Evaluation Of Soil Quality Research Articles

Effects of Biochar on Soil Organic Carbon of Eroded Cultivated Layer of Slope Farmland in Purple Hilly Area

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest carbon pool in the terrestrial ecosystem. It is not only the core index of cultivated land soil quality evaluation but also an important part of the global carbon cycle. In order to understand the response characteristics of SOC in the cultivated layer to the interaction of soil erosion and management measures, the eroded cultivated layer of typical purple soil slope farmland in the Three Gorges Reservoir area was the research object. The in-situ tests of five erosion degrees on sloping farmland were established using the shovel erosion simulation test method; taking no fertilizer (CK) as a control measure, two types of restorative management measures were set up, namely chemical fertilizer (F) and biochar+chemical fertilizer (BF), to clarify the differences in SOC content under different erosion degrees and management measures and to analyze the variation characteristics and interannual variation trend of SOC along the cultivated-layer profile. The results showed that:① BF significantly increased the soil organic carbon content in the cultivated layer of purple soil slope farmland; the SOC of BF was 90.25% and 23.84% higher than that of CK and F on average, respectively. Soil erosion significantly reduced the content of SOC (12.25%-27.74%) under CK measures, but there was no significant difference in the profile distribution of SOC under different erosion degrees. ② The SOC content in the surface layer (0-10 cm) of slope farmland was the highest, and the two measures had the most obvious effect on improving the SOC contents, which were 120.59% and 66.90%, respectively. ③ After three consecutive years of experiments, the SOC content in the cultivated-layer of slope farmland changed significantly. Under CK, the average annual loss of SOC was 12.52%, whereas under BF, the average annual increase in SOC content was 9.31%. ④ The correlation between SOC and soil physical and chemical properties was different in the various soil layers; the deeper the soil layer was, the weaker the correlation was. Therefore, biochar combined with chemical fertilizer (BF) was an important management measure to improve the erosive cultivated layer and enhance soil fertility for slope farmland in the purple hilly area. The results of this study can provide basic parameters for the rational regulation of cultivated layers and the improvement of soil fertility.

Impacts of land-use types on soil physical quality: A case study of the National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Nigeria

Evaluation of soil quality (SQ) for land-use type impact is important for agricultural sustainability. This study was therefore conducted to quantify the impacts of land-use types (LUTs) on SQ under four LUTs (grassland, paddock, Irvingia wombulu plantation and Irvingia gabonensis plantation) at the National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Ibadan, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from each LUT and analysed for their physical, chemical and biological indicators. Effective indicators (air capacity, relative field capacity, soil structural stability index, clay, pH and organic matter) were selected as minimum data set (MDS) by principal component analysis. The Multiple Variable Indicator Transform (MVIT) and Sustainability Index (SI) techniques were used to transform and integrate selected indicators into SQ and soil sustainability indices. Soil quality was highest in grassland (72.3%), but decreased in I. wombulu, paddock and I. gabonensis by 15.2, 23.0 and 23.5% respectively, when compared with grassland. Soil sustainability under Grassland and I. wombulu was superior to paddock and I. gabonensis by 67%. Soil sustainability was significantly (R2 = 0.75, p < 0.01) linearly related to SQ under the four LUTs, indicating that SQ is a key to sustainable agriculture. Although, the four identified LUTs will require additional inputs (crop residue, manure, leguminous crops, etc.) to be agriculturally sustainable, grassland option is better for soil conservation.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Substrate Improvement Based on the Minimum Data Set Method

