Water Environmental Evaluation Research Articles

Study and Application of Estimation Method for Environmental Background Pollution Fluxes into the River in Source Areas

The background values of pollutants are becoming increasingly prominent in evaluating water quality and management, and their load and output characteristics are of great significance to the study of changes in the background values. Thus, this paper studies the estimation method for background pollutant fluxes into a river in a forested river source in northeastern China with deficient data or without data. Based on the results of a soak experiment and leaching experiment, as well as natural rainfall runoff experiments, the conversion relationship of the pollutant concentration in the medium was established, the transformation relationship of the pollutant concentration in the medium was established, its load into the river in a small watershed was estimated, and the estimation method was verified according to the measurements (average relative error: 20.5%). Then, the background pollutant loading into the river was calculated on a large scale by improving the pollutant output coefficient model and the universal soil loss equation (average relative error: 18.7%, 24.7%). The results show that the method mentioned above can better reflect the background pollutant loading into the river. This study provides an effective strategy to estimate the background pollutant loading into rivers in areas without data or with missing data, and also provides a theoretical basis for the study of zoning and the formulation of a water environment evaluation system based on background values.

A dataset of surface water environment characteristics of typical small watersheds in central Sichuan Hilly Region (2005–2019)

Based on the long-term routine monitoring of surface water environmental status of typical small watershed in the central hilly region of Sichuan Province by Yanting Station, we compiled a the dataset of surface water environmental characteristics of typical small watersheds in central Sichuan Hilly Region from 2005 to 2019, involving four monitoring sites in typical small catchments located in the upper of small catchment pond, the midstream ditch, field surface and the weir at the outlet of the catchment. From 2005 to 2006, water samples were collected at regular intervals of once every three months; starting from 2007 to 2009, water samples from August and September were specifically added; from 2010 to 2019, the sampling frequency increased to once a month, with water samples collected specifically on the 20th day of each month. The data include 16 physical and chemical indicators reflecting the surface water environment, namely pH, TN, TP, TDS, EC, CODcr, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, CO32- , HCO3- , Cl-, SO42- , PO43- and NO3- . The monitoring sample layout, water sample collection process, laboratory analysis and data analysis were carried out in accordance with the specifications and standards required by the China Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) and the National Science and Technology Basic Platform. The data are of reliable quality and comparable with similar data collected from other field stations on the network. The dataset can provide important data support for environmental science research, ecologically clean small watersheds and comprehensive water environment evaluation, management and planning.

Investigation of water environment monitoring and evaluation based on water ecological function zoning

AbstractThis paper expounds the establishment of the water environment evaluation system and the water environment monitoring (EM) countermeasures and discusses the water environment security evaluation index system. The establishment of a water environment-sensitive monitoring area was proposed, and the establishment of a water EM network system was studied. The construction of water EM and evaluation based on the entropy weight method was carried out, and the analysis of water EM and evaluation elements of ecological function zoning were proposed. The research was carried out from two aspects, namely the problems solved by water EM and evaluation based on water ecological function zoning, and the water environment evaluation system based on water ecological function zoning. According to the experiment and investigation, the entropy weight method was introduced into the framework of the water EM and evaluation system, and a new water EM and evaluation system was constructed, which was 19% more satisfactory than the traditional water EM and evaluation system.

Systematic Evaluation and Influencing Factors Analysis of Water Environmental Carrying Capacity in Taihu Basin, China

Systematic evaluation of water environment carrying capacity (WECC) is a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development, which reflects the water environment comprehensive condition of lake basin under the current economic development scenario. Therefore, taking the Taihu Basin as a case study, a scientific comprehensive evaluation index system of WECC was established based on the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) assessment framework, which included water resources (WR), pollution emission (PE), water quality (WQ), water ecology (WE), and land use (LU) sub-systems. An expert group was invited to determine the weights of each indicator using the group analytic hierarchy process (G-AHP) method, and the indicators in the WR, PE, WQ, WE, and LU sub-systems were 6.5%, 21.8%, 27.9%, 11.1%, and 32.9%, respectively. According to the evaluation results, the WECC index of Taihu Basin increased by 51.4% from 2007 to 2019, but it still slightly exceeded the carrying capacity of the water environment; the water quality and pollution discharge indices had the most significant improvement. Algal blooms are a major factor challenging WECC in the Taihu Basin. Therefore, the overall restoration of the water eco-system must receive more attention in the future.

