Histomorphological Evaluation Research Articles

Evaluation of the effect of ozone olive oil and laser photobiomodulation on the tissue repair of traumatic ulcer on the rat tongue

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ozonized olive oil with or without laser photobiomodulation (LPBM) on the healing process of traumatic ulcers in rat tongues. Sixty male Wistar rats underwent tongue ulceration using a six-mm diameter punch. Animals were divided into four experimental groups: control-G1, LPBM-G2, Ozonized olive oil-G3, and LPBM + Ozonized olive oil-G4. Euthanasia was performed on days three, seven, and 14. Clinical analysis of the wound size and histomorphological evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red staining were conducted to identify edema, inflammatory infiltrates, fibroblastic cellularity, reepithelialization, and collagen characterization. Descriptive and exploratory analyses were performed using R and inferential statistics were calculated using Fisher’s exact tests, with a significance level of 5%. G2 and G3 positively modulated the repair phases clinically (p < 0.05) and histologically, showing reepithelialization, fibroblastic population, and thick collagen fiber deposition from the 3rd day of the experiment. G4 exhibited a significant difference from G1 in the clinical parameters (p < 0.05), but did not demonstrate superiority in histomorphological terms of tissue repair. Isolated use of LPBM and ozonized olive oil improved tissue repair in rat tongues.

Histomorphological scoring of murine colitis models: A practical guide for the evaluation of colitis and colitis-associated cancer

Background and aimsHistomorphology is a powerful and cost-efficient tool for evaluating inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a widespread condition with globally rising incidences, and a lot of research is done to better understand the pathogenesis of IBD and to identify potential therapeutic approaches. However, standardized and reproducible scores for the histomorphological evaluation of murine IBD models are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to develop an easy-to-use and reproducible score for standardized assessment of colitis and associated cancer models. MethodsIn this study, samples from three different colitis models with and without associated cancer formation were analyzed to develop a universal, robust, and reproducible score for the grading of murine colitis models using the following three parameters: 1. Extent of leucocyte infiltration, 2. Tissue damage, 3. Architectural disruption of the mucosa. ResultsA scoring system was established for different kinds of colitis models (genetically induced enterocolitis, genetically induced metabolic injury, and chemically induced colitis-associated cancer) and all stages of the disease, from mild inflammatory changes to severe inflammation with neoplastic changes as the extreme extent of IBD. The scoring scheme is easy to use, can easily be learned, and proves to have a high interrater reliability. ConclusionsWe propose a robust histological scoring system for the assessment of murine colitis and colitis-associated cancer models, giving more researchers access to conclusive and reliable histological assessment.

A case review of ductal carcinoma in situ in a bitch: histomorphological and immunohistochemical evaluations

A case review of ductal carcinoma in situ in a bitch: histomorphological and immunohistochemical evaluations

A cross-sectional study to correlate nuclear fixative properties of formal saline and clarke’s fluid for histomorphology evaluation of human tissues

Abstract Background: Formal saline is an extensively used cheapest and easily available tissue fixative. However, formalin has been proven to have carcinogenic effects. Clarke’s fluid is an alternative to formal saline and is effective in maintaining the morphological and cellular architecture. Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare the nuclear fixative properties of Clarke’s fluid and formal saline. Materials and Methods: The fresh human tissues of thin skin, large-sized arteries, lymph nodes, spleen, and ileum were obtained from the fresh cadaver. The tissues were fixed in two different fixatives namely 10% formalin and Clarke’s fluid. Then, the tissues were histologically processed. The hematoxylin and eosin-stained serial sections of tissues were graded based on the ease of microtomy, cytoplasmic, and nuclear staining scores. Results: The nuclear properties of all the tissues immersed in Clarke’s fluid showed a median score of 3 and Grade 2 for formal saline; cytoplasmic properties for spleen and skin were median scores of Grade 3 for Clarke’s fluid. The artery was graded 3 for both the fixatives. The Kruskal–Wallis test when applied to nuclear properties, cytoplasmic adequacy, and tissue shrinkage for tissues stained with Clarke’s fluid was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.01). This inferred that Clarke’s fluid is a better nuclear fixative than formal saline. Conclusion: The imminent risks associated with formal saline paved us to explore substitute fixatives, which could provide better results and safety for laboratory workers. Clarke’s fluid is an excellent substitute for formal saline as a nuclear fixative.

