Product Design Evaluation Research Articles

증강현실 환경에서 손 가림 해결을 위한 피부 색상 정보 획득

In tangible augmented reality (AR) environments, the user interacts with virtual objects by manipulating their physical counterparts, but he or she often encounters awkward situations in which his or her hands are occluded by the augmented virtual objects, which causes great difficulty in figuring out hand positions, and reduces both immersion and ease of interaction. To solve the problem of such hand occlusion, skin color information has been usefully exploited. In this paper, we propose an approach to simple and effective construction of a skin color map which is suitable for hand segmentation and tangible AR interaction. The basic idea used herein is to obtain hand images used in a target AR environment by simple image subtraction and to represent their color information by a convex polygonal map in the YCbCr color space. We experimentally found that the convex polygonal map is more accurate in representing skin color than a conventional rectangular map. After implementing a solution for resolving hand occlusion using the proposed skin color map construction, we showed its usefulness by applying it to virtual design evaluation of digital handheld products in a tangible AR environment.

A Literature Review of Using Eye Tracking Technology in Fashion and Product Design

Evaluation of fashion and product design has been one of the most prominent factors among designers and researchers. Unfortunately, they usually evaluate their design by self-report that is relatively subjective. Research using eye tracking technology has begun to lead a objective way in which where and when the participants look at. The present paper reviews some publications of eye tracking technology in fashion and product design, identifies directions for further research in this growing field.

DISEÑO Y EVALUACIÓN DE UNA PLANTA DE RECICLAJE DE ENVASES TETRA PAK A PEQUEÑA ESCALA

El estudio trata sobre el diseño y evaluación de una planta de reciclaje de envases tetra pak a pequeña escala. A partir de la información recopilada, se encontró la ingeniería básica de la planta, incluyendo los aspectos de: diseño del producto, diseño del proceso, diseño de equipos y evaluación económica; a fin de establecer la factibilidad técnica, económica y ambiental para su implementación.

Retraction: Towards Kansei Evaluation of African Product Design

Retraction: Towards Kansei Evaluation of African Product Design

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new Mannich products using ethyl ammonium nitrate as reusable ionic liquid

Solvent free and simple one-pot synthesis for three-component protocol has been used for efficient synthesis of new mannich products (HB7-B12) in excellent yields from heterocyclic aldehyde, phenol as uv absorbing material and various amide derivatives with using Ethyl ammonium nitrate ( reusable ionic liquid) as catalyst under 80 0 C temperature. All synthesized compounds were characterized by 1 H-NMR, 13 C NMR spectra and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity by using the agar dilution technique. Specially two compounds shows very good microbial activity as Shown by standard drugs, HB9 and HB10 compounds showed potential activity especially against E. Coli MTCC 443 (MIC =45-50 µg/mL) P. Aeruginosa MTCC 1688 (MIC =45-50 µg/mL) and S. Aureus MTCC 96 (MIC=45-50 µg/mL). All compounds HB7-12 shows very good activity but HB9 and HB10 compound shows excellent antifungal activity between 75-100 µg/mL which is most active rather than Greseofulvin. Antituberculosis activity of HB9 and HB10 compounds shows good activity 1 µg/mL using L. J. medium conventional Method.

基于可持续能源的低碳产品性能评价方法研究

在基于可持续能源的产品设计过程中，产品低碳设计对象具有大量的定性和定量相结合的复杂知识，而如何利用上述不完备信息实现基于可持续能源的产品低碳设计的方案评价问题，是当前面临的一个挑战。本文通过建立基于可持续能源的低碳产品设计评价决策体系框架，实现了面向设计目录的基于可持续能源的产品多目标加权模糊层次分析法的综合评价。该模型采用多目标加权模糊层次分析法将低碳产品设计阶段的大量模糊定性知识转化成定量数据，从而实现智能化评价。该模型主要包含了五个模块：评价项构造模块、评价项权重求解模块、综合评价模块、设计师选择模块以及知识库管理模块。实践证明：上述基于可持续能源的产品低碳性能评价方法能够有效地支持产品低碳设计与评价决策。 In the low-carbon design process of sustainable energy-based product, there are complex qualitative and quantitative knowledge and information in the design object of low-carbon product. It is a challenge to evaluate low-carbon design solutions in the sustainable energy-based low-carbon product design with the incomplete qualitative and quantitative information. This paper established sustainable energy-based product low-carbon design performance evaluation model for decision-making system based on design catalog. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation of the design catalog for sustainable energy-based products based on multi-objective weighted fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was achieved, through the establishment of a sustainable energy-based low-carbon product design evaluation decision framework. With multi-objective weighted fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy qualitative knowledge in low-carbon design will be transferred into quantitative data to realize intelligent evaluation. The model contains five modules: structure evaluation module, evaluation weight solution module, evaluation modules, select module and knowledge management module. It has proved that the above performance evaluation method of low-carbon product based on sustainable energy can effectively support product design and evaluation of low-carbon decisions.

