Groundwater Potential Evaluation Research Articles

Integrated geophysical and geospatial techniques for surface and groundwater modeling

An integrated approach using geophysical and geospatial techniques was employed to model the surface and subsurface water-bearing strata and assess aquifer vulnerability in the Sehnsa town, Kotli district, State of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. The inadequate scientific studies in the hilly terrain with such complex geological conditions has led to the failure of the boreholes for groundwater extraction. For the evaluation of groundwater potential and subsurface lithology, 30 vertical electrical soundings (VES) stations utilizing the Schlumberger electrode configuration were completed, modeled and analyzed spatially. Numerous geoelectrical parameters like true resistivity, thickness of subsurface layers and Dar-Zarrouk parameters were evaluated. The subsurface lithology delineated comprised topsoil, clayey sand, sandstone, and boulder clays which closely resemble to the borehole lithologs available in the study area. The inversion model confirms the presence of patches of high-resistivity sandstone in the southwestern part of the study area with the maximum thickness of the aquifer up to 140 m. Most aquifers were classified as unconfined with Q–type resistivity curves. The protective overburden capacity of the aquifers is rated as poor at VES 1, 3–5, 8, 10–16, 18, 19, 22–25, 27 and 30 whereas the moderate category was found at VES 2, 9 and 20 and excellent at VES 7 and 28, respectively. Therefore, the VES stations with poor and moderate ratings of overburden protective capacity are vulnerable for surface contaminants. The aquifer recharge was associated with rainfall and partly from the Poonch River. The effective integration of geophysical and geospatial techniques in this study provides sufficient information about the regional water resources and gives a preliminary model that can facilitate efficient water resource management in the area. These approaches can be successfully applied to diverse geographical and hydrogeological sites due to their versatility and reliability.

Land use hierarchical mapping for delineation of groundwater potential zones in the Ba river basin using satellite imagery and GIS technology

Abstract The evaluation of groundwater potential is crucial for the best use and replenishment of groundwater resources, as well as for the appropriate growth and administration of a region. To study groundwater potential, it is necessary to analyze the factors that directly affect this resource. In addition to the criteria that contribute to the formation of groundwater, such as rainfall, land cover, geology, slope, etc., land use types and their infiltration capacity are also the main factors affecting the groundwater prospect. In recent years, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) have emerged as the most important technologies in the field of groundwater research, which aid in determining groundwater potential. This paper presents a method to generate the land use hierarchical map based on the level of impact on the formation of groundwater in the Ba river basin using GIS technology and remote sensing. According to the classification result, the three classes of groundwater potential zones including “low”, “moderate”, “high” occupy 1.51%, 77.43%, and 21.06% of the study area respectively. The findings can be validated with the actual groundwater level at some locations that are evenly distributed throughout the basin. The obtained results indicate that there is an agreement between groundwater potential levels at each actual location and those depicted on the land use hierarchical map. The methodology utilized in this study is reliable, accurate and can be used to generate hierarchical maps of additional parameters. This paper will be a useful document for groundwater potential zoning in the study area

Integrated remote sensing and geographic information system overlay analysis for groundwater potential evaluation using AHP and fuzzy AHP: Southern sections of the western Afar rift margin and associated rift floor

A persistent drought commonly affects the southern sections of the western Afar rift margin and the associated rift floor, leaving the populace concerned about their access to food. A comprehensive assessment and usage of the local groundwater resource is therefore essential to overcoming the ongoing drought and meeting the area's increasing demand for sustainable water. With the aid of RS, GIS, AHP, and Fuzzy AHP methods, this study aims to assess the area's groundwater potential. Lineament density, Geology,Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Recharge, Slope, Land Use and Land Cover, Soil, and Drainage Density were created using GIS and RS techniques and are the thematic layers taken into consideration for this purpose. The weight of these themes for their relative significance to groundwater occurrence was determined using AHP and Fuzzy AHP (FAHP). Lineament density is the primary factor influencing the presence of groundwater, followed by geology, TWI, and recharge. The Very low (221.48 km2), Low (9084.46 km2), Moderate (8281.96 km2), High (1441.65 km2), and Very High (102.45 km2) groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) were delineated using the GIS-overlay analysis technique. The validation of the groundwater potential zone map was completed using the well discharge, transmissivity, and specific capacity, and the scatter plot demonstrated a strong connection with R2 values of 0.81, 0.79, and 0.80, respectively. The sensitivity index (SI) shows that lineament density and geology, which have SI values of 2.08% and 1.74%, respectively, have the greatest influence on the distributions of groundwater potentiality in the catchment, while drainage density has the least influence, with a SI value of −0.89%. By ensuring sustainable management and development, the study's findings will help with decision-making for the long-term supply of groundwater. Additionally, the approach utilized in the study can be applied to other comparable arid to semiarid regions.

