Evaluation Plan Research Articles

The treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia chronic phase combined with myelofibrosis with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A Chinese population-based study.

e18524 Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of hematological malignancy characterized by the excessive proliferation of myeloid cells. Studies have shown that the presence of MF in CML patients has been associated with TFR. Identifying and assessing MF in CML patients at the time of diagnosis can provide valuable information for treatment planning and prognostic evaluation. Methods: The study enrolled 1757 CML-CP patients with pathological results of bone marrow biopsy. Patients with incomplete information from laboratory tests and medical records were excluded. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. CML was diagnosed according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) 2023 version. Results: Patients with MF were found to be older (p<0.001) and had higher leukocyte (p<0.001) and platelet counts (p<0.001). They were also more likely to experience anemia (p<0.001), splenomegaly (p<0.001), patients with myelofibrosis had a higher percentage of eosinophils (p<0.001) and basophils (p<0.001) and had a higher proportion of peripheral blood blast cells (p<0.001) compared to patients without myelofibrosis. However, there was no significant difference in the male-to-female ratio between the two groups (p=0.690). Patients with MF were more unlikely to achieve certain treatment milestones, including a 3-month early molecular response (3M-EMR) (p<0.001), 6-month BCR-ABLIS ≤ 1% (p<0.001), and 12-month major molecular response (12M-MMR) (p<0.001). The proportion of medium/high-risk patients, as determined by Sokal score (p<0.001), Hasford score (p<0.001), ELTS score (p<0.001), and EUTOS score (p=0.002), was significantly increased in patients with MF (Table 1). Patients with MF had lower OS and PFS compared to patients without MF, indicating a potentially worse prognosis for those with MF. Patients with MF 10-year cumulative incidences of imatinib-therapy failure (p<0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the treatment failure rate with different second-generation TKIs (p=0.222). CML-CP patients with MF who were treated with different TKIs were found that second-generation TKIs were more likely to achieve a 3-month EMR(p=0.009), 6-month BCR-ABLIS ≤ 1% (p=0.019), and 12-month MMR(p=0.015) compared to imatinib. Conclusions: Based on the available data, the results suggest that MF is indeed a poor prognostic factor for patients with CML. This finding highlights the importance of considering MF as a factor in assessing the outlook for CML patients. These findings indicate that second-generation TKIs are more effective in achieving molecular responses compared to imatinib, particularly in the context of myelofibrosis.

Does electronic data collection perform better than paper-based data collection in health research fieldwork? A participatory action research in Zanzibar

IntroductionTechnological advancement in low-resource settings is opening the gateway to implementation of electronic data collection methods that improve data quality. We examined the concerns to use electronic data collection tool...

PELATIHAN MENDELEY UNTUK MENGELOLA REFERENSI KARYA TULIS BAGI MAHASISWA UKIP

The objectives of Mendeley training for UKiP students are: 1) Train students in creating quotations and bibliography using reference managers; 2) Improve students' writing skills with correct quotations and bibliography; and 3) Improving the quality of student theses. Based on the problems above, the author is interested in providing training to students regarding the use of the Mendeley application in preparing their thesis. The methods used are the planning stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage, adjusted to the facilities the students have. As the purpose of the activity was explained at the beginning. The conclusion of this activity provides the ability to use the Mendeley application as a reference manager in writing a thesis and improves the ability to quote and write a bibliography using a reference manager.