Long-term transitional grazing on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang has led to severe vegetation degradation, loss of self-renewal capacity and regional ecological degradation in the region. This study was conducted to improve the soil quality and vegetation restoration efficiency in the foreland zone of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains (Xiangyataizi slope) using xanthic acid, bentonite, a green plant growth regulator (GGR) and high amounts of mulch as improvement materials, and eight sets of experiments were conducted. Fifteen physical and chemical indicators were selected as the total data set (TDS), and the minimum data set (MDS) was constructed using principal component analysis (PCA) combined with norm values to evaluate the soils in the study area by nonlinear (NL) and linear (L) evaluation methods. The results showed that the soil quality evaluation indexes of the MDS included effective phosphorus, organic matter, percentage of powder, total potassium and total salt for the Xiangyataizi slope of the Tianshan Mountains. The SQI was (p &lt; 0.05). The Ⅵ treatment significantly improved soil quality; that is, plastic mulch applied to soil with 250 g of fulvic acid, 1000 g of bentonite and 15 g of GGR (mixed with 100 kg of water) was the best treatment. Additionally, since the nonlinear soil quality evaluation method (SQI-NL) had a smaller variation interval and coefficient of variation of the soil quality index compared with linear soil quality evaluation method (SQI-L), the coefficient of determination between the MDS and TDS was 0.873 and 0.811 under the SQI-NL and SQI-L evaluation methods, respectively. The nonlinear soil quality evaluation method had better applicability in this region, and the minimum data set was more accurate for soil quality evaluation.

Vegetation degradation threatens soil health in a mountainous semi-arid region

Soil biological properties are good indicators for the evaluation of soil quality, introduced as key indicators in soil health, which is in line with the nutrient cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. To the best of the authors' knowledge, responses of belowground biota to habitat degradation have received little attention. The present study aimed to study the effect of different intensities of vegetation degradation [heavy (0–10% coverage), moderate (30–40% coverage) and light (60–70% coverage)] and non-degraded sites (as control; 90–100% coverage) in lands covered by Crataegus and Berberis shrubs on soil fauna, microbiota and microbial activities in the north of Iran. From each of these sites, 45 soil (30 × 30 cm area) samples were taken from 0 to 10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm depths and 180 samples were transferred to the laboratory. According to principal component analysis, the studied habitats can be distinguished based on soil health and functional characteristics. In this regard, due to the more fertile soil in ecosystems without degradation, highest soil biological activities belonged to these areas. Following the increase in the intensity of degradation, the population of soil organisms and microbial activities are suppressed due to reduction of organic matter inputs, unsuitable soil microclimate, increase in soil erosion and finally depletion of soil nutrients. The results of this study indicate the dependence of soil quality on aboveground vegetation cover, especially in the topsoil, so the vegetation degradation can cause severe damages to soil health in semi-arid regions.

Transition to conservation agriculture: how tillage intensity and covering affect soil physical parameters

Abstract. Conservation agriculture (CA) relies on the following three key practices to improve agricultural sustainability: crop rotation, reduced tillage, and cover crop usage. Despite known soil physical benefits (reduced soil compaction and strength, enhanced soil porosity, and permeability), inconsistent reports on short-term CA results have limited its adoption in the European agroecosystems. To elucidate the short-term effects, a 3-year field experiment was undertaken in the low-lying Venetian plain (northern Italy). Bulk density (BD), penetration resistance (PR), soil hydraulic saturated conductivity, and sorptivity were used to evaluate soil quality obtained by combining three tillage intensities (conventional tillage – CT; minimum tillage – MT; no tillage – NT) with three winter soil coverings (bare soil – BS; tillage radish cover crop – TR; winter wheat cover crop – WW). Among the tillage methods, CT, on average, reduced BD by 4 % (from 1.48 to 1.42 g cm−3) and PR by 3.1 % (from 1.69 to 1.64 MPa) in the 0–30 cm tilled layer. Across the soil profile, reduced tillage coupled with WW improved soil physical properties even below the tilled layer, as evidenced by root-growth-limiting condition reductions (−11 % in BD values, with BD &gt;1.55 g cm−3, and −7 % in PR values, with PR &gt;2.5 MPa). Soil hydraulic measurements confirmed this positive behaviour; NT combined with either BS or WW produced a soil saturated conductivity of 2.12×10-4 m s−1 (4 times that of all other treatments). Likewise, sorptivity increased in NT combined with BS vs. other treatments (3.64×10-4 m s−1 vs. an all-treatment average of 7.98×10-5 m s−1). Our results suggest that, despite the increase in BD and PR due to reduced tillage, the strategy improved soil functioning and particularly soil hydraulic conductivity. In the short term, the WW cover crop moderately increased physical soil parameters, whereas TR had negligible effects. This study demonstrates that, to quantify CA, several soil physical parameters should be monitored.