Terrain-based evaluation of groundwater potential and long-term monitoring at the catchment scale in Taiwan

Terrain-based evaluation of groundwater potential and long-term monitoring at the catchment scale in Taiwan

Evaluation of groundwater potential of Ogbomoso using stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) model

Evaluation of groundwater potential of Ogbomoso using stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) model

Enhancing groundwater potential zone mapping with a hybrid analytical method: The case of semiarid basin

Groundwater resource management is a critical component of sustainable water use, necessitating accurate and nuanced mapping of groundwater potential zones. This study analyzed the groundwater potential of Algeria's 43,750 km2 Chelif Basin (more than 17% of the area of Northern Algeria) using a combination of both subjective and objective mapping techniques. The adopted approaches encompass the benchmark analytical Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy-AHP) and the DEcision MAking Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) methodologies to quantify interdependencies of criteria related to groundwater potential. The analysis focused on ten criteria related to groundwater potential, including core moisture availability and key hydrological factors like distance to river, topographic wetness index, and hydrological soils. Fuzzy-AHP achieved slightly higher groundwater prospecting accuracy (AUC = 0.730) than classic AHP (0.716), with benchmarking against 15 related studies indicating robust performance. Instead of the most commonly used criteria in groundwater literature such as lineament, stream order, recharge rate, and drainage density, this study employed alternative factors to challenge and validate the efficacy of the proposed methodology. The decision to omit certain criteria facilitated a more focused and manageable analysis, yet still delivered a robust evaluation of groundwater potential in the studied area. Moreover, this approach underscores the adaptability of the proposed methodology to accommodate varying sets of criteria, tailored according to the availability of data and specific research objectives. Additionally, the DEMATEL evaluation reveals new insights into subtle prioritization divergences, specifically between domain specialist opinions and analytical assessments of the criteria. The integration of fuzzy logic and causal relationship mapping through DEMATEL provides a comprehensive and robust foundation for groundwater potential modeling.

Appraisal of lacustrine aquifer’s groundwater potentiality and its hydrogeological modelling in southeastern Peshawar, Pakistan: implications for environmental geology, and geotechnical engineering

The Peshawar Basin is a part of the lower Himalayas that contains an enormous amount of groundwater storage. The evaluation of groundwater potential in the southern Peshawar district was done using well logging, lithostratigraphic properties, and combined hydrogeological and geophysical techniques. A total of 13 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) profiles were utilised to assess potential groundwater zones for surface resistivity studies. The aquifer system was delineated by comparing the data from five boreholes with the VES findings. An exploration of super-saturated groundwater potential was conducted, utilising parameters such as transmissivity (T), hydraulic conductivity (K), storativity, and the Dar Zarrouk analysis. The Dar Zarrouk analysis yielded average values of transverse resistance (TR), longitudinal conductance (S), and anisotropy (λ), which were determined to be 8069.12, 0.51, and 0.561, respectively. Similarly, average values of transmissivity (T), hydraulic conductivity (K), and storativity were obtained, resulting in 28.67, 0.24, and 0.000177, respectively. The saturated confined layer, characterized by highly saturated zones, was identified to begin at a depth of approximately 119 m and extend down to the lower boundary of the aquifer. The examined aquifer is composed of clay, sand, gravel, boulders, and loose layers of lacustrine mud that are interlayered to form an unconsolidated groundwater aquifer system. The aquifers in the region are highly developed and consisted of unconfined, semi-confined, and confined aquifer systems. As a result, it is possible to use the aquifer for groundwater development in the study area because of its low -to-medium discharge.