Rapid method for paraffin embedding of precision-cut liver slices

Precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) are tissue explants extensively used as an ex vivo model for metabolism and toxicity studies. When in vitro assays are conducted, it is imperative to perform a histomorphological evaluation as part of the viability analyses throughout the assay time. It is considered that good quality PCLS histological sections are difficult to obtain because they are hard to manipulate, and may shrink or fold during processing. Moreover, bibliography is not detailed on the embedding processes used. In this article, we propose an adjusted and rapid method for paraffin embedding of PCLS from crossbreed steers. Each PCLS was covered with a piece of gauze and placed into a histological cassette. These cassettes were submitted to a series of baths: 80 % ethanol for 10 min; 3 baths of 96 % ethanol for 10 min; 3 baths of butanol for 10 min; 1 bath of butanol-paraffin (1:1) for 20 min in a 60 °C laboratory oven; and 3 baths of paraffin for 20 min in a 60 °C laboratory oven. Folded paper boxes were used to produce paraffin blocks. It was possible to obtain complete sections with preserved cell morphology and no artifacts, and tissue appearance was similar to previous PCLS processed through the routine protocol, demonstrating the adequacy of the method implemented.

The galectin-3 inhibitor selvigaltin reduces liver inflammation and fibrosis in a high fat diet rabbit model of metabolic-associated steatohepatitis.

Galectin-3 is a pro-fibrotic β-galactoside binding lectin highly expressed in fibrotic liver and implicated in hepatic fibrosis. Selvigaltin (previously known as GB1211) is a novel orally active galectin-3 small molecule inhibitor that has high affinity for galectin-3 (human KD = 25nM; rabbit KD = 12nM) and high oral bioavailability in rabbits and man. In this study the efficacy of selvigaltin was investigated in a high fat diet (HFD) rabbit model of metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Male New Zealand White rabbits were individually caged under standard conditions in a temperature and humidity-controlled room on a 12h light/darkness cycle. After 1week of regular diet (RD), rabbits were randomly assigned for 8 or 12weeks to different groups: RD/vehicle, RD/selvigaltin, HFD (8weeks), HFD/vehicle and HFD/selvigaltin (0.3, 1.0, 5.0 or 30mg/kg selvigaltin with vehicle/selvigaltin p.o. dosed therapeutically q.d. 5days per week from week 9 or 12). Liver inflammation, steatosis, ballooning, and fibrosis was measured via blood metabolic markers, histomorphological evaluation [Oil Red O, Giemsa, Masson's trichome, picrosirius red (PSR) and second harmonic generation (SHG)], and mRNA and protein expression. Steatosis, inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis were all increased from RD to HFD/vehicle groups. Selvigaltin demonstrated target engagement by significantly decreasing galectin-3 levels in the liver as measured via immunohistochemistry and mRNA analysis. Selvigaltin dose-dependently reduced biomarkers of liver function (AST, ALT, bilirubin), inflammation (cells foci), and fibrosis (PSR, SHG), as well as decreasing the mRNA and protein expression of several key inflammation and fibrosis biomarkers (e.g., IL6, TGFβ3, SNAI2, collagen). Doses of 1.0 or 5.0mg/kg demonstrated consistent efficacy across most biological endpoints supporting the current clinical doses of selvigaltin being investigated in liver disease. Selvigaltin significantly reduced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in an HFD rabbit model of MASH following therapeutic dosing for 4 weeks in a dose-dependent manner. These data support the human selvigaltin dose of 100mg b.i.d. that has been shown to reduce key liver biomarkers during a clinical study in liver cirrhosis.

Effects of in utero delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure on fetal and infant musculoskeletal development in a preclinical nonhuman primate model.