교사의 다문화교육과정 편성·운영·재구성을 제약하는 사항과 제약의 원인 연구

Objectives This study aims to investigate the types and causes of constraints that elementary, middle, and high school teachers experience while organizing, operating, and restructuring the multicultural curriculum. This study investigated trends of the constraints depending on each teacher’s approach to the multicultural curriculum, the opportunity to develop expertise, and the level of practice. this research analyzed the causes of major constraints by qualitative analysis. Methods Questions to be surveyed were developed based on the implications derived from the analysis of prior theories and previous studies. Afterward, a survey was conducted on 316 elementary, middle, and high school teachers for analysis. And then Written interviews were conducted with 11 teachers to examine the causes of the survey results. Results Regarding the first research question, the highest rate of responses was that all schools experienced re-strictions that limited other cultures to Korean style. And restrictions were different depending on the school level. Regarding the second research question, And restrictions were different depending on the teacher’s approach to the multicultural curriculum. Multicultural education experience and related work experience showed a positive correlation with the Education Support Office's guidelines. There was a negative correlation between the training time of the multicultural curriculum and the restriction that limited other cultures to the Korean style. About the third research question, it was examined that the constraints stemmed from school structural and contextual causes, respectively. Conclusions Through this study, first, it is necessary to provide training specialized in the multicultural curriculum but provide incentives for teachers to actively participate and provide practical content, practice cases, and teach-ing and learning materials to make the training more beneficial. Second, it was suggested that an institutional de-vice that can reflect the multicultural curriculum in the school education evaluation plan is needed.

Urgensi Manajemen Persuratan Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru Di Sekolah Mis Cendikia Insani Al-Washliyah

The urgency of correspondence management in improving teacher performance at the Mis Cendikia Insani Al Washliyah School is an important aspect that must be considered by school management. Effective mail management includes managing incoming and outgoing mail, as well as systematic well-organized document storage. With good correspondence management, important information can be conveyed in a timely and accurate manner, which ultimately supports improved teacher performance. In this context, efficient correspondence management allows teachers to focus on their main tasks, such as lesson planning, teaching implementation, and student evaluation, without being distracted by administrative problems. The use of information technology in correspondence management can also speed up the communication process and reduce the risk of errors or loss of important documents. This research highlights the importance of training and developing correspondence management skills for administrative staff and teachers at the Mis Cendikia Insani Al Washliyah School. With proper training, teachers and staff can better understand and implement an effective correspondence management system. Apart from that, this research also emphasizes the need for support from school management in providing adequate resources and infrastructure to support this system. Thus, improving correspondence management is expected to create a more organized and conducive work environment, which in turn will have a positive impact on teacher performance. Teachers who have easy and fast access to the necessary information and documents can focus more on professional development and improving the quality of teaching. Therefore, good correspondence management is not only an administrative necessity, but also a key factor in achieving higher educational goals at the Mis Cendikia Insani Al Washliyah School.

Pendamping Pembuatan Blogger Sebagai Media Pembelajaran di Era Digitalisasi Bagi Guru SMP Negeri 3 Satu Atap Kecamatan Secanggang

Many students at SMP Negeri 3 Satu Roof, Secanggang District, seem to be just playing around in learning Islamic religious education. There are even some students who don't like learning the History of Islamic Culture because the learning process is carried out in a monotonous manner. The presence of bloggers as a learning medium is one of the important media in the growth of information dissemination in the world, most people in the world can now use the internet for the information they want with Blogger making it easier for interactions between students as a medium for certain subject matter. The method for implementing community service at SMP Negeri 3 Satu Roof Secanggang is through the planning stages, implementation stages and evaluation stages. The results of implementing PkM are an effort to help teachers at SMP Negeri 3 Satu Roof, Secanggang District, understand, use and integrate digital technology into the learning process in the form of improving teacher technology skills, increasing learning creativity, forming a blogger-based learning community, increasing involvement students, increasing student academic achievement and improving school image.

EFL Students Develop Cognitive and Metacognitive Self-Regulated Writing Strategies Using Automated Feedback: A Case Study