Aquifer characterization and groundwater budget estimation of the Upper Mille River catchment, Lower Awash Basin, Ethiopia; an integrated approach for groundwater potential evaluation

Aquifer characterization and groundwater budget estimation of the Upper Mille River catchment, Lower Awash Basin, Ethiopia; an integrated approach for groundwater potential evaluation

Evaluation of groundwater potential using ANN-based mountain gazelle optimization: A framework to achieve SDGs in East El Oweinat, Egypt

Study regionA pilot case study in East El Oweinat (PCSEO), Egypt. Study focusAn artificial neural network (ANN)-based mountain gazelle optimization (MGO) model was applied to map groundwater potential zones (GWPZs). For this purpose, ten layers affecting groundwater occurrence were prepared and normalized against the groundwater drawdown (DD) map. All data was divided into 70:30 for training and testing. After that, sensitivity analysis was adopted to verify the relative importance (RI) of layers. The accuracy of GWPZs was checked using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and other statistical indicators. The model was finally applied to propose a sustainable strategy for groundwater exploration by implementing the integrated MODFLOW-USG and MGO framework. New hydrological insights for the regionOver 40% of the PCSEO revealed high to very high groundwater potential degrees and was situated mostly on the southwestern side. Sensitivity analysis revealed that GWPZs were significantly affected by groundwater table (GWT), well density (WD), and land use (LU). The results also indicated that the ANN-based MGO model performed well with an area under curve (AUC) of ∼ 90% compared to other conventional models. Additionally, the MODFLOW-USG-based MGO model gave a spatial distribution of optimal discharge and well-depth zones. This finding could significantly match SDGs relevant to ending poverty, affordable groundwater, and life on land.

Groundwater Potential Evaluation and Aquifer Characterization using Direct Current Resistivity Method in Wasinmi South-West Nigeria

The effectiveness in near-surface characterization makes geoelectrical resistivity techniques viable for groundwater exploration, geotechnical studies and environmental investigations. Geo-electric soundings were carried out in 25 different locations in Wasinmi, South-West Nigeria to acquire aquifer properties required for groundwater production of the study area using Direct Current Resistivity (DCRE) of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) utilizing AGI Super-sting Earth Resistivity meter with schlumberger configuration; current electrode spacing (AB) ranging from 1 to maximum of 100 m and the potential electrodes (MN) were consequently changed from 0.25 m to 5 m respectively. The simulated results of the 25 VES points reveal the presence of 3 to 4 geo-electric layers. The top layer comprises clay, sand, siltstone intercalations. Layers underneath the top soil are the Lithified Laterite, Clayey Sand, Clay/Shale, Sandy Clay and Limestone/Sandstone, Saturated, Sandstone Aquifer. The area is also characterized with relatively high depth to sandstone aquifer which varies from 20 m to 69.1 m. This can be attributed to the thick water saturated Shale/Clay and Clayey Sand in the area. However, at the extreme of North-Western part of the study area, depths to aquifer are far lower, with VES location VESWAS15 having a thickness of about 14.4 m. Aquifer thickness in the study area varied from 14.4m to 63.5m. VESWAS19 has the highest aquifer resistivity value (2473 Ωm) in the study area, with depth to aquifer of 69.1 m. The transmissivity varies between 0.17695×/s in VESWAS4 to 8.97654×/s in VESWAS13. This study further shows that aquifer resistivity values vary from 284 Ωm to 2473 Ωm with a range of 2189 with the resistivity values suggesting lithology in the suite of Sandy Clay, Sandstone and Karst Limestone found to be widespread in the study area with mean aquifer thickness value of 32.25 m and a variance of 124.63 m...

Remote sensing-based groundwater potential evaluation in a fractured-bedrock mountainous area

<abstract><p>Assessing the capacity of groundwater is essential for efficient water management. Regrettably, evaluating the potential of groundwater in regions with limited data accessibility, particularly in mountainous regions, presents significant challenges. In the Nan basin of Thailand, where there is a scarcity of groundwater well data, we utilized remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques for evaluating and determining the potential of groundwater resources. The analysis included seven hydrological factors, including elevation, drainage density, lineament density, land use and land cover, slope, soil moisture, and geology. The quantification of groundwater potential was conducted by the utilization of linear combination overlays, employing weights derived from two distinct methodologies: the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the frequency ratio (FR). Interestingly, it is noteworthy that both the FR and AHP approaches demonstrated a very comparable range of accuracy levels (0.89–1.00) when subjected to cross-validation using field data pertaining to groundwater levels. Although the FR technique has shown efficacy in situations when data is well-distributed, it displayed constraints in regions with less data, which could potentially result in misinterpretations. On the other hand, the AHP provided a more accurate assessment of the potential of groundwater by taking into account the relative importance of the criteria throughout the full geographical scope of the study. Moreover, the AHP has demonstrated its significance in the prioritization of parameters within the context of water resource management. This research contributes to the development of sustainable strategies for managing groundwater resources.</p></abstract>