Succession law and model of reconstructed soil quality in an open-pit coal mine dump of the loess area, China

Studying the change laws of reconstructed soil quality and constructing succession models are the main components and tools of reconstructed soil quality evaluation for the supervision and management of reconstructed soil. However, the evaluation and management system of reconstructed soil quality suitable for the loess area needs to be improved. This paper aimed to clarify the succession law of reconstructed soil in an open-pit coal dump in the loess area on the temporal scale and to construct a succession model of reconstructed soil quality to evaluate and manage reconstructed soil. The Pingshuo coal mine, a representative open-pit coal mine in the loess area, is the study area. Field investigation and sampling, time-space substitution, and the combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. The reconstructed soil quality succession model was constructed based on the soil quality index method. Results: (1) As the reclamation period increased, the physical and chemical properties of reconstructed soil significantly improved, and reconstructed soil quality generally reached the quality of the original landform after approximately 15 years of reclamation. However, after long-term reclamation, soil physical properties still limited the improvement of reconstructed soil quality to a certain extent. (2) After long-term reclamation, the difference in reconstructed soil quality between layers gradually decreased, and the reconstructed soil condition of the 0–10 cm soil layer was obviously better than that of the other layers. (3) We quantitatively constructed and verified the reconstructed soil quality succession model that is suitable for the loess area, which can be used in conjunction with adaptive management for the evaluation and management of reconstructed soil in the loess area. In conclusion, this study is of great significance to meet the real needs of dynamic evaluation and management of reconstructed soil quality in the loess area and to enrich the soil evaluation and management system at home and abroad.

Geochemical Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Soil Elements in an Urban-rural Integration Area: A Case Study in the Qinglong Area of Tianfu New District

The Qinglong Area of Tianfu New District in China is the connection area of Chengdu city, Sichuan Province, which dominantly supports the primary agricultural products for the metropolis. The soil quality, therefore, has been deteriorating in recent decades due to the intensive planting and industrial pollution. Thus, the evaluation of soil quality and the identification of the pollution sources are significant for sustainable soil planting and regulation. To this end, 395 soil samples were collected, and the parameters of pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total potassium (TK), available potassium (AK), total nitrogen (TN), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), Se, B, V, Zn, Mn, Mo, Ni, Co, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, and Pb were analyzed. The results revealed that TN, Se, Hg, and TP were obviously higher than the background value of the Chengdu Economic Zone, and the Cr, Mn, pH, and TK were depleted. The combination of correlation statistics, geostatistics, and positive matrix factorization (PMF) source analysis revealed that heavy metal enrichments were mainly affected by four sources, namely natural sources (32%)>industrial sources (30%)>agricultural sources (25%)>traffic sources (14%). Likewise, the source apportionments were verified regarding topography, industrial boundary, farmer density, and traffic flow. It was estimated that Mo, Co, Ni, and V were affected by slope; the enrichment of Hg and As was the result of agricultural activities; Cd, Mn, Cr, and Zn were affected by industrial waste diffusion; and Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Hg were related to transportation. To a certain extent, agricultural fertilization and pesticide application have partially controlled soil fertility and pollution (Hg and As).

Evaluation of Soil Quality for Different Types of Land Use Based on Minimum Dataset in the Typical Desert Steppe in Ningxia, China