This study investigated the impacts of automated feedback on EFL students’ development of cognitive and metacognitive self-regulated writing strategies, using ProWritingAid online tool. Data were collected from students enrolled in level one writing course at the College of Languages and Translation, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The results indicated significant impacts of automated feedback on students' self-regulated writing strategies, reflected in an overall mean score of (3.75 ± 0.69).Findings after using automated feedback showed participants’ development of cognitive strategies, including language usage (e.g., grammar, spelling, punctuation), which reached 73%. The cognitive strategies of writing revision, encompassing revise cohesiveness and connection among sentences, reached 70%. Participants’ development of metacognitive strategies, including idea planning and goal-oriented monitoring and evaluation, reached 75% and 77%, respectively. The results also indicated significant impacts of automated feedback on motivational and social strategies, with scores of 87% and 80%, respectively. Comparing participants’ written assignment scores before and after using automated feedback, the results showed a 62% improvement in performance among low-proficient students. One implication of the study is that, with the aid of automated feedback, EFL students have the abilities to autonomously improve their writing skills. The adoption of a self-regulated approach, within the utilization of automated feedback, significantly influences students' performance. These findings suggest that integrating automated feedback into the EFL curriculum and instruction can foster students' self-reliance and proficiency in writing.

Model construction and empirical of urban characteristic planning evaluation index system

With accelerated urbanisation, the importance of urban characteristic planning has become increasingly prominent. It has been a focus on how to conduct scientific urban characteristic planning evaluation to ensure high quality and sustainable development of urban characteristic planning. Therefore, this study proposed an urban characteristic planning evaluation index system based on support vector machine (SVM). The process uses hierarchical analysis to determine the relative weight values, calculates fuzzy values for indicators that cannot be directly and objectively evaluated and then introduces SVM for precise processing of interval data. The test results showed that the accuracy of the research method was 0.9760, 0.9600 and 0.9750 when taking the maximum bias value of 0.5 in the three datasets. The optimisation time of the research method for the parameters of the UCI (University of California Irvine) dataset remained within 650–750 ms. The evaluation results of the research method fit well with the expert evaluation results. The above results show that the research method has high data accuracy and operational efficiency in the evaluation of urban characteristic planning, which can make reasonable evaluation of urban characteristic planning. This method can provide reliable reference basis for government decision making.

An ontology‐based digital test and evaluation master plan (dTEMP) compliant with DoD policy

AbstractTest and evaluation (TE) planning is a critical part of systems engineering. However, it has not received as much attention from digital engineering efforts as early‐stage design and analysis. Digital engineering has the potential to reduce the risk and effort associated with TE, while leveraging existing digital capabilities to add value. One aspect in particular that may benefit from such attention is the Department of Defense's Test and Evaluation Master Plan (TEMP). The purpose of the TEMP is to identify the key processes with respect to the TE of a product, and to specify the roles and responsibilities of key personnel and organizations. Concerns have been raised regarding the document‐based nature of the TEMP and the increased risk and reduced reward that this entails. In this paper, we investigate the potential benefits of digitalizing the TEMP and outline an incremental approach for achieving this. We also present a set of ontologies, collectively known as the Digital TEMP (dTEMP), and investigate potential benefits and limitations by applying the dTEMP to an example test program.

A Study on Impact of Accounting Information system in Financial Performance

This research examines the connection between accounting data performance; the research uses statistical examination of financial statements and key performance indicators, while qualitative interviews with industry experts and stakeholders provide insights into the subjective aspects of accounting information utilization. The findings show a noteworthy association between the quality, timeliness, and pertinence of accounting information additionally financial performance metrics like profitability, liquidity, solvency, and shareholder value. Elements that impact the effectiveness of accounting data include regulatory frameworks, technological advancements, managerial competence, and organizational culture. The study emphasizes the importance of transparency, accuracy, and reliability in financial reporting practices, enhancing investor confidence, facilitating informed decision-making, and fostering sustainable growth. Accounting information is also crucial in risk management, strategic planning, and performance evaluation, highlighting its value as a strategic asset for organizations in today’s dynamic business environment. This study broadens our comprehension by providing a thorough grasp. of the interplay between accounting information and financial performance, offering valuable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers.

