Road Network Evaluation Research Articles

Research on Urban Road Network Evaluation Based on Fractal Analysis

The structure of the urban road network affects the mode of urban development and the position of urban social and economic activities, families, and employment centers. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the supply inequality of urban road network and its impact on urban development so as to form a sustainable and fair urban development model in cities. Based on the fractal analysis, this paper seeks the evaluation index of urban road network layout and internal structure characteristics to guide the optimization and adjustment of the urban road network, which is of great significance for guiding urban land use, effectively utilizing geospatial space, and promoting sustainable urban development, and attempts to apply the fractal analysis concept to evaluate the urban road network in Harbin, China. It is found that there is a good relationship between the length of the urban road network and the build-up area. Therefore, fractal analysis is used to reasonably determine the spatial demand of incremental road networks, considering the impact of road network increase on development mode. This paper argues that fractal analysis is an auspicious tool for the evaluation of urban road networks, including solving the problem of supply inequality in urban road networks, which is very suitable for the gradual construction of road networks in urban situations, especially in the development environment of road networks with scarce resources.

Dynamic Path Planning Based on Service Level of Road Network

Vehicle–road coordination is an important application scenario in the sustainable development of urban transportation. In this scenario, by navigating the vehicles in the road network, the vehicles can run more smoothly in the city, reduce unnecessary detours and parking, and realize energy savings and emission reductions. Although vehicle–road coordination in a large area has not been fully realized, people’s travel is increasingly dependent on navigation. If the trips of most vehicles follow the same navigation suggestion in a short period of time, some sections in the given route of the navigation will bear excessive traffic load. In order to solve this potential problem, this paper relies on the vehicle–road collaboration scenario and combines the service level of the road network factors between vehicles to plan the travel path of the vehicle. This keeps the traffic load of each road section in the path at a reasonable level. Within the scope, considering the overall utilization of road resources and the efficiency of road network traffic, we established the road network evaluation index through the simulation comparison with the Dijkstra algorithm. Under the path planning method proposed in this paper, the total travel time of the vehicle is reduced by 23.4%, and the road network operation efficiency is improved by 6.6%, which proves that the method can be used. This method can effectively alleviate the load of the road network, improve operation efficiency, and finally achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction.

Planning Urban Internal Transport Based on Cell Phone Data

Based on cell phone data, mining residents’ travel characteristics and regional traffic connection characteristics has become an important technology for urban road traffic planning research. Based on cell phone data extracted from Wuxue City, this paper proposes an operability method for mining regional traffic contact intensity information based on cell phone data and an urban road network evaluation method. We analyze the travel characteristics of residents and the current situation of traffic connections between towns by constructing a planning road model of Wuxue city and find that the traffic connection of Wuxue city shows a spatial development pattern with Wuxue street as the intersection, one horizontal and one vertical, and the traffic accessibility gradually decreases from south to north. We analyze the spatial characteristics and problems of the planning of the road network in Wuxue and propose a modification plan. We verify the reasonableness of the modified plan by calculating traffic accessibility and road density. The research provides a new way to obtain spatio-temporal information about passenger flows by applying cell phone data to urban road planning.

Optimizing Financial Allocation for Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Munster’s Road Network Using the World Bank’s RONET Model

This paper applies the Road Network Evaluation Tools (RONET) model to assess the economic impacts of urban pavement maintenance and rehabilitation in the city of Munster, Germany. The city’s road network includes main roads, main access roads, residential roads, and paved areas for pedestrians, cyclists, and parking spaces. The specific traffic loads applied to Munster’s network demand several different pavement materials, structures, and intervention procedures. This study aims to support stakeholders’ decision-making by assessing current expenditures, network conditions, and country-specific data to determine the appropriate financial allocation for recurrent maintenance, periodic maintenance, rehabilitation, and new pavement construction. Six scenarios comprising distinct pavement structures and maintenance strategies are modeled in RONET to perform the analysis. The outcomes include the future deterioration of pavements under different maintenance scenarios, the current and projected asset value of the network, and the total costs (road agency costs + user costs) of the network to society, considering each scenario being applied over a 20-year evaluation period. The RONET model also provides the annual average cost of each maintenance procedure and the additional costs to society while using a budget scenario other than ‘Optimal.’ The results indicate that Munster’s current investment program is in line with the ‘Optimal’ budget scenario proposed by RONET. In addition, the model suggests that performing recurrent and periodic interventions is more cost-effective than neglecting the conservation of pavements for an extended period and endorsing more extensive interventions in the future, such as rehabilitation or reconstruction.