When the grassland ecosystem is under investigation, soil quality indexes (SQIs) are constructed to evaluate soil quality substantially, especially in desert grasslands and other ecologically fragile areas. This research used the total dataset (TDS), minimum dataset (MDS), approaches dealing with selecting better indexes, and scoring methods utilizing linear and nonlinear expressions to assess the typical desert grasslands in Yanchi County, Ningxia, China. The utilization of four different lands such as forestland (FL), shrubland (SL), natural restoration grassland (GL), and abandoned farmland (AL) in the study area were researched. Physical, chemical, and biological indicators, a total number of twenty, were measured. Principal component analysis and norm values were used to select indicators based on the MDS. The results suggested that nine soil indicators, namely, soil water content (WC), total soil porosity (TP), percentage of soil sand (sand), percentage of soil clay (clay); soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), urease activity (UA), and catalase activity (CA) were selected for the MDS. The distribution of the SQI in the types of land use was similar concerning the two evaluation methods. The nonlinear scoring method utilizing the MDS was found the most proper to compute the SQI since the maximum F statistics, coefficient of variation (CV), and correlation results are obtained. The SQI outcomes that were ranked concerning the types of land use were found to be shrubland (SL) &gt; natural restoration grassland (GL) &gt; abandoned farmland (AL) &gt; forestland (FL). In the four types of soil, shrub afforestation can be used as a beneficial ecological measure to restore the soil quality of typical desert grasslands in the research area.

Mine soil health on surface mined lands reclaimed to grassland

Appalachian states of the USA have over 15,000 km2 of surface mined land. Many mine sites in northern Appalachia were reclaimed with salvaged topsoil to aid revegetation and few studies have measured soil health of reclaimed mine soils in this region of Appalachia with topsoil replaced and grassland established. The objective of this study was to assess soil quality by using six soil health indicators from two methodologies (NRCS Soil Quality Test Kit vs Standard laboratory/field methods) on four reclaimed mine sites. On these sites, three of the six soil health indicators gave similar results between methodologies: infiltration (INFIL) (NRCS: 0.117 vs Standard: 0.114 cm min−1), pH (6.6 vs 6.4), and soil respiration (RESP) (45 vs 57 kg CO2-C ha−1 day−1); but two were different: bulk density (BD) (1.30 vs 1.46 Mg m−3) and electrical conductivity (EC) (0.113 vs 0.226 dS m−1). Wet aggregate stability (WA) showed similar trends between methodologies but could not be statistically analyzed because of different measurement units. The four sites differed in age since reclamation which offered an opportunity to assess soil quality changes over time. BD decreased, and WA, INFIL, pH, EC and RESP increased with age. The results showed that soil health indicators determined with the NRCS Soil Quality Test Kit provided similar results and trends to Standard methodologies and can be used to evaluate soil quality of mine soils. Both methodologies verified that mine soil health indicators improve with time since reclamation.

Spectral Index for Mapping Topsoil Organic Matter Content Based on ZY1-02D Satellite Hyperspectral Data in Jiangsu Province, China

Estimation of soil organic matter content (SOMC) is essential for soil quality evaluation. Compared with traditional multispectral remote sensing for SOMC mapping, the distribution of SOMC in a certain area can be obtained quickly by using hyperspectral remote sensing data. The Advanced Hyper-Spectral Imager (AHSI) onboard the ZY1-02D satellite can simultaneously obtain spectral information in 166 bands from visible (400 nm) to shortwave infrared (2500 nm), providing an important data source for SOMC mapping. In this study, SOMC-related spectral indices (SIs) suitable for this satellite were analyzed and evaluated in Shuyang County, Jiangsu Province. A series of SIs were constructed for the bare soil and vegetation-covered (mainly rice crops and tree seedlings) areas by combining spectral transformations (such as reciprocal and square root) and dual-band index formulas (such as ratio and difference), respectively. The optimal SIs were determined based on Pearson’s correlation coefficient (ρ) and satellite data quality, and applied to SOMC level mapping and estimation. The results show that: (1) The SI with the highest ρ in the bare soil area is the ratio index of original reflectance at 654 and 679 nm (OR-RI(654,679)), whereas the SI in the vegetation area is the square root of the difference between the reciprocal reflectance at 551 and 1998 nm (V-RR-DSI(551,1998)); (2) the spatial distribution trend of regional SOMC results obtained by linear regression models of OR-RI(654,679) and V-RR-DSI(551,1998) is consistent with the samples; (3) based on the optimal SIs, support vector machine and tree ensembles were used to predict the SOMC of bare soil and vegetation-covered areas of Shuyang County, respectively. The determination coefficient of the soil–vegetation combined prediction results is 0.775, the root mean square error is 3.72 g/kg, and the residual prediction deviation is 2.12. The results show that the proposed SIs for ZY1-02D satellite hyperspectral data are of great potential for SOMC mapping.