Matching the scales of planning and environmental risk: an evaluation of Community Wildfire Protection Plans in the western US

Theory predicts that effective environmental governance requires that the scales of management account for the scales of environmental processes. A good example is community wildfire protection planning. Plan boundaries that are too narrowly defined may miss sources of wildfire risk originating at larger geographic scales whereas boundaries that are too broadly defined dilute resources. Although the concept of scale (mis)matches is widely discussed in literature on risk mitigation as well as environmental governance more generally, rarely has the concept been rigorously quantified. We introduce methods to address this limitation, and we apply our approach to assess scale matching among Community Wildfire Protection Plans (CWPPs) in the western US. Our approach compares two metrics: (1) the proportion of risk sources encompassed by planning jurisdictions (sensitivity) and (2) the proportion of area in planning jurisdictions in which risk can originate (precision). Using data from 852 CWPPs and a published library of 54 million simulated wildfires, we demonstrate a trade-off between sensitivity and precision. Our analysis reveals that spatial scale match—the product of sensitivity and precision—has an n-shaped relationship with jurisdiction size and is maximal at approximately 500 km2. Bayesian multilevel models further suggest that functional scale match—via neighboring, nested, and overlapping planning jurisdictions—may compensate for low sensitivity. This study provides a rare instance of a quantitative framework to measure scale match in environmental planning and has broad implications for risk mitigation as well as in other environmental governance settings.

Evaluating the use of three-dimensional reconstruction visualization technology for precise laparoscopic resection in gastroesophageal junction cancer.

Laparoscopic gastrectomy for esophagogastric junction (EGJ) carcinoma enables the removal of the carcinoma at the junction between the stomach and esophagus while preserving the gastric function, thereby providing patients with better treatment outcomes and quality of life. Nonetheless, this surgical technique also presents some challenges and limitations. Therefore, three-dimensional reconstruction visualization technology (3D RVT) has been introduced into the procedure, providing doctors with more comprehensive and intuitive anatomical information that helps with surgical planning, navigation, and outcome evaluation. To discuss the application and advantages of 3D RVT in precise laparoscopic resection of EGJ carcinomas. Data were obtained from the electronic or paper-based medical records at The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2020 to June 2022. A total of 120 patients diagnosed with EGJ carcinoma were included in the study. Of these, 68 underwent laparoscopic resection after computed tomography (CT)-enhanced scanning and were categorized into the 2D group, whereas 52 underwent laparoscopic resection after CT-enhanced scanning and 3D RVT and were categorized into the 3D group. This study had two outcome measures: the deviation between tumor-related factors (such as maximum tumor diameter and infiltration length) in 3D RVT and clinical reality, and surgical outcome indicators (such as operative time, intraoperative blood loss, number of lymph node dissections, R0 resection rate, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative gas discharge time, drainage tube removal time, and related complications) between the 2D and 3D groups. Among patients included in the 3D group, 27 had a maximum tumor diameter of less than 3 cm, whereas 25 had a diameter of 3 cm or more. In actual surgical observations, 24 had a diameter of less than 3 cm, whereas 28 had a diameter of 3 cm or more. The findings were consistent between the two methods (χ2 = 0.346, P = 0.556), with a kappa consistency coefficient of 0.808. With respect to infiltration length, in the 3D group, 23 patients had a length of less than 5 cm, whereas 29 had a length of 5 cm or more. In actual surgical observations, 20 cases had a length of less than 5 cm, whereas 32 had a length of 5 cm or more. The findings were consistent between the two methods (χ2 = 0.357, P = 0.550), with a kappa consistency coefficient of 0.486. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the maximum tumor diameter and infiltration length measured using 3D RVT were positively correlated with clinical observations during surgery (r = 0.814 and 0.490, both P < 0.05). The 3D group had a shorter operative time (157.02 ± 8.38 vs 183.16 ± 23.87), less intraoperative blood loss (83.65 ± 14.22 vs 110.94 ± 22.05), and higher number of lymph node dissections (28.98 ± 2.82 vs 23.56 ± 2.77) and R0 resection rate (80.77% vs 61.64%) than the 2D group. Furthermore, the 3D group had shorter hospital stay [8 (8, 9) vs 13 (14, 16)], time to gas passage [3 (3, 4) vs 4 (5, 5)], and drainage tube removal time [4 (4, 5) vs 6 (6, 7)] than the 2D group. The complication rate was lower in the 3D group (11.54%) than in the 2D group (26.47%) (χ2 = 4.106, P < 0.05). Using 3D RVT, doctors can gain a more comprehensive and intuitive understanding of the anatomy and related lesions of EGJ carcinomas, thus enabling more accurate surgical planning.