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a major role in the maintenance of bodily homeostasis and adaptive response to external insults. It has been shown to regulate crucial physiological processes and behaviors, spanning nervous functions, anxiety, cognition, and pain sensation. Due to this broad activity, the ECS has been explored as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of select diseases. However, until there is a more comprehensive understanding of how ECS activation by exogenous and endogenous ligands manifests across disparate tissues and cells, discretion should be exercised. Previous work has investigated how endogenous cannabinoid signaling impacts skeletal muscle development and differentiation. However, the effects of activation of the ECS by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, the most psychoactive component of cannabis) on skeletal muscle development, particularly in utero, remain unclear. To address this research gap, we used a highly translational non-human primate model to examine the potential impact of chronic prenatal THC exposure on fetal and infant musculoskeletal development. RNA was isolated from the skeletal muscle and analyzed for differential gene expression using a Nanostring nCounter neuroinflammatory panel comprised of 770 genes. Histomorphological evaluation of muscle morphology and composition was also performed. Our findings suggest that while prenatal THC exposure had narrow overall effects on fetal and infant muscle development, the greatest impacts were observed within pathways related to inflammation and cytokine signaling, which suggest the potential for tissue damage and atrophy. This pilot study establishes feasibility to evaluate neuroinflammation due to prenatal THC exposure and provides rationale for follow-on studies that explore the longer-term implications and functional consequences encountered by offspring as they continue to mature.

Development and characterization of contraction-suppressed full-thickness skin wound model in rabbits

The wound healing process in rodents (rats and mice) and lagomorphs (rabbits) predominantly relies on wound contraction rather than re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation. As a result, existing laboratory animal models for wound healing often fail to mimic human wound healing mechanisms accurately. This study introduces a standardized rabbit model with superior translational potential for skin wound healing research. Two full-thickness dermal wounds were created on the posterior dorsal surface of each rabbit using a standard 2 ×2 cm² template. One of these wounds was randomly selected to be treated as a contraction-suppressed wound by applying a transparent adhesive elastic bandage. At the same time, the other was retained as a standard full-thickness wound. Wound contraction was measured on 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. Histomorphological evaluation was done on day 35 to evaluate the quality of wound healing. The findings indicate that transparent adhesive elastic bandage prolonged the wound healing time and suppressed wound contraction in rabbits. In addition, the healed contraction-suppressed full-thickness wounds had denser and thicker collagen fibers than the healed standard full-thickness wounds, indicating better collagen fiber deposition. Our model achieved a 100 % success rate in maintaining the transparent adhesive elastic bandage in the rabbits. Therefore, we have developed a simple, non-invasive, cost-effective method for preventing wound contraction. Further studies are required to establish the utility of this model for studying wound healing mechanisms and evaluating therapeutic interventions.

Histomorphological evaluation of thermal injury following palatoplasty performed with CO2 laser or LigaSure device in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome

The elongated soft palate is an abnormality that characterizes most brachycephalic dogs and contributes to the brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). Palatoplasty is routinely performed in brachycephalic dogs; several surgical techniques exist. The use of surgical instruments such as monopolar electrocoagulation, CO2 or diode laser, bipolar vessel sealing device and harmonic shears has become routine to reduce the operating time, the intraoperative risk of bleeding and the postoperative oedema. This prospective study aimed to compare the histomorphological effect of a CO2 laser and LigaSure device in palates of dogs undergoing palatoplasty. Twenty owned brachycephalic dogs were included, 10 palatoplasties were performed using CO2 laser and 10 using LigaSure™ device. The dogs were positioned in sternal recumbency. A transoral approach was performed: the elongated soft palate was grasped with Allis forceps and brought rostrally, the palatoplasty was performed using the tonsillar crypts as anatomical landmarks. Surgical specimens were routinely fixed in 10 % formalin. Two sections perpendicular to the surgical margins were trimmed from each sample, paraffin-embedded and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Tissue damage induced by the two types of surgical devices was graded (1–4, from minimal to severe) and the depth of thermal injury measured in μm on captured images (using an image analysis program - ImageJ). Mean values and standard deviations (SD) were calculated based on six measurements for each sample.The tissue damage was graded 3.7±0.48 in group LigaSure™ and 2.8±1 in group Laser. The mean depth of thermal injury was 874.94±184.92 μm in the LigaSure™ group and 451,76±137,86 μm in the Laser group. The comparison between the two groups showed significant lower grade and extension of thermal injury in the palate samples obtained with CO2 laser (p<0.05).Additionally, there is a lack of literature that correlates the histological changes with the clinical outcomes of the different palatoplasty methods in brachycephalic dogs. By comparing histological changes and clinical outcomes, we aim to provide valuable insights for optimizing the surgical approach for palatoplasty in brachycephalic dogs, ultimately improving postoperative outcomes for these patients.

