trust with services provided by the C2C websites. This study first proposes an analytical model that contains website quality indicators of consumer satisfaction and trust. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are generated on the basis of the findings and analysis. The results showed a positive effect of website quality on consumer trust and satisfaction, which was partially mediated through consumer trust. Moreover, consumer trust had a positive association with all website quality indicators and satisfaction. The C2C website business should understand the consumer’s website quality expectations with respect to online shopping, to attract new consumers and to retain their existing consumers.

Gynecologic Oncology fellowship recruitment in the virtual era: An evaluation of program websites and survey of applicant preferences

ObjectiveVirtual Gynecologic Oncology fellowship recruitment has altered how candidates and programs exchange information. This study analyzes programs’ web-based content and the priorities of fellowship candidates. MethodsWeb-based materials of Gynecologic Oncology fellowship programs participating in the 2022 match were reviewed. An anonymous survey was emailed to applicants. Questions assessed importance of web-based materials on a Likert scale. Respondents were asked to rank factors from most to least important in their decisions to interview and rank programs. ResultsOf the 66 programs participating in the 2022 Gynecologic Oncology fellowship match, 62 (93.9%) had accessible websites. Over one-fourth (25.8%) of program websites did not list application requirements. Most (74.2%) websites contained requests for letters of recommendation, but fewer (48.4%) specified the preferred quantity or authorship. Residency in-service exam score requirement information was present on 61.3% of websites. Of 100 applicants invited to participate, 44 returned surveys (44% response rate). The median number of programs applied to was 60 (IQR 51–65). Web-based materials most important to candidates were application requirements and deadlines, letter of recommendation details, and in-service exam requirements. Interaction with faculty and program information received during interview days were among the most important factors in decisions to rank programs. ConclusionsGynecologic Oncology fellowship applicants surveyed in this study applied to nearly all participating fellowships. The content of web-based materials varies across program websites, particularly for application requirements, which applicants indicated as the most important electronically available material. Programs should have clear application requirements and provide clinical details on their websites.

A Novel Approach to Web-based Review Analysis using Opinion Mining

The propose an advanced Website Evaluation system that rates the website based on the opinion of the user. Website will be evaluated based on factors such genuineness of the website, timely delivery of the product after online transaction and support provided by the website. User will comment about the website, based on the comment system will rate the website. The system takes opinion of various users, based on the opinion; system will decide whether the website is genuine or not. The system uses opinion mining methodology in order to achieve desired functionality. We use a database of sentiment based keywords along with positivity or negativity weight in database and then based on these sentiment keywords mined in user comment is ranked. The system contains keywords related to fraud, genuineness, timely delivery of the product and service meters in the database. Based on these factors system will rate the website.

The quality and content of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy information available to patients: An evaluation of North American hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy websites

BackgroundPatients commonly use the internet to obtain medical information. Patients in our outpatient setting frequently have incomplete or even incorrect information about hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy that they have found on the internet. We aimed to assess the quality and content of Web-based information on hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy using validated and novel scoring systems. MethodsThe keywords “HIPEC” and “hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy” were entered into the most commonly used internet search engines (Google, Bing, and Yahoo). The first 10 websites from each search were analyzed. Website quality was assessed using the validated Journal of the American Medical Association benchmark criteria and DISCERN scoring systems. We created a novel hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy–specific score with surgeon experts in the field. ResultsEighteen unique websites were identified. The majority (78%) were from academic institutions. The mean total DISCERN score for all websites was 41.8 ± 8.4 (maximum possible points = 75). The mean Journal of the American Medical Association and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy–specific scores were 1.72 ± 1.13 (maximum possible score = 4) and 11.5 ± 4.5 (maximum possible score = 31), respectively. The lowest Journal of the American Medical Association scores were in the category of authorship. In total, 78% of websites omitted author details; 83% and 78% included the temperature and duration of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, respectively. Only 39% of websites mentioned complications of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. ConclusionWeb-based information on hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is of variable content and quality. None of the websites achieved maximum scores using any of the scoring tools. Less than half of the websites provided any information on possible complications of the procedure. These findings should be highlighted to patients using the internet to obtain information about hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

The Quality, Readability, and Accuracy of the Information on Google About Cannabis and Driving: Quantitative Content Analysis