Mental Health Programs for the UK-Based LGBTQ Community Through Education and Employment Opportunities

Background: This study explores mental health programs designed for the LGBTQ community, focusing on education and employment opportunities as a way to improve mental wellbeing. Methods: This Systemic Review evaluate existing mental health programs for LGBTQ individuals in the UK. It consider factors such as economic disparities, social inequalities, and communication barriers faced by LGBTQ individuals. They will draw on demographic data and scholarly research to highlight the importance of inclusive education policies and job opportunities. Results: The evaluation plan outlined in this study emphasizes a research design incorporating observational methods and measurement of various factors, such as social behaviour, job satisfaction, and skill enhancement. The researchers will also involve relevant stakeholders, including government agencies and NGOs, for the successful implementation of these mental health programs. Conclusions: By prioritizing the needs of the LGBTQ community and collaboration among stakeholders, this study aims to contribute to the advancement of mental health initiatives that promote inclusivity and equity by maintaining equal opportunities.

Radiotherapy Plan Quality Assurance in NRG Oncology Trials for Brain and Head/Neck Cancers: An AI-Enhanced Knowledge-Based Approach.

The quality of radiation therapy (RT) treatment plans directly affects the outcomes of clinical trials. KBP solutions have been utilized in RT plan quality assurance (QA). In this study, we evaluated the quality of RT plans for brain and head/neck cancers enrolled in multi-institutional clinical trials utilizing a KBP approach. The evaluation was conducted on 203 glioblastoma (GBM) patients enrolled in NRG-BN001 and 70 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients enrolled in NRG-HN001. For each trial, fifty high-quality photon plans were utilized to build a KBP photon model. A KBP proton model was generated using intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plans generated on 50 patients originally treated with photon RT. These models were then applied to generate KBP plans for the remaining patients, which were compared against the submitted plans for quality evaluation, including in terms of protocol compliance, target coverage, and organ-at-risk (OAR) doses. RT plans generated by the KBP models were demonstrated to have superior quality compared to the submitted plans. KBP IMPT plans can decrease the variation of proton plan quality and could possibly be used as a tool for developing improved plans in the future. Additionally, the KBP tool proved to be an effective instrument for RT plan QA in multi-center clinical trials.

Automated glioblastoma patient classification using hypoxia levels measured through magnetic resonance images

IntroductionThe challenge of treating Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors is due to various mechanisms that make the tumor resistant to radiation therapy. One of these mechanisms is hypoxia, and therefore, determining the level of hypoxia can improve treatment planning and initial evaluation of its effectiveness in GBM. This study aimed to design an intelligent system to classify glioblastoma patients based on hypoxia levels obtained from magnetic resonance images with the help of an artificial neural network (ANN).Material and methodMR images and PET measurements were available for this study. MR images were downloaded from the Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) database to classify glioblastoma patients based on hypoxia. The images in this database were prepared from 27 patients with glioblastoma on T1W + Gd, T2W-FLAIR, and T2W. Our designed algorithm includes various parts of pre-processing, tumor segmentation, feature extraction from images, and matching these features with quantitative parameters related to hypoxia in PET images. The system’s performance is evaluated by categorizing glioblastoma patients based on hypoxia.ResultsThe results of classification with the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm were as follows: the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were obtained at 86.71, 85.99 and 83.17%, respectively. The best specificity was related to the T2W-EDEMA image with the tumor to blood ratio (TBR) as a hypoxia parameter. T1W-NECROSIS image with the TBR parameter also showed the highest sensitivity and accuracy.ConclusionThe results of the present study can be used in clinical procedures before treating glioblastoma patients. Among these treatment approaches, we can mention the radiotherapy treatment design and the prescription of effective drugs for the treatment of hypoxic tumors.