Virtual assembly planning and assembly-oriented quantitative evaluation of product assemblability

Assembly motion navigation and assemblability evaluation play key roles in assembly design, assembly operation analysis, and assembly planning. The accurate positioning of parts and realistic simulation of the assembly process are the premise of the evaluation and optimization of product design. The product assemblability evaluation is needed during the initial design stage in order to identify potential assembly problems. This paper presents a motion navigation method based on force guidance, which achieves a realistic simulation of the assembly process. A novel approach to assemblability and assembly sequence analysis and evaluation is developed. The calculation methods of assembly force, contact force, and assembly torque under the influences of part properties, visual, and human factors etc. are given. Quantitative evaluation of component assemblability (CA) according to the assembly time and assembly trial times is developed. Then, from an overall perspective, a product assemblability (PA) evaluation system is established on the basis of assemblability of each component and the assembly sequence is optimized according to the PA evaluation results. This algorithm has been applied to a self-developed desktop virtual assembly prototype system. An example is illustrated, and the results prove that this algorithm provides a realistic and accurate assembly motion navigation in virtual space and gives a correct and appropriate quantitative evaluation of the product assemblability.

소형 마커를 이용한 손가락 터치 기반 감각형 증강현실 상호작용 방안

Various interaction techniques have been studied for providing the feeling of touch and improve immersion in augmented reality (AR) environments. Tangible AR interaction exploiting two types (product-type and pointer-type) of simple objects has earned great interest for cost-effective design evaluation of digital handheld products. When the sizes of markers attached to the objects are kept big to obtain better marker recognition, the pointer-type object frequently and significantly occludes the product-type object, which deteriorates natural visualization and level of immersion in an AR environment. In this paper, in order to overcome such problems, we propose tangible AR interaction using fingertip touch combined with small-sized markers. The proposed approach facilitates the use of convex polygons to recover the boundaries of AR markers which are partially occluded. It also properly enlarges the pattern area of each AR marker to reduce the sizes of AR markers without sacrificing the quality of marker detection. We empirically verified the quality of the proposed approach, and applied it in the process of design evaluation of digital products. From experimental results, we found that the approach is comparably accurate enough to be applied to the design evaluation process and tangible enough to provide a pseudo feeling of manipulating virtual products with human hands.

Customer preference oriented product design using AHP‐modified TOPSIS approach

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a multi‐criteria decision making (MCDM) approach to evaluate product design alternatives in respect to the customer requirements.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reports a systematic approach developed to concurrently satisfy the product requirements as well as the customer requirements. Mobile phone example has been elected to demonstrate the approach. Mobile product features and customer preferences data have been collected and analyzed to obtain the commonalities from the designer and customer perspective. Regression analysis has been carried out to establish the relationship between the product independent features with the dependent feature (Ex. Cost, Talk time). Based on the equations developed, different product configurations have been defined from the designer's point of view. Modified TOPSIS – a multi attribute decision making (MADM) method – has been employed to facilitate the most suitable product configuration selection based on the customer requirements.FindingsThe method facilitates design of the best product configuration that will maximize customer satisfaction with minimum cost.Originality/valueThe proposed methodology will provide a useful tool to the decision maker, which may help to eliminate the associated risks in the product design configuration that closely satisfy customer's expectations and product launching decision.

An Extended Fuzzy-AHP Approach for the Evaluation of Green Product Designs

Environmental concerns, from consumers, governments, and academics, have encouraged businesses to incorporate more environmentally conscious designs in their new product development. However, selection of the best green design is a decision-making process that is not easy to address. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a popular and comprehensive tool to accomplish the objective. Nevertheless, LCA is a time-consuming process that requires substantial resources and expertise. This research proposes an innovative approach to performing structured LCA in conjunction with the concept known as fuzzy analytical hierarchical process. In doing so, some of the disadvantages of LCA can be remedied and this provides a practical tool for performing LCA.

