Evaluation Of Production Process Research Articles

Инновационные подходы к разработке организационно-технологической документации в транспортном строительстве

Purpose: To determine modern innovative composition of organizational-technological documentationat large transport facility construction. To hold the analysis of branch regulatory-technical documentation,relevant self-regulatory organization requirements. To define classification and specifics of the constructionof new types of large transport facilities which for, organizational-technological documentation is developed.To determine the relevance and practical applicability of documentation as a part of WPP (work productionprojects). To outline the basics of the preparation of transport facility construction organization which comprisesproduction-economic, technological and managerial infrastructure of contractor construction organizations,defines the system of relations between relevant subdivisions of general- and sub-contracting constructionalenterprises. Methods: Questionnaire and expert survey of engineering-technical workers of constructionalorganizations. Expert evaluation of production documentation, probabilistic modeling at the evaluation ofproduction processes, methods of multi-criteria evaluation of organizational-technological documentationvariants. Results: Main requirements to organizational-technological documentation composition for newtypes of modern transport construction facilities are formulated. Foundations for branch methodologicaldocuments on organizational-technological preparatory of work of contracting construction organizations havebeen developed. Practical significance: Efficiency improvement of large transport facility construction. Onthe basis of innovative organizational-technological solutions, prime cost of constructive-installing works isreduced and construction time is cut.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ROAD TRANSPORT IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Environmental impact assessment of road transport is a serious problem that needs an immediate solution. Intensive development of road transport is associated with an increase in anthropogenic load on the environment in the form of exhaust gases containing more than 200 pollutants, waste generation, pollution of water bodies and soils. This problem concerns not only the environmental assessment of the state of cities and settlements, but also the assessment of the state of intercity roads, roads passing through natural areas and protected areas. This problem is especially acute in industrially saturated centers and large cities of Ukraine. In this regard, the issues of improving methods for assessing the impact of vehicles on the environment are being actualized in order to find reserves for reducing the ecological and economic damage to the biosphere. Environmental impact assessments carried out in accordance with state legislation are components of the environmental assessment system. The paper shows that when assessing the environmental impact of road transport, the full life cycle of a motor vehicle should be taken into account. Therefore, the work conducted a study of the life cycle of a car from mining to utilization of a motor vehicle and assessed its impact on the environment. Evaluation of production processes and products for the full life cycle of a car is very difficult, as it is associated with the collection of information about many production processes taking place, including outside the enterprise. It should be noted that the information obtained when assessing a vehicle for the full life cycle allows us to invent ways to improve the design of the car and technological processes of its production, as well as reduce the negative impact on the environment. Therefore, the work identified the main parameters and factors influencing the environment of road transport. Possible mathematical models of the impact of road transport on the environment, in particular on the hydrosphere, are considered.

Additive Manufacturing of Spinal Braces: Evaluation of Production Process and Postural Stability in Patients with Scoliosis.

Spinal orthoses produced using additive manufacturing show great potential for obtaining patient-specific solutions in clinical applications, reducing manual operations, time consumption, and material waste. This study was conducted to evaluate the production process of spinal orthoses produced by additive manufacturing, and to test the effects of 3D-printed braces on postural stability in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and osteogenesis imperfecta. Ten patients were recruited consecutively and were asked to wear a spinal orthosis produced by additive manufacturing for 2 weeks. The four phases of the production process for each brace were evaluated separately on a scale from 0 (not acceptable) to 3 (optimal). Postural stability in the unbraced and the two braced conditions (3D-printed and conventional) was assessed using validated metrics obtained from a wearable inertial sensor. The production process was evaluated as good in four cases, acceptable in five cases, and not acceptable in one case, due to problems in the printing phase. No statistically significant differences were observed in any of the postural balance metrics between the 3D-printed and conventional brace. On the other hand, postural balance metrics improved significantly with both types of braces with respect to the unbraced condition. Spinal orthoses produced with an innovative production process based on digital scans, CAD, and 3D printing are valid alternatives to conventionally produced orthoses, providing equivalent postural stability.