Protocol for the Support Application for Food PAntrieS trial: design, implementation, and evaluation plan for a digital application to promote healthy food access and support food pantry operations.

Food-insecure households commonly rely on food pantries to supplement their nutritional needs, a challenge that was underscored during the COVID-19 pandemic. Food pantries, and the food banks that supply them, face common challenges in meeting variable client volume and dietary needs under normal and emergency (e.g., pandemic, natural disaster) conditions. A scalable digital strategy that has the capacity to streamline the emergency food distribution system, while promoting healthy food options, managing volunteer recruitment and training, and connecting to emergency management systems in times of need, is urgently required. To address this gap, we are developing a working mobile application (app) called the Support Application for Food PAntrieS (SAFPAS) and will evaluate its feasibility and impact on food pantry staff preparedness, stocking, and client uptake of healthful foods and beverages in two urban United States settings. This paper describes the protocol for a randomized controlled trial of the SAFPAS mobile application. We will conduct formative research in Baltimore, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan to develop and refine the SAFPAS app and increase scalability potential to other urban settings. Then we will test the app in 20 food pantries in Baltimore randomized to intervention or comparison. The impact of the app will be evaluated at several levels of the emergency food system, including food pantry clients (n = 360), food pantry staff and volunteers (n = 100), food pantry stock, and city agencies such as the local food bank and Office of Emergency Management. The primary outcome of the SAFPAS trial is to improve the healthfulness of the foods received by food pantry clients, measured using the Food Assessment Scoring Tool (FAST). Post-trial, we will conduct additional formative research in Detroit to prepare the app for scale-up. We anticipate that SAFPAS will improve alignment in the supply and demand for healthy foods among food pantry clients, food pantries, and city agencies which supply food in Baltimore. Real-time, bidirectional communication between entities across the system allows for increased situational awareness at all levels during normal and emergency operations. By conducting formative research in Detroit, we hope to increase the scalability of the SAFPAS app to additional settings nationwide. NCT87654321. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05880004.

SOSIALISASI PEMBUATAN DETERJEN CAIR DI LINGKUNGAN ANGGOTA KOPERASI SUMBER REZEKI KOTA BINJAI

Empowering housewives as members of society and still being classified as productive workers is very important, aimed at increasing awareness and independence in business, as well as expanding employment opportunities to increase family income in an effort to achieve a happy and prosperous family. In this regard, this can be done through various alternative activities, including training in making liquid detergent. Soap is a commodity that cannot be separated from household needs. It can be said that part of the routine expenses for housewives each month is allocated to purchasing washing soap. The methods used in this community service activity are socialization, discussion and practice or demonstration regarding raw materials, work procedures and calculation of production costs for making liquid detergent. The training participants are members of the Sumber Rezeki Cooperative in Sumber Mulyo Rejo Village with a total of 20 training participants. This activity was carried out in Sumber Mulyo Rejo Village, Binjai City on February 24 2024. The evaluation plan for service activities is that the target number of training participants is achieved, the training objectives are achieved well, the planned material targets are achieved and the participants are able to understand the training material. The result of this training activity in making liquid detergent is that members of the Sumber Rezeki cooperative in Binjai city have knowledge of making liquid detergent and provide innovation to improve the economy.

Advances in 3D Inner Ear Reconstruction Software for Cochlear Implants: A Comprehensive Review.