Effect of various antioxidants on ovarian tissue vitrification success in sheep

BACKGROUND: Vitrification is a technique of cryopreservation that has been proposed as a promising alternative method for the preservation of oocytes, embryos and gonadal tissue. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of different antioxidants on post-thaw viability, morphology of retrieved oocytes and histology of vitrified ovarian tissue.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four different antioxidants [i.e., resveratrol (20 μM), ZnSO4 (500 μM), curcumin (25 μM) and quercetin (1 μM)] were evaluated after their addition to the vitrification and warming media for their effects on the viability and morphology of retrieved oocytes and the histology of vitrified ovarian tissue. RESULTS: The number of oocytes retrieved from ovarian tissue from the above mentioned antioxidants and vitrified control were 34, 41, 26, 31 and 46 respectively. Among these the number of viable oocytes were found to be 24 (70.6%), 30 (73.1%), 20 (76.9%), 26 (83.9%) and 33 (71.7%) and the number of oocytes found morphologically normal were 24 (70.6%), 26 (63.4%), 18 (69.2%), 21 (67.7%) and 34 (73.9%) for the above mentioned different antioxidants and vitrified control, respectively. Nonsignificant (P&gt;0.05) differences were found between different treatment groups. Histomorphological evaluation of the ovarian cortical tissue showed that the percentage of intact follicles was significantly (P≤0.05) higher in the fresh control (84.19±3.9) than in other groups. Non-significant differences were found between resveratrol (50.2±5.5), curcumin (48.7±5.7), quercetin (51.6±4.8) and the vitrified control (42.7±6.1) groups; however, the ZnSO4 supplemented group (23.1±8.54) differed significantly (P≤0.05) from other antioxidant groups but was non-significant (P&gt;0.05) with the vitrified control group (42.7±6.1). CONCLUSION: The addition of antioxidants resveratrol, curcumin and quercetin at these concentrations tended to non-significantly improve the follicular integrity after vitrification.

Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Povidone-Iodine in Wistar Rats Using Up-and-Down Procedure

This study was conducted to assess the acute oral toxicity of Povidone iodine in Wistar rats and determine its safety profile. The up and down method as per Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines using 15 adult male Wistar rats. They were randomly divided into three groups, given varying amounts of distilled water, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg to determine the median lethal dose (LD50). Clinical signs and mortality were observed for 48 hours and 14 days for immediate and delayed toxicity. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment for haematological and serum biochemical analysis for kidney and liver functions. Also, the kidney and liver were harvested, preserved, and processed for histomorphological evaluation. The result from this study indicates that Mortality (60 %) was observed in the group administered with 5000 mg/kg of PV-I within 3 h of administration. In contrast, the group served with 2000 mg/kg of PV-I, and the control remained viable up to 14 d of the experiment, the median lethal (LD50) dose of PV-I is less than 5000 mg/kg in Wistar rats. No significant (P&gt; 0.05) difference was observed in the haematological parameters and serum biochemical markers for the kidney and liver function tests between the treatment and the control group. Furthermore, a histomorphological examination of the kidneys and liver shows normal kidneys with slight hepatic necrosis in the group administered with 2000 mg/ kg BW of PV-I. In conclusion, PV-I is safe for Wistar rats in doses below 2000 mg/kg.