Exploring the resilience assessment framework of urban road network for sustainable cities

Urban space for new transportation facilities cannot meet the increasing traffic demand. Afterward, scholars gradually increased attention to the resilience evaluation of urban road networks. Therefore, we proposed a resilience assessment framework of the urban road networks, including the resilience performance index, the robustness index, and the recovery index. Then we simulated the cascading failure based on a nonlinear load-capacity model with two capacity control parameters: α and β. Results show that the intersection-based attack has the most significant impact on resilience, and resilience is positively correlated with the node degree of the attacked intersection. The increase of α and β could enhance the resilience, and the urban road network achieves the best resilience performance when α=0.3,β=0.5. Compared with the deliberate attack strategy, the resilience performance under the random attack strategy is more robust. This research can provide the foundation for optimizing urban road networks and multi-mode urban public transit networks.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Urban Road Network Resilience Facing Earthquakes

The road network’s transport capacity and traffic function will be directly reduced if urban roads are damaged by earthquakes. To effectively improve the resistance and recovery ability of urban road networks facing earthquake disasters, the establishment of an aseismic resilience evaluation method for the urban road network is the research goal. This paper’s novelty introduces the concept of engineering resilience into the aseismic performance evaluation of urban road networks. It reveals the internal influence principle of nodes and independent pathways on the aseismic resilience of the network. This paper’s significant contribution is to establish a reasonable and comprehensive urban road network aseismic resilience evaluation method. This method can realize the calculation of the aseismic resilience for the existing network, reconstruction network, and new network and propose the optimization, transformation, and layout for the network. The MATLAB program for the whole process calculation of aseismic resilience is developed. The overall network’s aseismic resilience is obtained by the sum of the product of the node importance and the average number of the reliable independent pathways.

Evaluation of Road Networks Based on Traffic Accidents in Erbil City

The traffic accidents threats humans live and its increases during the time. For this reason, this paper tries to analysis the traffic accidents by assessment of accident situations. Also, study the effect of road design elements and regulations coincide with case study in two methods applied first the five parameters individually tested. Then effective parameters tested together, correlation between accidents and the parameter, the roads and streets must design carefully and according to specifications and criteria. In this paper trying to indicate the weak points of road network and fixing this points to avoid them in the future. The ring road have a negative aspect because it extends the path and collecting local roads more than the straight paths. Also, restriction of sight distance occurs, the topographic of Erbil city is helpful in avoiding vertical curves, but the horizontal curves presented with concentric ring roads.

Macro-level road network evaluation by fuzzy signature rule bases

In our fast-growing world, we need to create increasingly efficient systems to ensure further growth and sustainability. This also applies to transportation, where a key limitation is the bottle-necks of road network capacity. To eliminate, or at least, to moderate these bottlenecks, they must first be localised. In this case study, a model is proposed to objectively identify the weak points of the road infrastructure in the Western Hungarian region, a typical part of the Hungarian road net-work, based on automated data input. This way, there is no need to visually analyse the road net-work on site, but it is possible to evaluate the available information and suggest efficient measures from the distance. The model is suitable for general application, meaning it can serve other regions or countries as well, and enables macro-level decision-makers to take steps to eliminate those weak points. A fuzzy signature rule base is applied by the authors, which systematically maps and models the various attributes of the road network. The model currently contains more than 20 independent variables as inputs, but they can be easily expanded or replaced if further inputs need to be included.