Background The public perception of driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) is not consistent with current evidence. The internet is an influential source of information available for people to find information about cannabis. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the quality, readability, and accuracy of the information about DUIC found on the internet using the Google Canada search engine. Methods A quantitative content analysis of the top Google search web pages was conducted to analyze the information available to the public about DUIC. Google searches were performed using keywords, and the first 20 pages were selected. Web pages or web-based resources were eligible if they had text on cannabis and driving in English. We assessed (1) the quality of information using the Quality Evaluation Scoring Tool (QUEST) and the presence of the Health on the Net (HON) code; (2) the readability of information using the Gunning Fox Index (GFI), Flesch Reading Ease Scale (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) scores; and (3) the accuracy of information pertaining to the effects of cannabis consumption, prevalence of DUIC, DUIC effects on driving ability, risk of collision, and detection by law enforcement using an adapted version of the 5Cs website evaluation tool. Results A total of 82 web pages were included in the data analysis. The average QUEST score was 17.4 (SD 5.6) out of 28. The average readability scores were 9.7 (SD 2.3) for FKGL, 11.4 (SD 2.9) for GFI, 12.2 (SD 1.9) for SMOG index, and 49.9 (SD 12.3) for FRES. The readability scores demonstrated that 8 (9.8%) to 16 (19.5%) web pages were considered readable by the public. The accuracy results showed that of the web pages that presented information on each key topic, 96% (22/23) of them were accurate about the effects of cannabis consumption; 97% (30/31) were accurate about the prevalence of DUIC; 92% (49/53) were accurate about the DUIC effects on driving ability; 80% (41/51) were accurate about the risk of collision; and 71% (35/49) were accurate about detection by law enforcement. Conclusions Health organizations should consider health literacy of the public when creating content to help prevent misinterpretation and perpetuate prevailing misperceptions surrounding DUIC. Delivering high quality, readable, and accurate information in a way that is comprehensible to the public is needed to support informed decision-making.

Usability of a Community-Based Dementia Resource Website: Mixed Methods Study

Many individuals living with dementia want to live in their own homes for as long as possible. To do so, they frequently require assistance with activities of daily living, which is often provided by friends and relatives acting as informal care partners. In Canada, many informal care partners are currently overworked and overwhelmed. Although community-based dementia-inclusive resources are available to support them, care partners often struggle to find them. Dementia613.ca was created to make the process of finding community dementia-inclusive resources simpler and more straightforward by bringing them together in one eHealth website. The objective of our study was to determine if dementia613.ca is meeting the goal of connecting care partners and persons living with dementia to dementia-inclusive resources in their community. A review and assessment of the website was conducted using 3 evaluation methods: web analytics, questionnaires, and task analysis. Google Analytics was used to collect data related to website use over a 9-month period. Data on site content and user characteristics were collected. Furthermore, 2 web-based self-administered questionnaires were developed: one intended for care partners and persons living with dementia, and the other intended for businesses and organizations interested in serving persons living with dementia. Both gathered data on user characteristics and included standard questions used in website evaluations. Responses were collected over a 6-month period. Scenarios, tasks, and questions were developed for the moderated, remote, and task-analysis sessions. These tasks and questions determined how effectively persons living with dementia and their care partners can use dementia613.ca. Overall, 5 sessions were held with persons experiencing moderate cognitive decline and with care partners of persons living with dementia. This evaluation showed that the idea behind dementia613.ca is strong and appeals to persons living with dementia, their care partners, and the businesses and organizations serving this market. Participants indicated that it is a useful community resource that meets a previously unfulfilled need in the area, and highlighted the benefits of bringing community resources together on 1 website. In our questionnaire, >60% (19/29, 66%) of people living with dementia and their care partners and 70% (7/10) of businesses and organizations agreed that the website made it easier to find relevant dementia-inclusive resources. There is room for improvement; participants indicated that the navigation and search features could be further developed. We believe that the dementia613.ca model could be used to inspire and guide the creation of dementia resource websites in other regions in Ontario and beyond. The framework behind it is generalizable and could be replicated to help care partners and persons living with dementia find local resources more easily.

Development and testing of the health information website evaluation tool on neck pain websites – An analysis of reliability, validity, and utility

ObjectiveOnline health information contributes to patient education and knowledge on disease management. The aims of this study were to design the Health Information Website Evaluation Tool (HIWET) to evaluate the quality of online information, and to investigate the reliability, validity, and utility of HIWET. MethodsHIWET was developed by a literature search and small-scale pilot testing. Upon development, psychometric properties of HIWET were evaluated on 20 neck pain websites. Reliability was analysed using Intra class correlation coefficient (ICC). Validity was analysed using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. Utility was analysed using an independent samples t-test. ResultsHIWET demonstrated excellent intra-rater reliability (0.94 (0.98–0.99), p < .001) and fair inter-rater reliability (0.55 (0.88–0.10), p = .04). HIWET demonstrated validity with strong correlation against DISCERN (r = 0.656, n = 20, p = .002) and LIDA (r = 0.564, n = 20, p = 0.010). HIWET was time-efficient when compared to three comparison tools combined. ConclusionHIWET is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating the qualities of online health information. Practical implications: HIWET has the advantages of being a simple, quick to use and freely accessible tool. It can be implemented into clinical practice, education, and research to evaluate quality of online health information.