A triangulation approach for groundwater potential evaluation using geospatial technology and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in Edo State, Nigeria

The quality and availability of groundwater resources are under extreme pressure as a result of growing urbanisation and population. The creation of lithological, structural, and geomorphological maps is made easier by satellite-based remote sensing data, notably at a regional level. This study uses the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and geoinformatics-based approaches to facilitate and analyse different layers of geographically influencing data to define groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) in Edo State, Nigeria. The generated GWPZ map was created by selecting and weighting eleven precisely defined variables (including rainfall, lineament density, geomorphology, slopes, drainage density, soil type, landuse/landcover, proximity to surface water bodies, geology, a digital elevation model, and land surface temperature) based on their effect on groundwater availability. The zones of groundwater potential were developed using a GIS that incorporated the regulating variables. Depending on the degree of groundwater accessibility within each, this was grouped into four classifications (high, moderate, low, and very low). Low to moderate levels were seen across the study area, with high GWPZ representing 18% (3135.0294 km2) of the total area but only found in the Edo-central and isolated portions of the Edo-south. However, a very small fraction (3%) of very low GWPZ was found in the study's northern region. The exactitude of the established GWPZ map was determined to be 81.25% utilising well yield data (m3/d) from sixteen strategically selected boreholes in the study location, which were used to validate the GWPZ map. The research has shown that the criteria that have been observed are what govern the asymmetric distribution of these groundwater potential zones. The study will aid in the creation and governance of groundwater sources by improving recharge techniques, particularly in very low and low groundwater potential zones.

Integrated electrical resistivity methods for evaluation of fracture terrain groundwater potentials, case study of indurated shale of Lower Benue trough, Southeastern Nigeria

The incessant borehole failure in the Abakaliki area suggests that the application of vertical electrical sounding (VES) in prospecting for groundwater within the fractured terrain is relatively inefficient. Therefore, this research aimed at using integrated resistivity methods (azimuthal resistivity survey (ARS) and VES) to defined the structures and porosity parameters in the area to overcome the lapses experienced in applying VES method alone. The data acquisition was done along four azimuthal angles (0°,45°, 90°, and 135°), adopting the Wenner electrode array expanded symmetrically about the center point in increments of 5, 7, 10, 14, 20, 28, 40, and 50 m, whereas VES data was acquired using routine Schlumberger array and the resistivity of the subsurface was recorded using resistivity meter. The data was processed with IPI2WIN™, INTERPEX™, GRAPHER™, and SURFER™, and interpretated with respect to the geology of the area. The data delineated the fractures based on mean resistivity contrast. The fractures strike within the area are NW-SE, NE-SW and N–S, E-W (37.07%, 33.33%, 18.52%, and 11.11% respectively). The interconnectivity of the fractures was portrayed in some locations and they define the permeability of the area, coefficient of anisotropy, transmissivity, and longitudinal conductance defines the groundwater possible yield. The coefficient of anisotropy ranges from 1.05 to 9.54, and fracture porosity extends from 0.0006 to 1.95, with an average of 0.34. The transmissivity of groundwater in the area support withdrawal of marginal regional importance. Therefore, groundwater yield and recharge in the area is contingent on the variability and interconnectivity of the subsurface fractures, the number of existing boreholes being recharged by this fracture, and the baseflow dynamics and dipping angle of the major fracture at the borehole site.

Combination of 2D-Electrical Resistivity Imaging and Seismic Refraction Tomography methods for groundwater potential assessments: A case study of Khammouane province, Laos

2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging (2D-ERI) and Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT) are non-destructive techniques widely used for numerous geophysical investigations, namely, structural geology mapping, archaeological, engineering, and groundwater investigations. The present study aims to define potential groundwater zones in the Thakhek district of Khammouane Province, Laos, by 2D-ERI and SRT methods; due to the limitation of groundwater potential information, monitoring and evaluation activities regarding groundwater quantity and quality have not been conducted in this study area. The 2D-ERI measurement is based on the Wenner configuration with an electrode spacing of 10-160 m. In contrast, SRT uses a 6.5 kg sledgehammer for a seismic source with a 4 m geophone interval. The results indicate moderate resistivity values ranging from 18.8-71 Ohm-m, and seismic velocities ranging from 1220-2140 m/s were found at 12-30 m in the study region, illustrating the existence of a groundwater/aquifer at this depth. These results correlate well with drilling results from the borehole measurements in the Thakhek district, where the water levels were found at a depth of 12 m for borehole 1 and 15 m for borehole 2. The present study also demonstrates the correlation between 2D-ERI and SRT techniques. The adopted methods favor groundwater identification in the study region and other areas with similar geology formations.