Histomorphological assessment of the germanium-doped calcium phosphate ceramics on reparative osteogenesis in rabbits with systemic osteoporosis

Bone fractures are mostly urgent in nature, complex in pathogenetic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, and reparative osteogenesis is multimodal and depends on the balanced and reciprocal interaction of many factors. The results of histological studies for osteoreplacement of bone defects in rabbits with systemic osteoporosis are presented. The purpose of the work is histomorphological evaluation of bone regenerates after osteoreplacement with germanium-doped hydroxyapatite ceramics in rabbits with secondary osteoporosis. Experimental osteoporosis in rabbits (n=18) was induced by administration of 0.4% dexamethasone solution. In animals of the experimental group, bone defects were replaced with granules of hydroxyapatite ceramics doped with germanium, and in animals of the control group, they healed under a blood clot. Histological sections were made on a rotary microtome with a thickness of 5 to 10 μm and stained with Weigert's iron hematoxylin and 1% alcohol-based eosin solution (manufactured by Diapath, Italy). On the 60th day of reparative osteogenesis in the animals of the experimental group, the site of the bone defect was flled with compact bone tissue with minor remnants of spongy bone tissue. Slightly expanded Haversian canals were noted. In the control group, the defect site was flled with coarse and spongy bone tissue. Bone beams of various thicknesses with a small number of osteoblasts and single walled osteocytes were visualized. A signifcant number of osteocyte lacunae were empty due to the process of osteocyte lysis. Haversian canals are signifcantly dilated with a small number of vessels. Also, lacunae of bone tissue resorption and acellular areas were observed on histological specimens. Histomorphological assessment of bone regenerates confrms the realization of osteoconductive, osteointegrative and osteoinductive properties of calcium-phosphate ceramics doped with germanium in conditions of osteoporotic fractures of tubular bones. Keywords: systemic osteoporosis, bone fractures, cancellous and compact bone tissue, histological sections, histomorphological changes, rabbits.

Evaluation of Ovarian Histomorphology and Function Following Clomiphene Citrate and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Administration in Wistar Rats

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), affecting 5-10% of women, is a leading cause of infertility affecting 10-15% of couples globally. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and clomiphene citrate (CC) are often utilized for the treatment of PCOS. Accordingly, this study explored the effects of CC and hCG on ovarian histomorphology and fertility parameters. Twenty adult female rats were divided into four groups as follows: Group A (control) received only feed and water; Group B received 0.7 mg/kg BW of CC twice daily for five days and was mated before sacrifice on day 19 (before litter); Group C received 0.7 mg/kg BW of CC twice daily for five days, followed by mating and allowed to litter before sacrifice; Group D received 0.7 mg/kg body weight (BW) of hCG on day one, followed by 0.7 mg/kg BW of CC twice daily for five days, and were mated before sacrifice on day 7 (before litter). Results showed that Group B rats had higher, more than other groups, Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Estradiol, Testosterone and Prolactin levels when compared to the control. Similarly, rats in Group B had higher levels of Progesterone while Group D had higher levels of Luteinizing hormone (LH) when compared to the control group. Histological findings demonstrated diverse impacts on ovarian structures, ranging from congested blood vessels to haemorrhages and follicular cysts. Consequently, this study underscores the complexities of drug interactions in reproductive health and provides preliminary insights into the possible adverse effects of CC and hCG on the ovary and fertility parameters.

Effects of immediate loading directionality on the mechanical sensing protein PIEZO1 expression and early-stage healing process of peri-implant bone

BackgroundThe reduced treatment time of dental implants with immediate loading protocol is an appealing solution for dentists and patients. However, there remains a significant risk of early peri-implant bone response following the placement of immediately loaded implants, and limited information is available regarding loading directions and the associated in vivo characteristics of peri-implant bone during the early stages. This study aimed to investigate the effects of immediate loading directionality on the expression of mechanical sensing protein PIEZO1 and the healing process of peri-implant bone in the early stage.MethodsThirty-two implants were inserted into the goat iliac crest models with 10 N static lateral immediate loading applied, followed by histological, histomorphological, immunohistochemical, X-ray microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy evaluations conducted after 10 days.ResultsFrom evaluations at the cellular, tissue, and organ levels, it was observed that the expression of mechanical sensing protein PIEZO1 in peri-implant bone was significantly higher in the compressive side compared to the tensile side. This finding coincided with trends observed in interfacial bone extracellular matrix (ECM) contact percentage, bone mass, and new bone formation.ConclusionsThis study provides a novel insight into the immediate loading directionality as a potential influence factor for dental implant treatments by demonstrating differential effects on the mechanical sensing protein PIEZO1 expression and related early-stage healing processes of peri-implant bone. Immediate loading directions serve as potential therapeutic influence factors for peri-implant bone during its early healing stage.