Strategies to admittance soil quality using mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy an alternate tool for conventional lab analysis: A global perspective

Evaluating the all-encompassing idea of soil quality requires an enormous set-up of estimations of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. The fast and appropriate evaluation of soil quality (SQ) is expected to keep up soil wellbeing. Appraisal of soil quality is currently turning into a standard work for crop production and management of soil. Nevertheless, regular research center investigation dependent on the assurance of soil properties, which is time and cost devouring and is not reasonable for precision agriculture. Mid-infrared spectroscopy is a quick, cheap, ecological agreeable, non-dangerous, and repeatable method. We observed a fantastic presentation of foreseeing soil C and N substance utilizing mid-infrared spectra. In a large portion of cases, the expectations of soil N, P, K, S, and few micronutrients are acceptable. Clay minerals, soil water (volumetric and gravimetric water content), and soil microorganisms can likewise be demonstrated and assessed utilizing mid-infrared spectroscopy. "Here, we review the possibility of mid-infrared spectroscopy to assess soil quality. The significant focuses are the accompanying: 1) predict physical properties of soil 2) predict chemical properties of soil 3) predict biological properties of soil with mid-infrared spectroscopy". Physical properties of soil that depend on void connection, for example, hydraulic conductivity (HC), bulk density (BD), as well as water-holding capacity (WHC) and can't be anticipated well utilizing mid-infrared spectra. Whereas properties dependent on the soil composition, for example, percentage of clay and shrinking- swelling properties, can be expected sensibly well. Even though presently using mid-infrared spectroscopy in the estimation of soil properties is constrained, it seems favourable to gage the quality of soil reliant on spectral pre-treatment and multivariate alignment because of the powerful intervene in the spectral band. Partial least square (PLS) is a broadly applied statistical tool to enhance various soil properties' prediction operations. A spectral library and a standard protocol can be an option in the future so that proper utilization of the mid-infrared spectral region is possible. Accordingly, mid-infrared spectroscopy coupled with a suitable statistical tool can assess soil quality, which will play a significant role in maintaining agriculture sustainability.

Tailor-made biochar systems: Interdisciplinary evaluations of ecosystem services and farmer livelihoods in tropical agro-ecosystems.

Organic matter management is key to sustain ecosystem services provided by soils. However, it is rarely considered in a holistic view, considering local resources, agro-environmental effects and harmonization with farmers' needs. Organic inputs, like compost and biochar, could represent a sustainable solution to massive current challenges associated to the intensification of agriculture, in particular for tropical regions. Here we assess the potential of agricultural residues as a resource for farmer communities in southwestern India to reduce their dependency on external inputs and sustain ecosystem services. We propose a novel joint evaluation of farmers' aspirations together with agro-environmental effects of organic inputs on soils. Our soil quality evaluation showed that biochar alone or with compost did not improve unilaterally soils in the tropics (Anthroposol, Ferralsol and Vertisol). Many organic inputs led to an initial decrease in water-holding capacities of control soils (-27.3%: coconut shell biochar with compost on Anthroposol). Responses to organic matter inputs for carbon were strongest for Ferralsols (+33.4% with rice husk biochar), and mostly positive for Anthroposols and Vertisols (+12.5% to +13.8% respectively). Soil pH responses were surprisingly negative for Ferralsols and only positive if biochar was applied alone (between -5.6% to +1.9%). For Anthroposols and Vertisols, highest increases were achieved with rice husk biochar + vermicomposts (+7.2% and +5.2% respectively). Our socio-economic evaluation showed that farmers with a stronger economical position showed greater interest towards technology like biochar (factor 1.3 to 1.6 higher for farmers cultivating Anthroposols and/or Vertisols compared to Ferralsols), while poorer farmers more skepticism, which may lead to an increased economical gap within rural communities if technologies are not implemented with long-term guidance. These results advocate for an interdisciplinary evaluation of agricultural technology prior to its implementation as a development tool in the field.