Application of Partial Connection Number and Subtraction Set Pair Potential in Evaluation of Development Trend of Water Environment Bearing State

Aiming at the uncertainty between the evaluation samples and the evaluation standards in the evaluation of water environment carrying capacity, a five-element connection coefficient evaluation model for water environment carrying capacity based on the set pair analysis theory is constructed, and the partial connection coefficient method and the subtractive set pair potential method are used. The development trend of the water environment carrying state was analyzed, and the method was used in the dynamic evaluation of the water environment carrying capacity in HJ City. The results show that the water environment carrying capacity of HJ city in 2015-2021 is between grades IV and III, and the water environment carrying capacity is poor, but the overall potential is developing from partial antipodal to homogeneous, showing a development trend for the better. According to the comprehensive index evaluation results, targeted suggestions for improving the water environment carrying capacity are put forward. From the analysis, it can be seen that the above dynamic evaluation and analysis results are reasonable and reliable, and the method is intuitive and simple, which can provide a reference basis for the improvement of regional water environment quality.

Heavy metal levels and sources in suspended particulate matters of the glacier watersheds in Northeast Tibetan Plateau

This study collected summer meltwater runoff samples from several glacier watersheds of the northeast Tibetan Plateau during June-July 2017, and measured the concentrations of 17 trace elements (Li, Be, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Mo, Cd, In, Sb, Cs, Ba) in meltwater suspended particulate matter (SPM), in order to reveal the elemental concentration, spatial distribution, and water quality in remote glacier watershed under regional anthropogenic activities. Results showed that, the concentration of heavy metal elements was relatively high in Yuzhufeng Glacier basin, ranging from 0.57 μg/L (In) to 1,551.6 μg/L (Ba), whereas in Qiyi Glacier basin it was the lowest, ranging from 0.02 to 85.05 μg/L; and relatively medium in other glacier watersheds, with total elemental concentration varying from 1,503.9 to 1726.2 μg/L. Moreover, enrichment factors (EFs) of SPM heavy metals showed significantly higher value in the downstream than that of upper glacier region of the watershed. Most heavy metals with low EFs mainly originated from crust dust, while others with higher EFs (e.g., Cd, Sb) probably originated from anthropogenic sources. Spatially, the EFs of heavy metals were higher in Yuzhufeng and Laohugou Glacier basins; while in other regions the EFs were relatively low, which may be caused by regional land-surface and atmospheric environmental differences surrounding the various glacier watersheds. Compared with other remote locations in global range, heavy metals level (e.g., Cu, Ni, and Zn) in this region is relatively higher. Meanwhile, we find that, though the water quality of the glacier basin in northeast Tibetan Plateau was relatively clean and pollution-free, it is still obviously affected by regional anthropogenic activities. Mining activities, transportation and natural weathering and erosion processes in the study areas have important effects on the content of heavy metal pollutants of river-water SPM in the glacier watershed. Moreover, backward air-mass trajectories demonstrated the potential atmospheric pollutants transport from the surrounding cities and suburbs, to deposit in the snowpack and glaciers, and then melted out and released into meltwater runoff. This study provides a new perspective on more complete view of heavy metals distribution in glacier watershed, and new understanding for the cryosphere water environment evaluation in the Tibetan Plateau region.