An injectable and coagulation-independent Tetra-PEG hydrogel bioadhesive for post-extraction hemostasis and alveolar bone regeneration

Effective control of post-extraction hemorrhage and alveolar bone resorption is critical for successful extraction socket treatment, which remains an unmet clinical challenge. Herein, an injectable Tetra-PEG hydrogel that possesses rapid gelation, firm tissue adhesion, high mechanical strength, suitable degradability, and excellent biocompatibility is developed as a sutureless and coagulation-independent bioadhesive for the management of extraction sockets. Our results demonstrate that the rapid and robust adhesive sealing of the extraction socket by the Tetra-PEG hydrogel can provide reliable protection for the underlying wound and stabilize blood clots to facilitate tissue healing. In vivo experiments using an anticoagulated rat tooth extraction model show that the hydrogel significantly outperformed clinically used cotton and gelatin sponge in hemostatic efficacy, wound closure, alveolar ridge preservation, and in situ alveolar bone regeneration. Histomorphological evaluations reveal the mechanisms for accelerated bone repair through suppressed long-term inflammation, elevated collagen deposition, higher osteoblast activity, and enhanced angiogenesis. Together, our study highlights the clinical potential of the developed injectable Tetra-PEG hydrogel for treating anticoagulant-related post-extraction hemorrhage and improving socket healing.

Modulation of macrophages by a phillyrin-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel promotes skin wound healing in mice

BackgroundImpaired wound healing in traumatic skin injuries remains a severe clinical challenge due to impaired re-vascularization, harmful bacteria infection, and inflammation dysregulation. Macrophages are recognized as prominent immune cells in tissue regeneration and wound healing. Consequently, the modulation of macrophages provides a promising therapeutic target for wound healing disorders. Here, we aimed to explore whether a novel constructed combination of thermosensitive hydrogel Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) and phillyrin (PH, the main active compound of forsythia suspensa) could improve skin wound healing. MethodsFirstly, the biological effects of pH on the phenotype and inflammation of macrophages were assessed by flow cytometry and ELISA. The biocompatibility of the PF-127 plus PH combination was investigated on keratinocytes and red blood cells. The biological effect of PF-127/PH hydrogel on the migratory ability of keratinocytes in vitro was evaluated using the scratch and transwell migration assays. In addition,S. aureusandE. coliwere employed to test the antibacterial properties of the PF-127 plus PH combination. Finally, PF-127 plus PH scaffold was appliedto the full-thickness skin defect in mice. Histomorphological evaluation and immunochemistry were performed to explore the wound-healing activity of PF-127/PH hydrogel. ResultsPH can promote the polarization of macrophages from the M1 (pro-inflammatory) phenotype to the M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype. The PF-127/PH hydrogel was highly biocompatible and showed a potent stimulative effect on the migration of keratinocytesin vitro. The combination of PF-127 and PH exerted a pronounced antibacterial activity onS. aureusandE. coli in vitro.PF-127/PH hydrogel potently accelerates the healing of full-thickness skin defects by promoting skin cell proliferation, accelerating angiogenesis, and inhibiting inflammation. ConclusionsOur study suggests that PF-127/PH hydrogel has excellent potential for treating traumatic skin defects.

Comprehensive study of ancient schwannoma: Exploring histomorphological diversity and diagnostic challenges.

Background: Ancient schwannoma is a rare subtype of schwannoma characterized by an extended duration of development and distinctive degenerative changes. These changes encompass relative loss of Antoni type A areas, perivascular hyalinization, hemorrhage, cystic necrosis, calcification, and the presence of atypical nuclei that can mimic sarcomatous pleomorphism. These histologic features often lead to diagnostic challenges, with ancient schwannomas frequently being misdiagnosed as malignant tumors. Objectives: This study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the histomorphological spectrum observed in ancient schwannoma. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 248 schwannoma cases received at our tertiary health centre, spanning the years 2017 to 2023. Among these cases, 25 were identified as ancient schwannoma. Extensive examination of degenerative changes was performed using hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin-embedded tissue sections under light microscopy. Results: Patient ages ranged from 22 to 82years, with a nearly equal distribution between genders (12 females and 13 males). Tumors were located in various anatomical sites including the forearm, brain, abdomen, retroperitoneum, intradural space, lumbar region, and pelvis. Tumor dimensions varied from 1.5 to 11cm. Histologically, most cases exhibited nuclear atypia, cystic changes, hemorrhage, and siderophages, along with perivascular hyalinization, myxoid change, calcification, and xanthomatous change. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the neural origin of these tumors. Conclusion: Recognition of the diverse spectrum of secondary changes, coupled with the presence of focal areas showing paucicellular and cellular spindle cell arrangements, is crucial for the accurate diagnosis of ancient schwannoma. This study underscores the importance of histomorphological evaluation in distinguishing these benign tumors from malignant counterparts, thereby guiding appropriate clinical management strategies.