Evaluation of Sanliurfa Karakopru basin groundwater potential for sustainability with GIS-based AHP and TOPSIS methods

Evaluation of Sanliurfa Karakopru basin groundwater potential for sustainability with GIS-based AHP and TOPSIS methods

Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using proxy indices in the Gunabay watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

Evaluation of groundwater potential and its quality assessment for drinking and irrigation has recently become a major concern, especially in developing countries due to various constraints. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of groundwater and establish whether they are safe for domestic and agricultural usage. 78 samples were collected during dry and wet seasons from 39 locations in the Gunabay district of the upper Blue Nile, Ethiopia. The following physicochemical parameters were evaluated successfully (T, pH, EC, TDS, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe, Cl−, F−, SO42−, PO43−, CO32−, HCO3−, and NO3−-N). Then, Entropy Weight Water Quality Index (EWQI) and irrigation water quality indices (SAR, %Na, MAR, RSC, PS, KI, PI, and IWQI) were used to assess the distribution of groundwater quality in the study area. The Piper diagram used to characterize the groundwater types revealed that Ca–HCO3 is dominant in the area and rock-water interaction regulates the chemical characteristics of groundwater. Wilcox diagram was used to analyze the salinity level in the groundwater. The findings showed that the groundwater had higher nitrate levels relative to the permissible level of WHO standards due to excessive use of fertilizers in rural areas. Depending on the EWQI approach, the study area was categorized as excellent, good, and medium zones, covering 84.6%, 12.8%, and 2.6%, respectively. The results depict that high-quality drinking water was available in rural areas, n high to medium in the urban regions. The comparative irrigation water indices record 85% of water wells are suitable for irrigation, but some well sites are unsuitable due to higher salinity hazards and deep rock interaction. These integrated water quality indices were effective in validating drinking and irrigation water quality in the study area.

Groundwater quality enumeration and health risk in the extended part of Chhotanagpur granite gneiss complex of India.

The majority of people on the earth bank largely on groundwater to quench their thirst. In the era of rapid population growth, the over-exploitation of groundwater gives rise to water scarcity, and people find themselves in distress to manage safe drinking water. In this backdrop, the present study is carried out in the terrain of Pre-Cambrian igneous and high- to low-graded metamorphic rocks, to assess the groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) and evaluation of groundwater quality. The map of GWPZ is produced employing the multi-criteria decision-making model and geospatial technology. It unveils that around 29% area of the watershed enjoys good GWPZ, whereas around 43% area experiences low GWPZ. The overall accuracy of the simulated model is 92%. The water quality index indicates that 68% of water samples belong to excellent to good water quality. A significant proportion of water samples (24%) are found to be unsuitable for drinking, which may be due to groundwater contamination by the process of leaching of mineral-rich weathered rocks. The presence of fluoride (F-) beyond the maximum permissible limit (1.5mg L-1) of WHO is recorded among 18% samples of the watershed, where 24,963 souls including 3457 children aged between 0 and 6years lived and might have ingested F- through drinking water. Hence, the health risk of those people is quite high. Children are at a more non-carcinogenic health risk of F- than adults. The study also confirms no statistically significant difference (p ˃ 0.05) is observed between low and high GWPZ with respect to groundwater quality. The study recommends adopting a sustainable outlook to explore GWPZ, and an assessment of drinking water quality must be done before drinking.

Efficiency and limitation of vertical electrical sounding in evaluation of groundwater potential in fractured shale terrain: a case study of Abakaliki Area Lower Benue Trough Nigeria.