Method for Evaluation and Application of Production Process Chain Complexity in Sewing Workshops considering Human Factor

Existing methods for evaluating manufacturing process chain complexity consider the number of machines, state of machines, number of parts, operation time, and processing sequence of parts. However, such evaluation methods ignore human factors. To consider human factors, human cognitive decision‐making process factors are considered in the complexity evaluation of production processes. Accordingly, a new objective evaluation method of the human factor complexity is proposed. In the proposed method, sewing operations are taken as an example, and the human factor complexity is classified into perceived and cognitive complexity. Information entropy is used to measure cognitive complexity according to the type and quantity of sewing workers’ cognitive activities. The results show that various methods have significant differences in the evaluation of the complexity level of the production process chain. Specifically, the calculation results of the proposed evaluation method are much greater than those of other methods. This indicates that human cognitive and perceived complexities account for a large proportion. Therefore, human factor complexity cannot be omitted.

Binary and Hybrid Work-Condition Maps for Interactive Exploration of Ergonomic Human Arm Postures.

Ergonomics of human workers is one of the key elements in design and evaluation of production processes. Human ergonomics have a major impact on productivity as well as chronic health risks incurred by inappropriate working postures and conditions. In this paper we propose a novel method for estimating and communicating the ergonomic work condition called Binary Work-Condition Map, which provides a visualized feedback about work conditions of different configurations of an arm. The map is of binary nature and is derived by imposing the desired thresholds on considered ergonomic and safety related criteria. Therefore, the suggested arm postures in the map guarantee that all considered criteria are satisfied. This eliminates the ambiguity compared to state-of-the-art maps that uses continuous scales derived from weighted sum of multiple ergonomics criteria. In addition, to combine the advantages of both the binary map and the continuous map, we additionally propose a Hybrid Work-Condition Map that rules out unsuitable workspace with the binary map approach and renders the suitable workspace with the continuous map approach. The proposed approach was tested in simulation for various tasks and conditions. In addition, we conducted subjective evaluation experiments to compare the proposed methods with the state-of-the art method regarding the usability. The results indicated that the binary map is simpler to use, while the hybrid map is a good tradeoff between the binary and the continuous map. In selecting the map, strong points of each map should be considered with respect to the requirements of a specific application and task.

Key Indicators of the Production Process in Global Environment

Research background: Globalization brings rapidly changing global environment and highly competitive environment which manufacturing companies force to fight not only for their place in the market, but also to use various management methods and, above all, measure and manage their business performance. In production companies, the basis for performance measurement and management is to monitor data from production process, which should help to obtain an up-to-date production overview and serves a basis for planning processes, and remuneration of employees or for evaluating the efficiency of resources and equipment. Purpose of the article: Many approaches and indicators companies use for this evaluation, including key performance indicators. The aim of the article is to design key indicators for the evaluation of production process and to create a model for reporting the results from the production process. Methods: The design of the production process evaluation has been creating on the analysis and evaluation of the primary survey and according to the methodologies of production process steps for the determination of key indicators from available secondary sources. The contribution brings the primary data collection of a recent survey conducted in manufacturing companies in the Czech Republic. Findings & Value added: The paper sets up internal evaluation indicators for businesses using the elementary principle based on evaluation of the Overall Equipment Effectiveness.

Data quality assessment for improved decision-making: a methodology for small and medium-sized enterprises

Abstract Industrial enterprises rely on prediction of market behavior, monitoring of performance measures, evaluation of production processes and other data analyses to support strategic and operational decisions. However, although an adequate data quality (DQ) is essential for any data analysis and several methodologies for DQ assessment exist, not all organizations consider DQ in decision-making processes. E.g., inaccurate and delayed data acquisition leads to imprecise master data and poor knowledge of machine utilization. While these aspects should influence production planning and control, current approaches to data evaluation are too complex to use them on a-day-to-day basis. In this paper, we propose a methodology that simplifies the execution of DQ evaluations and improves the understandability of its results. One of its main concerns is to make DQ assessment usable to small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). The approach takes selected, context related structured or semi-structured data as input and uses a set of generic test criteria applicable to different tasks and domains. It combines data and domain driven aspects and can be partly executed automated and without context specific domain knowledge. The results of the assessment can be summarized into quality dimensions and used for benchmarking. The methodology is validated using data from the enterprise resource planning (ERP) and manufacturing execution system (MES) of a sheet metal manufacturer covering a year of time. The particular application aims at calculating logistic key performance indicators. Based on these conditions, data requirements are defined and the available data is evaluated considering domain specific characteristics.