Soil organic matter qualification with FTIR spectroscopy under different soil types in Estonia

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a heterogeneous material consisting of different functional groups depending on soil texture and moisture regime. The lability of SOM (rapidity of turnover rate) is also an important indicator in soil quality evaluation. In this study, SOM lability (p-WEOC) was assessed based on the proportion of total soil organic carbon (SOC) represented by water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC) for a wide range of Estonian arable soils. We applied Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to examine the SOM relationships between qualitative (functional groups, SOM lability (p-WEOC), hydrophobicity (HI), degree of degradation (DDI), and water repellency (W)) and quantitative (total SOC and WEOC concentration) parameters depending on soil texture and moisture regime. Gleysols had the highest SOC and WEOC concentrations and p-WEOC was typically highest in automorphic sandy soils and lowest in sandy Gleysols. Overall, p-WEOC values for Gleysols were lower than those for automorphic soils. SOC and WEOC concentrations were positively correlated with all measured absorbance peaks and p-WEOC was negatively correlated with some peaks but positively correlated with DDI. HI and W were highest in Gleysols; however, sandy and automorphic soils had higher DDI. In general, automorphic soils had higher lability and the SOM was more degraded than wet soils. In summary, it is possible to assess and compare SOM composition in different soil types with FTIR spectroscopy, although eliminating inorganic material from soil will provide more accurate results.

Research on Quantitative Evaluation of Remote Sensing and Statistics Based on Wireless Sensors and Farmland Soil Nutrient Variability.

The combination of wireless sensor networks and radio technology can form a new type of communication network. The emergence of wireless sensor networks has effectively solved the problems existing in radio technology, but traditional wireless sensor networks and radio technology networks cannot be directly applied to wireless sensors. On this basis, this paper studies the remote sensing of soil nutrient variability in agricultural land using wireless sensors. Due to traditional farmland management and agricultural systems, farmland soil nutrient variability has led to polarization: fertile soil has excess nutrients, reducing the use rate of chemical fertilizers and polluting high-quality farmland. Traditional farming methods can no longer meet the requirements, and modern technology must be used to comprehensively understand the spatiotemporal variability of soil nutrients during plant growth. Remote sensing technology has the advantages of accuracy, speed, economy, and regular monitoring. It provides new ideas and technical guarantees for soil quality evaluation in land development and consolidation projects. This paper also studies the use of statistical quantitative evaluation technology to carry out multidimensional statistical quantification of soil protection function evaluation at a given location. Finally, wireless sensor networks are used to analyze the relationship between several natural factors and quantitative estimation of soil protection. Based on wireless sensor technology, this paper studies the variability of farmland soil nutrients and statistical quantitative evaluation, hoping to lay a foundation for the development of agriculture and statistics.

Soil and Irrigation Water Quality Evaluation: Case of Katumba Irrigation Scheme in Malawi

Soil and Irrigation Water Quality Evaluation: Case of Katumba Irrigation Scheme in Malawi