An Axiomatic Approach to Design for Sustainable End-of-Life: A Review of Literature

This paper aims to provide an insight to later researchers on the application of axiomatic design in the area of design for end-of-life (EOL) management. Among all life cycle stages of a product, design and development stage is the one that influences the later stages the most in terms of environmental impacts. In order to achieve sustainable product development, one of the considerations to be taken during the design stage is EOL management. EOL management process can be enhanced by utilizing a robust design method as well as an effective method for evaluating product design. Recent researches show that application of axiomatic design in the field of eco-design (especially design for EOL management) is still in a premature stage despite having a vast application area that covers the aspect of product design, manufacturing and supply chain management. Nonetheless, a case study published recently on eco-design using axiomatic approach has shown adequate feasibility and effectiveness. Therefore, design for sustainable EOL using axiomatic approach is worth further exploration.

Evaluation of Sustainability Performance of Product Design Element Concepts Using Analytic Hierarchy Process

ntegrating sustainable product design into the design process has been acknowledged nowadays by many companies for producing sustainable products. The integration should be implemented during the early stage of product development process so that the sustainability of the product can be evaluated before manufacturing the product. Although a number of studies have been conducted on the integration in many aspects along with many approaches, evaluation of the sustainability of the product during its total life-cycle while it is being designed has not been comprehensively investigated. In this paper, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to evaluate product design element concept during conceptual design stage by providing a weightage of sustainability metrics throughout the total life-cycle of product and finalize the preferred product design configuration by selecting the highest sustainability index of the design element concept. The approach is useful for product designers to design many concepts of product design elements and then to select the most likely sustainable design element to configure in one complete product. An example of an armed chair is used to demonstrate this approach.

Study on Product Design Evaluation Based on Customer Demands Mapping by AHP and Information Entropy

Customer demands play a very important role in the evaluation and decision of product design scheme. This paper introduces a method for converting customer demands knowledge into product configuration knowledge, and applies this method to evaluate product design scheme. The importance degree of customer demands was analyzed through analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and prior weight of was calculated. Then prior weight was combined with revised weight, which was gained by the entropy theory. In this way, the result avoids the disadvantage of AHP of over-subjective and the disadvantage of entropy method of absolute impersonal without the support of experts. The method optimized the weight of each product design evaluation index and truly reflected the customer demands. Finally, an example of stroller design was given to verify the feasibility and advantages of the method. Copyright 2013 International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology is the property of Advanced Institute of Convergence Information Technology Language: en

Integration of eco-design tools into the development of eco-lighting products

Abstract Lighting products are widely used nowadays; however, their environmental impact is considerable and should be reduced. In order to contribute to the reduction, a novel eco-lighting product has been developed. The product has a number of eco-features, such as using LED as its lighting source and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) material for its casing. Different eco-design tools were integrated into the design process, to significantly reduce the product's environmental impact. In this paper, the eco-design tools are introduced first, including databases, prescriptive tools, and analytical tools; then a detailed presentation is given to show how the tools were integrated in the product design specification, conceptual design, detail design and evaluation. A prototype of the product has been tested and compared with an existing LED lighting product of the same category, which was designed not following an eco-design method. The test and comparison results show that the new eco-lighting product performs the required functions with less environmental impact than the existing lighting product.

An Approach to Evaluating Product Design Schemes Based on The Design Management with 2-Tuple Linguistic Information

An Approach to Evaluating Product Design Schemes Based on The Design Management with 2-Tuple Linguistic Information

Retraction: Towards Kansei Evaluation of African Product Design

Retraction: Towards Kansei Evaluation of African Product Design

Evaluation of an assistive technology product design using a paired comparisons method within a mixed methods approach: a case study evaluating preferences for four types of cutlery with 34 upper limb impaired participants

The purpose of the study was the assessment of preferences for four types of assistive technology (AT) domestic cutlery with 24 female and 10 male participants who had a range of upper limb impairments. A mixed-methods methodology, that included a paired comparisons analysis, was used to inform product development. Qualitative and quantitative data collected at the time provided triangulation of cohort preferences and insight into the reasoning of the participants. The results indicate that a high friction surface on AT cutlery handles is useful for all upper limb impaired users; however, the unconventional shapes of the Caring Cutlery better match the grip patterns generated by those with arthritis. Conventionally shaped handles are favoured by those who generate conventional grip patterns. Statistical analysis of the paired comparisons results indicated a clear preference for the Caring Cutlery by those with arthritis. The Etan Cutlery set was favoured by those using one hand that predominantly had hemiplegia following a stroke. The paired comparisons method was used as part of a mixed methodology that was considered to be cost effective. The authors concluded that the methodology was useful to help validate a new inclusive/universal product design when the desired attributes are not accurately known.Implications for RehabilitationAn insight into the preferences of a UK population who have upper limb impairment affecting the use of assistive technology (AT) cutleryGeneric heuristics to optimize AT cutlery describedA more effective methodology for AT product evaluationA more robust basis for AT product design and development decision-making

Evaluation Model for Product Green Design Based on Active Remanufacturing

In order to optimize product design, to improve product manufacturability, to resolve the status of current production’s passive remanufacturing, this paper proposed the concept of active remanufacturing design oriented to product green design. The improved model of active remanufacturing product design was established and divided into four stages which are product remanufacturability analysis, optimization design, design parameter feedback and remanufacturability evaluation. Through the establishment of product design green system analysis and evaluation model, a design thought was proposed to evaluated design scheme comprehensively and select a preferable remanufacturing of green products. Finally, the model's validity and practicability are validated by the example of a new design of NC machine tool.