Stochastic streamflow and dissolved silica dynamics with application to the worst-case long-run evaluation of water environment

Stochastic streamflow and dissolved silica dynamics with application to the worst-case long-run evaluation of water environment

Research on the progress of urban lake water environment assessment

Urban lake water environment management and water ecosystem restoration have always been research hotspots in China and abroad. However, there have always been different opinions on the water environment situation, water environment evaluation and subsequent water environment regulation of urban lakes worldwide. Based on the investigation of water environment in China and abroad, this research summarizes the main water quality evaluation methods of urban lakes, and systematically analyzes and organizes the main evaluation methods, in order to provide references for the future evaluation and restoration of urban lakes.

An integrated study on change detection and environment evaluation of surface water

Surface water pollution is one of the serious environment pollution problems, posing threat to human and other creatures. Extraction, change detection and environment evaluation of surface water are prerequisite for water resource management. Undoubtedly, remote sensing data play an important role in these researches because of its large geographic coverage and high temporal frequency. In this study, the Tianjin Binhai New Area was chosen as the study area and the surface water extraction method Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) was used by combining with adaptive dynamic threshold to extract surface water and detect its change. Comparing with single-band threshold, model of multi-band spectral relationship, Iterative Self-organizing Data Analysis Technique Algorithm and MNDWI, MNDWI-based adaptive dynamic threshold method performed better, which considered the influence of background. Analysis on dynamic change of water showed the area of lake and river had increased and the area of seawater had decreased. Meanwhile, the correlation analysis between area change of surface water and impact factors indicated both climatic and anthropogenic factors made positive contribution to the present water environment situation. Finally, an improved model of surface water environment evaluation was established to evaluate water quality by combining genetic algorithm (GA) and backpropagation (BP) neural network model. And the test results proved that the optimized GA-BP neural network is better than the single BP neural network. The environment evaluation indicated that water quality of the Haihe River section in the study area was poor. Therefore, water environment protection should be strengthened in this area. Some suggestions on practical management were given accordingly.

Water Environment Management and Performance Evaluation in Central China: A Research Based on Comprehensive Evaluation System

As a developing country with insufficient water resources, China’s water environment management and performance evaluation have important research value. The three provinces (Henan, Hubei, and Hunan) in central China with typical significance in geographical location and water resources governance were selected as research objects in this paper. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) method and the pressure-state-response (PSR) model, a comprehensive evaluation system for the water environment in those three provinces during 2011–2017 was established in this paper. The evaluation results show that: (1) The water environment management and performance evaluation of the three provinces in central China were generally poor in 2011–2012, but the overall trend was rising; (2) in 2013–2014, the situation was improved compared to the previous two years, but needed further enhancement; (3) in 2015–2017, the water environment management and performance of the three provinces showed significant improvement. Among them, the Hubei Province had the highest water environment evaluation value (1.692), and the Henan Province had the most significant progress (from 0.043 to 1.671). The contributions of this paper are: (1) The comprehensive evaluation model based on PCA and the PSR model was constructed to analyze the sustainable development of water environment in central China; (2) the performance evaluation system for water environment management, which could comprehensively evaluate the performance of water environment treatment and effectively reveal the correlation between various indicators, was established. The principal factors in water environment management can be obtained by this evaluation system. Based on the analysis of the reasons underlying the above changes, the corresponding policy recommendations for improving water environment management and performance in central China were suggested in order to provide a reference for further improvement of water environment management in developing countries.

Safety Evaluation of Highway Transportation Environment in Water Sensitive Sections: Case Study of Boshen Highway in China