不同改良剂对黄土高原丘陵区山地果园土壤质量的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 不同改良剂对黄土高原丘陵区山地果园土壤质量的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202106091529 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900700）；国家自然科学基金项目（42125705）；唐仲英基金会项目；陕西省重点研发计划项目（2020ZDLNY07-04） Effect evaluation of soil amendments on soil quantity of mountain apple orchards in the hilly region of Loess Plateau, China Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:土壤质量是影响黄土高原丘陵区山地果园健康可持续发展的关键因素之一。针对黄土高原目前存在的土壤保水能力差，肥力低及微生物群落结构单一等问题，选取保水剂、生物炭和植物根际促生菌三种改良剂，研究其对土壤质量的影响。研究设置5个处理，分别为：生物炭处理(BC)，施用量为5%；枯草芽孢杆菌处理(PGBS)，施用量为0.25%；胶质芽孢杆菌处理(PGBM)，施用量为0.25%；腐殖酸型保水剂处理(SAP)，施用量为0.1%，不施用土壤改良剂作为对照(CK)。通过主成分分析法和最小数据集法筛选出相关指标，分别与对照处理(CK)进行对比，并进行综合评价。结果表明：土壤全氮、速效磷、β-1，4-葡萄糖苷酶、真菌Chao1指数、纤维素酶和细菌Chao1指数对土壤质量的影响较大；同时土壤改良剂的施用可以明显提高果园土壤质量。通过综合评价，发现不同改良剂改善土壤质量效果为：生物炭(BC)>保水剂(SAP)>枯草芽孢杆菌(PGBS)>胶质芽孢杆菌(PGBM)。综合考虑土壤质量和改良成本，保水剂在黄土高原山地果园土壤改良方面的适用性最好，若农林废弃物可资源化则生物炭在黄土高原土壤改良方面具有很大的应用潜力。 Abstract:Soil quality is the main bottleneck restricting the healthy and sustainable development of mountain orchards in the hilly region of Loess Plateau. In order to solve the problems of poor soil water holding capacity, low fertility and single microbial community structure in the Loess Plateau, three amendments were selected and five treatments were set up in this study:biochar application rate was at 5% of soil weight (BC), bacillus subtilis application rate was at 0.25% of soil weight (PGBS), bacillus glia application rate was at 0.25% of soil weight (PGBM), humic acid water retaining agent application rate was at 0.1% of soil weight (SAP), and not application any amendment as a control (CK). The relevant indexes were selected by principal component analysis (PCA) and minimum data set (MDS) to comprehensively evaluate soil quality. The results showed that soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, β-1,4-glucosidase, fungal Chao1 index, cellulase and bacterial Chao1 index had a significant effect on soil quality, and application of soil amendments could significantly improve the soil quality in apple orchards. The improvement effects of different amendments on soil quality as follows:BC > SAP> PGBS > PGBM through a comprehensive evaluation. Considering soil quality and cost, water retaining agent is more suitable for soil quality improvement in mountain apple orchards in the hilly region of Loess Plateau. Biochar has great application potential in soil amendment, if agricultural and forestry wastes can be recycled. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Soil Quality Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Polluted Parcels

For hydrocarbon polluted soils that underwent bioremediation it is important to assess its condition after a period of time, but it is more useful when there is an opportunity of comparison against an unpolluted soil and an untreated polluted one. This paper provides a comparison of three adjacent parcels, being the first clean, the second polluted and bioremediated, the third polluted and left to natural attenuation. Study was conducted determining pH, electrical conductivity, carbonates, soil organic matter, chemical oxygen demand, eight anions, and twelve metals. Data were compared against those references for agricultural soils found in the Mexican NOM-021. A Pearson correlation was applied to find coincidences between the three parcels, obtained results allowed to say that bioremediated parcel allowed for most uniform pH, negligible salinity risk, and medium content of soil organic matter, but treatment has enabled heavy metal accumulation since its values are higher in respect to the other parcels. Natural attenuated parcel has some spots with lower pH, a moderately saline risk, a high content of soil organic matter, and lower content of heavy metals. The clean or unaffected parcel exhibit the higher pH values, a slightly saline condition, soil organic matter ranges from high to very high content, heavy metals content is medium, but no reaching dangerous levels. An important assessment is that bioremediation has enhanced the bioavailability of soil organic matter but it is not similar to the values in the unpolluted parcel.