Water supply in the Abakaliki Area of Southeastern Nigeria and its environs has been a source of worry. The area is marked by a series of abortive boreholes, sparsely productive boreholes, and failed water wells. These problems are a result of the direct and indirect function(s) of the prevailing geology of the area which is underlain by aquiclude (Abakaliki Shale, lenses of siltstone and sandstone) dominantly indurated shale. Sixteen (16) vertical electric sounding (VES) were acquired using a resistivity meter. The acquired data was plotted on a bi-log graph using INTERPEX and SURFER. Quantitative and qualitative interpretations were used in preparing geoelectric layers and layer parameter maps. Three (3) to five (5) geoelectric layers were delineated. The first layer is a compacted lateritic overburden. VES 1, 3, 4, 6, 11, and 15 were observed to have thin layers of clay with very low apparent resistivity values with an average of 2.642 Ωm and average thickness of 1.08m, and depth generally less than 10m. Fractured and non-fractured/baked shale layers were dominant in all points of the study area. The non-fractured consolidated shale has a high apparent resistivity value ranging from 180.3 Ωm to 770.42 Ωm with an average of about 339.53 Ωm while the fractured shale has an average resistivity value of about 21.36-68.79 Ωm and an average of 38 Ωm. The confinement of the aquifer implies that the indurated shale generally underly the Abakaliki Area. The low resistivity value of the fractured shale is an indication of the presence of fluid, possibly water. The results of this research implied that the application of exploration method(s) that could delineate the subsurface fractures should precede groundwater development in the area. Also, there is no specific depth to the water table in the area; however, the area has a generally shallow depth to groundwater on average.

Evaluation of Groundwater Potentials Using Dar Zarrouk Parameters in Mapeo and Environs, North-Eastern Nigeria

Groundwater is the safest and most reliable source of water in crystalline basement complex terrain especially those associated with semi-arid to arid regions. This research is aim at evaluating the groundwater potentials of Mapeo and its environs, The study area is located between latitudes 8◦ 37'and 8◦ 45' N and longitudes 12◦21'and 12◦32' E. Thirty-five Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) points were surveyed using the Schlumberger array. The analysis of the VES conducted revealed four layered formations; Sandy clay to slightly weathered, fractured, and basement rocks. The aquifer units in the study area varied from highly weathered and fractured basement rocks. Dar-Zarrouk parameters such as the longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance revealed values that ranged from 0.0842 to 1.5926Ω with an average value of 0.5767Ω and 1107.235 to 8910.410Ωm2 with an average value of 4167.902 Ωm2 respectively. For the aquifer properties, empirical formulae based on grain size analysis were used to determine hydraulic conductivity which ranges from 1.01X 10-9 to 9.82X 10-6m/day with an average value of 2.176x10-3m/day, the hydraulic conductivity determined from geophysical method range from 1.833 to 17.525m/day with an average value of 7.2182x10-3m/day while transmissivity values range from 47.657 to 779.724 m2/day with an average of 289.113 m2/day. Groundwater potential zones were determined based on transmissivity values and classified the area into low, moderate, and high potentials.

Groundwater Potential Evaluation in Parts of Southwestern Nigeria Using Dar-Zarouk Parameters

Dar-Zarouk parameters namely longitudinal conductance, transverse unit resistance, longitudinal resistivity, traverse resistivity, and coefficient of anisotropy, derived from electrical resistivity soundings, were employed in the western and south western portions of Sheet 223 Ilorin NW, Southwestern Nigeria to evaluate the subsurface water prospect. This is aimed at determining the potentiality and vulnerability of groundwater in the area. The longitudinal conductance values obtained range from 0.027 S at VES 3 in the north, indicating the poorest protective capacity, to 26440.95 S at VES 157 in the south, indicating the highest protectivity. Thus, the protective capacity rating of the study area shows very poorly, weak, moderate, good, and excellent ratings at VES stations 10, 12, 9, 2, and 178 respectively. The total transverse resistance range is 8.6 – 32733.87 Ωm2, with the lowest at VES 206 in the southeastern part, indicating high prospects, and the highest at VES 47 in the northern part of the area, indicating poor prospect. The lowest longitudinal resistivity (0.1951 Ωm), indicating high potential as well, occurs at the southern part and while the highest value of 8095.63 Ωm is obtained at the northern part.Furthermore, the coefficient of anisotropy in the area ranges between 0.029 and 5349.78. The south-western boreholes have values that fall between the standard range of 1.39-1.66, indicating that those areas have boreholes with high productivity. In conclusion, most parts of the study area have excellent protective capacities and high potentiality.