China was striving to build “Smooth, Efficient, Safe, Green” comprehensive transportation system, which demanded highways to meet traffic safety functional requirements and regional ecological environmental safety requirements as well. A lot of researches in highway traffic safety and highway ecological environment evaluation at home and aboard had been made and achieved considerable results. However, there were few researches to combine highway traffic safety and highway ecological environment safety together. In this paper, the concept of highway transportation environment safety was proposed firstly based on the combination study of highway traffic safety and highway ecological environmental safety. The prediction model of highway traffic accidents was built using horizontal and vertical alignment, traffic volume, traffic composition and other data, and the evaluation system of water environment along highway was also established include the main indicators of water environment function, water quality, service population and water supply area. The method of safety evaluation of highway transportation environment in water sensitive sections was developed through the prediction of highway traffic safety and the sensitivity evaluation of water environment along highway. Though the case study of Boshen highway in Guangdong Province in China, the evaluation method of highway transportation environment safety was validated and it was proved the protective countermeasures can improve the efficiency of highway safety facilities, which would have an important theoretical and practical significance in building the safe highway transport environment system and the promotion of highway ecological environmental protection and sustainable development in China.

Community structure of macrozoobenthos and the evaluation of water environment in Lake Baima, Jiangsu Province, China

To characterize the community structure of macrozoobenthos and evaluate the water environment in Lake Baima, macrozoobenthos were investigated at 11 sites of Lake Baima monthly in 2016. Water quality was evaluated based on the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002, in Chinese), comprehensive trophic level index and biological indices. A total of 16 species were recorded, belonging to 4 phyla, 16 orders, including 8 chironomids, 3 oligochaetes, 2 Mollusca, and 3 other species. The mean density and biomass of macrozoobenthos were 277.06 ind./m2 and 31.3953 g/m2, respectively. Tanypus chinensis, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Branchiura sowerbyi, Propsilocerus akamusi, Chironomus plumosus and Bellamya sp. were the dominant species in Lake Baima. Higher spatial heterogeneity was observed for the mean biomass than the mean density. The highest density was recorded in the central sites, and relatively lower values were observed in the offshore sites. The biomass presented the opposite distribution pattern compared with density. It showed that the lake was moderately polluted at a mesotrophic level, and the eutrophication strongly influenced the structure of macrozoobenthic assemblages in Lake Baima. As an important water source and aquaculture site, more attention should be paid on water environment protection in Lake Baima.

Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment Method Based on the Entropy Weight Method and Its Application in the Water Environmental Safety Evaluation of the Heshangshan Drinking Water Source Area, Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

The safety of drinking water from source areas is an important issue, and the fuzzy comprehensive assessment method is a useful evaluation approach. However, it has limitations due to its complicated calculation, as well as the effects of subjective factors on the results. The objective of the research is to develop an effective method with more objective results for tackling water environmental evaluation problems in drinking water source areas. In this study, a new method— i.e., the fuzzy comprehensive assessment method based on the entropy weight method—was proposed; a water environmental safety evaluation index system was built, and then the water environmental safety of the Heshangshan drinking water source area was evaluated. The results indicated that the water environment of the study area was substantially safe. Furthermore, water-saving measurements should be taken, the industrial structure should be optimized, investment in environmental protection should be increased, and the utilization ratio of water resources should be improved. It can be concluded that the proposed approaches were feasible and reasonable. It is the first attempt to develop such an evaluation method and index system for water environmental safety evaluation, which can provide references and decision support for the related researchers and managers.

Community structure of macrozoobenthos and the evaluation of water environment in Lake Taihu

To characterize the community structure of macrozoobenthos and to examine their relationships with environmental factors,macrozoobenthos were investigated at 116 sites of Lake Taihu in winter and summer of 2014. A total of 55 species were recorded,belonging to 3 phyla,7 classes,18 orders and 27 families. The mean density and biomass of macrozoobenthos were 405. 5ind. / m2 and 146. 6 g / m2,respectively. Corbicula fluminea,Bellamya aeruginosa,Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri,Grandidierella aihuensis,Nephtys oligobranchia and Paranthura sp. were the dominant species in Lake Taihu. The 116 sampling sites were classified into three groups based on cluster analysis using environmental factors. One-way ANOVA showed that environmental factors differed significantly among the three groups. Analysis of similarities and non-metric multidimensional scaling showed that macrozoobenthic assemblages exhibited remarkable difference among the three groups. Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that macrozoobenthic community structure was highly correlated with habitat-specific differences in water depth,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen,macrophytes,dissolved organic carbon and Φ50. From the east and southwest to the north area of Lake Taihu,the diversity indexes of macrozoobenthos decreased but the density and biomass increased with the increase of trophic status index. Our results showed that the trophic level,bottom sediment type and macrophytes coverage were the key factors regulating community structure and diversity of macrozoobenthos.