Auditory impairment stands as a pervasive global issue, exerting significant effects on individuals' daily functioning and interpersonal engagements. Cochlear implants (CIs) have risen as a cutting-edge solution for severe to profound hearing loss, directly stimulating the auditory nerve with electrical signals. The success of CI procedures hinges on precise pre-operative planning and post-operative evaluation, highlighting the significance of advanced three-dimensional (3D) inner ear reconstruction software. Accurate pre-operative imaging is vital for identifying anatomical landmarks and assessing cochlear deformities. Tools like 3D Slicer, Amira and OTOPLAN provide detailed depictions of cochlear anatomy, aiding surgeons in simulating implantation scenarios and refining surgical approaches. Post-operative scans play a crucial role in detecting complications and ensuring CI longevity. Despite technological advancements, challenges such as standardization and optimization persist. This review explores the role of 3D inner ear reconstruction software in patient selection, surgical planning, and post-operative assessment, tracing its evolution and emphasizing features like image segmentation and virtual simulation. It addresses software limitations and proposes solutions, advocating for their integration into clinical practice. Ultimately, this review underscores the impact of 3D inner ear reconstruction software on cochlear implantation, connecting innovation with precision medicine.

Estimation of shale adsorption gas content based on machine learning algorithms

Shale gas is a clean and low-carbon natural gas resource. It mainly exists in both adsorbed and free states in pores and fractures. To accurately estimate the in-situ adsorption gas content (AGC), which is helpful in resource evaluation and development planning, methane isothermal adsorption data and geological parameters have been collected, such as total organic carbon (TOC) content, thermal maturity (Ro), siliceous mineral content (VQF), total clay content (VTC), water content (VWC), and temperature (T). Using machine learning (ML) methods, the in-situ AGC estimation models were constructed and optimized. Various geological factors affecting methane adsorption were evaluated, and an application was conducted in the Wufeng-Formation shale. The results reveal that the four ML models have higher accuracy in predicting Langmuir volume (VL) and Langmuir pressure (PL) than empirical formulas and linear regression models. Among the four ML models, the Random Forest Regression (RFR) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting Regression (XGBR) models perform the best, with R2 higher than 0.85. TOC and T are the main factors affecting methane adsorption, followed by Ro and VQF, while the importance of VTC and VWC is relatively low. According to different combinations of geological parameters, there are three schemes for ML model construction. Among them, scheme 1 based on all six geological parameters has the highest accuracy and is most beneficial to predicting AGC. Gradually reducing VWC, VTC, and VQF results in a slight decrease in accuracy, with R2 decreasing by at most about 6%, scheme 2 is suitable for rougher estimation of AGC. Further removal of T and Ro results in a significant decrease in accuracy, with R2 decreasing by up to 50% and MRE exceeding 30%, rendering scheme 3 unavailable for AGC prediction. The AGC of Wufeng-Longmaxi shale is successfully predicted based on XGBR model, with AGC mainly in 1.0 m3/ton-4.0 m3/ton. Overall, the ML models based on multiple geological parameters can simulate the real reservoir environment and achieve rapid and accurate estimation of in-situ AGC.

The degree of implementing STEM practices among mathematics teachers at the middle school level from the teachers’ and educational supervisors’ perspectives

The current quantitative study aims to examine the degree of implementation of STEM practices among middle school mathematics teachers from the teachers’ and educational supervisors’ perspectives. The study also seeks to identify the statistical significance between the responses of teachers and supervisors regarding the degree of implementing STEM practices. STEM is an acronym for the integrative approach among science, technology, engineering and mathematics. The study used a questionnaire that was built based on a four-level Likert scale as a tool for collecting data using the descriptive survey method. Sixty-four middle school mathematics teachers and seven educational supervisors of mathematics participated in the study that took place in Al-Ahsa Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Findings revealed that the participating teachers implemented STEM practices moderately in their classrooms in the main three domains which are lesson evaluation, lesson implementation and lesson planning, respectively. In addition, there are statistically significant differences between the participating teachers and supervisors regarding the degree of implementing the STEM practices in favor of the teachers. The study recommends dedicating sufficient funds for STEM education, creating creative STEM websites and labs and obtaining access to STEM resources and materials. It is concluded that there is a great need for preparing mathematics teachers to apply STEM practices in their classrooms.