Evaluation of Histomorphology and Spermatogenic Indices in Diabetic Rats Treated with Ferula assa-foetida L. Oleo Gum Resin Extract.

Evaluation of Histomorphology and Spermatogenic Indices in Diabetic Rats Treated with Ferula assa-foetida L. Oleo Gum Resin Extract.

A diagnostically challenging case of Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma involving the kidney clinically mimicking benign hypertension associated chronic kidney disease

Abstract Introduction/Objective Lymphomas involving the kidneys are under-recognized and often do not present clinically with signs and symptoms raising suspicion for a hematological malignancy. Worsening renal function may necessitate renal biopsy, but often the clinical picture may not warrant a biopsy. We herein present a case of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma involving the kidney clinically mimicking benign renal vascular disease associated chronic kidney disease. Methods/Case Report Elderly male with past medical history of stage 3 chronic kidney disease presumed to be due to benign hypertension and undergoing treatment for the same presented to his nephrologist for routine follow up. His renal parameters were stable, but his high blood pressure seemed to be difficult to control despite maximum medical intervention. Upon the patient’s request to know exact etiology of his kidney problem, a renal biopsy was performed. Histomorphological evaluation revealed multifocal areas of renal parenchymal infiltration by atypical lymphocytic aggregates with background renal parenchyma showing moderate arteriosclerosis, mild interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and no significant glomerulopathy. Further workup of the lymphoid aggregates led to the finding of a low grade CD5 negative, CD10 negative B-cell lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation. Molecular testing for final characterization revealed a MYD88 mutation, which along with the immunomorphological findings confirmed the diagnosis of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL). The patient was referred to hematology-oncology and was recommended to start chemotherapy due to renal involvement. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) n/a Conclusion In medical renal biopsies, lymphocytic infiltrates in areas of interstitial fibrosis are very common, and an atypical lymphocytic infiltrate can be easily overlooked. Pathologists evaluating these biopsies should have a high degree of suspicion for a hematological malignancy if they encounter atypical lymphocytic infiltrates in the renal parenchyma. Accurate diagnosis is essential, as renal lymphoma whether primary or metastatic, requires initiation of timely systemic chemotherapy.

Histopathological characteristics analysis of giant melanocytic naevi in children.

The major diagnostic criterion for the giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) is a size larger than 20 cm in diameter. However, the histopathological origin, pathogenesis, and GCMN progression are not yet completely clear. Unlike other medium or small superficial lesions, histomorphological evaluation is significant for GCMN pathological classification, malignant transformation assessment, and early detection of prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the pathological features of GCMN, including its satellite lesions. Twenty-three giant naevi and seventeen "satellite lesions" were collected from children aged 1 to 10 in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital from 2018 to 2020. A histological study was conducted to evaluate their histological appearance. All the data observed and recorded data were statistically analyzed. In 23 cases of GCMN primary nevus, nevus cells were mainly distributed in the dermal region, with melanocyte proliferation and the presence of nevus nests at the dermal-epidermal junction. However, in satellite nevus, a junctional growth pattern was noted. Additionally, other histopathologic features, including epidermal contour, cell morphology, and architecture disorder also showed significant differences between primary nevus and satellite nevus. We demonstrated that the congenital pattern of the main nevus is more obvious than one of the satellite nevus, suggesting that the satellite nevus and the main nevus may occur slightly later than the main nevus. "Satellite nevus" happens as a result of a separate genetic event.