Application of Comprehensive Identification Indexes in Water Environment Evaluation of Taihu Basin

Water environment protection was one of the most important priorities in Taihu Basin, resulting in the importance of water environment evaluation. It was used to evaluate water quality of Taihu Basin by three methods of single factor index, comprehensive identification index and improved comprehensive identification index, including dissolved oxygen (DO), permanganate index (CODMn) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), which distributed in six typical water quality monitoring sections. Results show that the main pollutant is NH3-N in Taihu Basin, especially Qingpu and Jiaxing, which indicate the main managements are to reduce the eutrophication and blue algae blooming. Comparison of these evaluations, the results of improved comprehensive identification index are reliable to the true condition of water environment.

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Quality Management Information System

Water environment assessment is a basic and important work of water resources protection. We set up a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of water environment based on fuzzy theory and prediction method in this paper. The comprehensive assessment of water environmental quality relates to complicated phenomena and interaction of multi-factor of evaluation. There are plenty of fuzzy phenomena and fuzzy concepts, therefore, make quantitative processing by the comprehensive evaluation method of fuzzy is a good choice to get good results.

Water Exchange in North Harbor of Lingang Economic Area, Tianjin

Water exchange ability is an important index for the evaluation of water environment and prediction of pollutant in harbor. In this paper, the hydrodynamic model and Lagrange particle tracking model were built. The water exchange ability of North Harbor in Tianjin Lingang Economic Area was analyzed. The simulation results provided a scientific guide for the water protection and ecological reconstruction in Tianjin Lingang economic area.

Evaluation of Water Environment Carrying Capacity in Guanzhong Area

With the combination of real coded accelerating genetic algorithm and projection pursuit technology (RAGA-PPT), RAGA-PPT model for water environment carrying capacity (WECC) evaluation was proposed. Eleven comprehensive indexes were selected to form WECC evaluation index system, and the predicted value of each index in different development processes was acquired by system dynamics simulating. Based on the data, RAGA-PPT model was used to evaluate WECC of Guanzhong area at the year 1997, 2015 and 2020. The results show that waste water emission per person and available water supply per person are the key factors influencing WECC of Guanzhong area, and the situation of WECC would be improved gradually, by taking measures of increasing the quantity of wastewater reuse and diversion water to improve water conservation and supply level.

水環境健全性指標を適用したAHP手法による水環境の評価に関する研究

水環境健全性指標の評価軸は5つあるが，評価に際して調査者の各軸や個別指標に対する思いの強さ（重要度）は同じではないはずである。このような主観を考慮して水環境を総合的に評価する方法として，水環境健全性指標の指標群を評価要因構造とするAHP手法を提案する。通常の調査と同法による評価結果を比較し，調査者の判断の背景にある水環境に対する主観の把握を試みる。まず，同一主体により事例河川の複数地先で水環境調査を行い，各水環境の特色を明らかとする。次いで，健全性の定義を明示的に示した階層的な評価要因構造に基づきAHPを適用する。両方法による結果を比較した結果，AHPを適用した方法では通常の調査方法で得られる結果とは傾向の異なる主観を反映した評価結果を得た。水環境健全性指標の判断の背景には調査者の水環境に対する思いがある。それを明示的に理解し水環境を深く理解するひとつの方法としてAHP手法は有効である。

Evaluation of water environment after river improvement works in the River Tamoki based on aquatic insects

Evaluation of water environment after river improvement works in the River Tamoki based on aquatic insects