Comparison of service spheres of urban centers using wind rose and a note for road network evaluation

Comparison of service spheres of urban centers using wind rose and a note for road network evaluation

Internet of people enabled framework for evaluating performance loss and resilience of urban critical infrastructures

Critical infrastructures (CIs) such as road networks play a critical role in transporting affected people to hospitals and shelters during disasters. Timely evaluation of road networks’ performance loss and resilience enables emergency management agencies (EMAs) to make quick and optimized decisions on resource allocation to critical road segments and bridges. However, real-time monitoring of road network conditions has been recognized as a challenge during major natural disasters because the affected regions are often inaccessible. This research introduces the Internet of People (IoP) enabled framework to assess road network’s performance loss during disasters and proposes a performance loss rate to evaluate the road network resilience. The framework is illustrated by a case study of Hurricane Florence in Wilmington, North Caroline, USA. Through semantic analysis of road-related social media data, this study identifies the affected roads during the hurricane. To further evaluate the road network resilience, this research utilizes road network analysis to generate a service zone for each main hospital before and after the hurricane. The population-weighted travel time in each service zone are compared before and after the hurricane to indicate the degree of performance loss. The findings show that our IoP enabled framework can effectively support CI protection for building smart and resilient city environments.

Evaluating Road Networks Performance: Capacity Restraint Method

Traffic condition in Yogyakarta City faces growing volume each year. Meanwhile, the development of road is increasingly harder to expand due to limited availability of lands and funds. Therefore, evaluation of road networks is needed to avoid, reduce and eliminate traffic congestion in Yogyakarta. In this study, the authors aim to build road network model representing traffic condition in Yogykarta. Capacity restraint method is used for traffic assignment with the assistance of ZIN software. ZIN capability to model complex road networks is also assessed.

Connectivity evaluation of large road network by capacity-weighted eigenvector centrality analysis

The methods to evaluate the robustness of a network have been extensively studied. Such methods often require obtaining traffic equilibrium conditions or solving mathematical problems, and these methods can only be applied to a network of limited size. On the other hand, nowadays detail road network data can be downloaded freely, and such data may provide different insights on network robustness evaluation. This paper applies the capacity-weighted eigenvector centrality method to identify the strongly and weakly connected parts of large networks. The eigenvector centrality is one of the evaluation methods based on network topology with a small computational load. This method can be applied to directed networks and does not require their adjacency matrices to be symmetric. Several numerical examples showed that the capacity-weighted eigenvector centrality analysis can identify the strongly and weakly connected parts of the network, and it can be used to evaluate connectivity of network for robustness.

Statistical analysis of earthquake debris extent from wood-frame buildings and its use in road networks in Japan

Debris scattering is one of the main causes of road/street blockage after earthquakes in dense urban areas. Therefore, the evaluation of debris scattering is crucial for decision makers and for producing an effective emergency response. In this vein, this article presents the following: (1) statistical data concerning the debris extent of collapsed buildings caused by the 2016 Mw 7.0 Kumamoto earthquake in Japan; (2) an investigation of the factors influencing the extent of debris; (3) probability functions for the debris extent; and (4) applications in the evaluation of road networks. To accomplish these tasks, LiDAR data and aerial photos acquired before and after the mainshock (16 April 2016) were used. This valuable dataset gives us the opportunity to accurately quantify the relationship between the debris extent and the geometrical properties of buildings.

Application of Fractal Analysis in Evaluation of Urban Road Networks in small sized city of India: Case city of Karimnagar

Transport network structure affects the pattern of urban development and location of social, economic activities, household and employment centres in urban areas. It also affects accessibility and destination choice of travellers. Hence there is a need to evolve an approach for road network development policy for cities which takes into account inequity in road network supply and its impact on urban development through an interactive planning process to incrementally build road networks leading to a sustainable and equitable urban development pattern in the city. In this context fractal analysis offers an alternate approach for rational evaluation of road network system in urban areas.The present paper attempts to apply the concept of fractal analysis in evaluation of urban road networks for a small city Karimnagar city in the state of Telangana in South India. The study observed that there exists a good relation between the road network lengths and built-up area in the city and thereby using fractal analysis makes a case to rationally identify the requirements of incremental road network spatially taking into account the likely impact of road network augmentation on the development patterns. The paper concludes that fractal analysis is a great potential tool for road network evaluation including addressing the issue of inequity in supply of road networks within urban areas and it is very appropriate as an interactive planning tool to incrementally build road networks in urban situations particularly in developing environments where resources for such investments are scarce.