Use Bagging Algorithm to Improve Prediction Accuracy for Evaluation of Worker Performances at a Production Company

Many workers at the production department of Libyan Textile Company work with different performances. Plan of company management is paying the money according to the specific performance and quality requirements for each worker. Thus, it is important to predict the accurate evaluation of workers to extract the knowledge for management, how much money it will pay as salary and incentive. For example, if the evaluation is average, then management of the company will pay part of the salary. If the evaluation is good, then it will pay full salary, moreover, if the evaluation is excellent, then it will pay salary plus incentive percentage. Twelve variables with 121 instances for each variable collected to predict the evaluation of the process for each worker. Before starting classification, feature selection used to predict the influential variables which impact the evaluation process. Then, four algorithms of decision trees used to predict the output and extract the influential relationship between inputs and output. To make sure get the highest accuracy, ensemble algorithm (Bagging) used to deploy four algorithms of decision trees and predict the highest prediction result 99.16%. Standard errors for four algorithms were very small; this means that there is a strong relationship between inputs (7 variables) and output (Evaluation). The curve of (Receiver operating characteristics) for algorithms gave a high-level specificity and sensitivity, and Gain charts were very close to together. According to the results, management of the company should take a logic decision about the evaluation of production process and extract the important variables that impact the evaluation.

Operations and quality management for public service delivery improvement

Public service management reforms have not yet contributed to poverty eradication and generally socio-economic development of many African countries. The reforms suggested and implemented to date still prove to be weak in addressing the many challenges faced by the public service in delivering goods and services to the population. The failure of the current public service management calls for a consideration of business-driven approaches and practices that facilitate effectiveness, efficiency, competitiveness and flexibility in goods and services provision. The critical social theory methodology and the literature review technique described and raised awareness on service delivery chaos in South Africa. A public service reform that focuses on operations and quality management is one of the ways of improving and sustaining service delivery in South Africa. Operations management is an essential tool for the planning, execution, control, monitoring and evaluation of production processes. Quality management, in the other hand, is essential to ensure best quality of goods and services produced by the public service within acceptable time and available resources to meet or exceed people’s expectations. The operations and quality management framework proposed in this article is a potential alternative to the current service delivery crisis in South Africa.

Editorial

Editorial

Evaluation of Production Process and Prediction with Cumulative Curve.

Cumulative curve method is useful technique for the production process control and often used in the manufacturing systems. Cumulative curve, which is composed with the input amount of materials and the output amount of completions, shows the physical flow from the start time to the end time of the production. But the cumulative curve is difficult to formulate to the equation. This paper proposes the GM (1, 1) model for the analysis of cumulative curve. It shows methods to clarify the shape and property of several cumulative curves from the theoretical formula of the model, to utilize the parameter a and b of the model as the scale which evaluates the production rate and to predict cumulative curves. The inventory quantity and lead time are also obtained from the theoretical formula, when the value estimated in the GM (1, 1) model is applied to the GM (1, 2) model. In addition, these models are possible to applicate for daily management practice for the prediction equation.

Residual Stresses as Essential Criteria for the Evaluation of Production Processes

Each Individual phase of production process causes a thin layer on the workpiece surface, which is deformed and loaded with residual stresses. Two cases of residual stress following that were carried out in real industrial production are analyzed. Residual stresses were measured on a crankshaft journals after induction hardening and fine grinding with six different grinding parameters. The second case includes ressidual stress measurements on round bars for the production of coil springs. The residual stresses were measured after each phase of the production process. In both cases, stress measurements were used for the assessment of the suitability of the technological procedures.