Product Evaluation in Stages Based on Robust Design

Based on the study and analysis of product design evaluation, structure model of product evaluation in stages based on robust design is presented, and the key technologies are studied. Robust design aims to develop a product that satisfies design requirements while ensuring minimal effects of environmental variability on product performance. The different methods of robust design are applied in product evaluate according to design stage characteristics. Based on mechanical transmission design, a design evaluation system is implemented with the computer. The system is help for concurrent product development in whole life cycle.

Modelling component reliability using warranty data

Accelerated testing is often used to gauge the reliability of a product before it is released to the market. Warranty data provide valuable additional information about the reliability of a product and its constituent components via field data. In this study, warranty data provided by an Australian automobile manufacturer is used. This article considers the need to clean the data before commencing any analysis. It discusses the distribution of warranty claims and the use of warranty data to model the reliability of elemental components of an automobile. Various model options are considered before suitable modelling is adopted. The reality of modelling the reliability of a vehicle containing a large number of components is considered and a suitable method is adopted. Verification of the reliability modelling is made by comparing an estimated warranty cost with the actual cost. References Blischke, W. R., Karim, M. R. and Murthy, D. N. P. Warranty Data Collection and Analysis. Springer, London, 2011. Blischke, W. R. and Murthy, D. N. P. Warranty Cost Analysis. Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, 1994. Blischke, W. R. and Murthy, D. N. P. Reliability: Modelling, Prediction, and Optimisation. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2000. Campean, I. F. and Brunson, D. Reliability modelling using warranty data. International Conference on Statistics and Analytical Methods in Automotive Engineering. IMechE Conference Transactions 2002, 225--236. Cox, D. R. Renewal Theory. Chapman and Hall, New York, 1982. Cox, D. R. and Oakes, D. Analysis of Survival Data. Chapman and Hall, London, 1984. Hill, V. L. and Blischke, W. R. An assessment of alternative models in warranty analysis. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, 8, 1987, 33--55. Iskandar, B. P. and Blischke, W. R. Reliability and Warranty Analysis of a Motorcycle Based on Claims Data. In Case Studies in Reliability and Maintenance (eds W. R. Blischke and D. N. P. Murthy.) John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2003, 623--656. doi:10.1002/0471393002.ch27 Lawless, J. F. Statistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1982. Lawless, J. F., Hu, J. and Cao, J. Methods for the estimation of failure distributions and rates from automobile warranty data. Lifetime Data Analysis, 1, 1995, 227--240. Lu, M. Automotive reliability prediction based on early field failure warranty data. Quality And Reliability Engineering International, 14, 1998, 103--108. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1638(199803/04)14:2<103::AID-QRE147>3.0.CO;2-5 Majeske, K. D. Evaluating product and process design changes with warranty data. International Journal of Production Economics, 50, 1997, 79--89. doi:10.1016/S0925-5273(97)00034-0 Majeske, K. D. and Herrin, G. D. Determining the warranty benefits for automobile design changes. Proceedings Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 1998, 94--99. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs\protect \global \let \OT1\textunderscore \unhbox \voidb@x \kern .06em\vbox {\hrule width.3em}\OT1\textunderscore all.jsp?arnumber=653636andtag=1 Nelson, W. Applied Life Data Analysis. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1982. Rai, B. and Singh, N. Hazard rate estimation from incomplete and unclean warranty data. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 81, 2003, 79--92. doi:10.1016/S0951-8320(03)00083-8 Singh, N. and Rai, B. K. Reliability Analysis and Prediction with Warranty Data: Issues, Strategies, and Methods. CRC Press, 2009. doi:10.1201/9781439803264 Summit, R. Estimating the reliability model parameters through a simulation of warranty claims: How much data is needed? ANZIAM Journal, 53, 2011. http://journal.austms.org.au/ojs/index.php/ANZIAMJ/article/view/5114 Tijms, H. C. Stochastic Models: An Algorithmic Approach. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1994. Xie, M. On the Solution of Renewal-Type Integral Equations. Communications in Statistics, 18, 1989, 281--293. doi:10.1080/03610918908812760