Statistical Analysis of Japan Wood Frame Building Earthquake Debris Extent and Its Use in Road Networks in Japan

Debris scattering is one of the main causes of road/street blockage after earthquakes in dense urban areas. Therefore, the evaluation of debris scattering is crucial for decision-makers and for producing an effective emergency response. In this vein, this paper presents the following: (1) Statistical data concerning the debris extent of collapsed buildings caused by the 2016 Mw 7.0 Kumamoto earthquake in Japan; (2) An investigation of the factors influencing the extent of debris; (3) Probability functions for debris extent; and (4) Applications in the evaluation of road networks. To accomplish these tasks, LiDAR data and aerial photos acquired before and after the mainshock (April 16, 2016) were used. This valuable dataset gives us the opportunity to accurately quantify the relationship between the debris extent and the geometrical properties of buildings.

Impact of CO2 Emissions on Low Volume Road Maintenance Policy: Case Study of Serbia

About 20% of the Serbian national road network has sections with low volume traffic. These sections are maintained in relatively poor condition since the maintenance budget is typically allocated to the road sections with most traffic. This paper aims to define the appropriate maintenance policy for keeping these sections in “optimal” condition. The traditional approach has been to consider as optimal the condition leading to the minimum sum of road agency costs and road user costs. However, currently there is an emphasis on including environmental cost (greenhouse gas emissions, in particular) into pavement management systems. This extends the concept of optimum by defining it as the maintenance policy leading to the minimum sum of (a) road agency costs, (b) road user costs, and (c) the cost to society of CO2 emissions. Three potential influencing factors are further analyzed: traffic loading, pavement structural number, and the initial condition of the road section. The World Bank’s Road Network Evaluation Tools (RONET) model was used to analyze the Serbian low volume road network and develop the optimal maintenance policy. The results show that the cost of CO2 emissions plays an important role in calculating the optimal policy, but unlike the high volume parts of the road network, in the case of low volume roads, a substantial part of total emissions is related to the production and placement of new pavement layers, rather than from vehicle emissions.

Az út és úthálózatok értékelése a hadszíntéri logisztikai felderítés végrehajtásakor

The article gives an overview of tasks that can be important for the evaluation of roads and road networks in theatre level logistic reconnaissance. After presenting the information gathering process in connection with general military reconnaissance,the author defines the tasks belonging to the theatre level logistic reconnaissance which can be part of the activities of an operational liaison and reconnaissance team. Examining the activity of teams who conduct logistic reconnaissance, it is conceived in the article, that these are still not worked out and it would be practical to edit a checklist that could help in conducting reconnaissance. Although, the reconnaissance of roads and road networks is only one of the subtasks that has to be conducted by the reconnaissance teams, it has importance because the transportation and movements of forces, means and materials can only be planned by designated supply and marching routes. The article contains a checklist in connection with roads and road networks which can be applied in conducting logistic reconnaissance.

Construction of heterogeneous road network and understanding and evaluation of evacuation routes focusing on villages.

Construction of heterogeneous road network and understanding and evaluation of evacuation routes focusing on villages.

Vehicle OD Matrix Acquisition and Dynamic Traffic Assignment Simulation Based on License Plate Data

In order to obtain the OD(Origin and Destination) matrix conveniently and accurately, the paper deals with the license plate data for time varying OD matrix between traffic crossroads by SPSS and Excel VBA, using vehicle trajectory tracking method to verify the reliability of the OD matrix. It provides an accurate and efficient OD investigation method for traffic planning and management department. Then, the obtained OD matrix is simulated by Vissim for dynamic traffic assignment study. It introduces the principle of dynamic traffic assignment based on Vissim, and combines the actual situation with Vissim platform to model actual road network and calibrate parameters. Finally, a network example result of the dynamic traffic assignment simulation is analyzed and evaluated. The overall delay of the overall network after DTA is reduced by 20%. The application of simulation results in road network evaluation and traffic planning management is also analyzed.

Road Network Evaluation from the Viewpoint of Fire Extinguishing, Fire Spread, and Evacuation to Plan Improvement of District Seismic Safety

Road Network Evaluation from the Viewpoint of Fire Extinguishing, Fire Spread, and Evacuation to Plan Improvement of District Seismic Safety