Assessing the level of contamination of metals in surface soils at thermal power area: Evidence from developing country (India)

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations and contamination level of heavy metals and metalloid (i.e., Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Pb and As) in sediment samples taken from a thermal power station's 5 km buffer area (Bandel thermal power station-BTPS) in West Bengal, India. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the presence of heavy metals in soil samples. Heavy metal and metalloid concentrations such as Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Pb and As were studied using various contamination and pollution-related indexes such as geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor, contamination factor, contamination degree, modified degree of contamination index, and pollution load index, and spatial distribution was presented using interpolation technique. An ecological risk index for all metals and a forecasted ecological risk index are also used to investigate the impact of heavy metals on biological elements in the soil. ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were among the multivariate statistical procedures used. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to estimate the spatial similarity of sample locations, and Pearson's correlation was used to determine the relationship between different metal concentrations and soil physico-chemical parameters. Almost all of the sample sites had soils of very good to medium quality, according to the study. All heavy metals at this research site, with the exception of arsenic and lead, behave as plant micronutrients. Furthermore, no heavy metal band, with the exception of As, had a consistent concentration. Almost all of the sampling locations had extremely low to very low levels of pollution. • The current study investigates the impact of a thermal power station on the soil quality in the surrounding area. • Geo-accumulation, enrichment factor, contamination factor, and pollution load index applied to illustrate soil contamination • The average soil quality rating implies that soil quality has degraded insignificantly across a radius of 0–2 km. • Almost every sampling point in the study area had pollution levels that were extremely low to low.

A novel soil quality assessment method for sustainable soil management and enhancing crop productivity in tribal areas of central India

Soil quality degradation is a major threat to any agricultural production system. Therefore periodical monitoring of soil quality status is inevitable for sustainable management of agricultural production systems. Though there are various methods available to assess the soil quality, simple and management oriented methods are necessary. The current investigation aimed to evaluate soil quality of tribal areas of central India adopting minimum dataset of 15 soil physical, chemical and biological parameters. A novel scoring technique was followed to score soil quality indicators based on its relation with crop yield, degree of variation and percent deficiency. Relative soil quality index (RSQI) was calculated and was correlated with crop productivity. Most of the soils in the region had poor soil quality (77.2% in Jhabua, 85.4% in Alirajpur and 67.2% in Dhar) with low crop yield. The major constraints of crop production in these areas were low soil organic carbon (&lt;0.5%), available N (&lt;280 kg ha-1), S (&lt;10 mg kg-1), P (&lt;10 kg ha-1), Zn (&lt;0.5 mg kg-1), dehydogenase activity (10 ?g TPF g-1 24 h-1) and soil depth (&lt;1 m). Adopting sustainable management practices could improve soil quality and crop productivity. This new approach is simple and systematic; this principle can be easily adoptable to other locations, and principally focuses on management related and soil parameters that constraint to production and ecological functions.

Evaluation of Soil Quality and Maize Growth in Different Profiles of Reclaimed Land with Coal Gangue Filling

Reclaiming subsidence and waterlogged zones caused by coal mining to maintain food and feed supplies is an urgent issue in China. Utilizing coal gangue (CG) as a filling matrix to construct different profiles of reclaimed land in coal mining subsidence has downsides, e.g., due to its low conservative capability of water-fertilizer and crop yield, its lack of quantitative evaluation of soil quality, and its limiting factors of crop growth. Quantifying the soil quality by principal component analysis (PCA), obtaining key soil indicators, and a scoring system can clarify the influence of the profile structure on soil quality and limiting productive factors of soil and ascertain the optimal profile. Soil quality was evaluated by the minimum data set (MDS) of soil quality index (SQI) obtained by PCA in seven different profiles of reclaimed plots constructed in a field with maize planting experiments. The agronomic traits of maize were analyzed and compared. The result shows that the pH value contributed highest in surface SQI value. Maximal and minimal SQI value is 0.57 and 0.18, respectively, the variation of SQI between different profiles reveals it increases with the increase in thickness of overburdens and decreases with the increase in soil interlayer depth of reclaimed land. SQI based on MDS has a correlation coefficient of 0.4280 with maize yield and the same sequence with comprehensive growth of maize in reclaimed plots. Agronomic traits of maize are positively correlated with the nutrient index and SM of the surface soil, and negatively correlated with pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total salt content (TS). Choosing a thicker surface overburden and control pH of CG preceding filling can effectively augment soil quality and maize growth. This study provides the exploratory means and a scientific basis for the management and improvement of filling reclamation.