444 Readability, accessibility, quality, visual design and content of online information on dementia medication: a quantitative evaluation

Abstract Introduction Information on health conditions, encompassing information about treatment, is abundant on the Internet (1). Little is known about the standard of online information available in relation to dementia medications. Aim To evaluate current information online on dementia medications, in terms of readability, information quality, accessibility, and content quality. Methods Websites were identified by searching Google using the terms ‘dementia medicines’ and ‘dementia medication’. Searches were conducted using a private browser setting to reduce the influence of previous searches on websites returned. The top 20 websites returned using each term were included. Readability was assessed using the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) instrument (&amp;lt;10 = good, 10-12 = adequate, &amp;gt;12 = poor). Quality of information was assessed using the 16-item DISCERN instrument (for each item &amp;gt;4=good, 3-4 = adequate and &amp;lt;3 = poor), and accessibility determined using the AChecker tool. Understandability and actionability were measured using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT; &amp;gt;80% = good, 70-80% = adequate and &amp;lt;70% = poor). Content was assessed using an 11-item content assessment tool (&amp;gt; 4=good, 3-4 = adequate, &amp;lt;3 = poor) (2). One researcher (RR) identified and evaluated the websites, and a second researcher (CP) independently evaluated a random sample (10%) of these websites for validation. Results Due to overlap between the top 20 websites using the two search terms, 24 websites in total were evaluated. SMOG scores ranged from 11.4 to 20.7 for ‘dementia medications’ (mean 14.4) and from 11.6 to 20.8 (mean 14.6) for ‘dementia medicines’. Websites with good or adequate quality information ranged from 95.8% (n=23) for the DISCERN item ‘Is it clear that there may be more than one treatment choice?’ to 16.7% (n=4) for the item ‘Does it describe what would happen if no treatment is used?’. The AChecker tool identified a mean number of 14.8 and 13.9 accessibility issues per website for ‘dementia medications’ and ‘dementia medicines’ respectively; most commonly relating to misuse of font and lack of headers. PEMAT scores ranged from 66% (n=16) to 93% (n=22) for understandability and from 17% to 83% for actionability. Content quality varied from 29% (n=7) of websites covering ‘How long it takes for medication to produce results’, ‘Uncommon side effects of medication’ and ‘Effects of stopping medication’ to 95.8% (n=23) of websites covering ‘Choice of medication’ and ‘Advantages of medication’ in good to adequate detail. Conclusion Overall, readability of websites providing information about dementia medications was poor, and quality of information varied. Many websites performed well in understandability, but not actionability. Adequacy of detail in content varied. Website development and refinement is needed to improve readability, accessibility, actionability and information and content quality relating to dementia medications. This study provides the first evaluation of websites providing information on dementia medications based on the domains of readability, accessibility and information and content quality. Limitations are: the websites evaluated do not fully represent the range of health information available online, exclusion of user-generated content and social media platforms, and inclusion of English language websites only.

Pandemic hits: Evaluation of an antimicrobial stewardship program website for hospital communication during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

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Consumer’s Perception towards Website Factors for Online Shopping and its Effect on Buying Behavior in Peshawar

The use of e-commerce is growing so rapidly around the globe and provides e-marketers with many emerging opportunities. Ife-marketers get awareness about those elements and aspects which can affect consumers’ buying behavior and the relationships between these factors. Then they can further develop their marketing strategies to convert potential customers into active ones and hold current online customers. The increasing use of the Internet by Pakistani customers provides developing prospects for online retailers. This paper focuses on factors that online Peshawari buyers keep in mind while buying online. This study found that website design, website reliability/fulfillment, website customer service, and website security/privacy are the four dominant factors that influence consumer perceptions of online purchasing. Online buyers have positive evaluations of website design and website reliability/fulfillment but negative evaluations of website security/privacy issues, which implies that security/privacy issues are important to most online buyers. Finally, the recommendations presented in this research may help foster the growth of Pakistani online marketing in the future.

EVALUASI E-SERVICE (STUDI KASUS: E-LAYANAN BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN DAERAH PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN)

Abstract: This research is based on efforts to improve the quality of government electronic-based services at the Regional Civil Service Agency of South Sumatra Province through website evaluation (e-service). The study was conducted using Kepmenpan-RB No. 859/2019 on seven instruments/dimensions, namely efficiency, trust, convenience, reliability, service, availability of information, and interaction. The method used is Mix-Method. The population data in this study was obtained from the Civil Service Information System of South Sumatra. The number of samples used was 100 respondents using the Slovin formula. Data dissemination using questionnaires to users (ASNs). By using the SPSS 25 tool, validity test results are obtained that state the data is valid. As for the reliability test, cronbach α &gt; 0.70 so it was declared good. From the results of the distribution of respondents' answers, it was found that the index of the e-Service website is in good value.