Evaluation Of Flowers Research Articles

Biology and ecology of <i>Forestiera neo-mexicana</i> A. Gray and prospects for use in the Lower Volga region

The issues of expanding the assortment of tree and shrub forest plantations in afforestation of arid regions are studied. Forestiera neo-mexicana A. Gray is an introduced and under-recognized exotic tropical plant in the agroforestry of the Volgograd region. The study site was the collection plots of the Volgograd breeding and seed production complex in the Kirovsky district forestry of Volgograd where Forestiera neo-mexicana grows. Bioecological assessment of the use of Forestiera neo-mexicana A. Gray shrub in landscaping and protective afforestation of the Lower Volga region was carried out. Using the methodology of phenological observations developed by the staff of the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MBG RAS), the total seed weight, morphometric indices of fruits and the dynamics of the physiological state of the shrub were determined. The bio-ecological properties were evaluated according to five traits: drought resistance (six-point scale of Pyatnitsky S.S.), winter hardiness (seven-point scale of the MBG RAS), evaluation of flowering and fruiting intensity by the method of V.G. Kapper (five-point scale), vitality (three-point scale). According to phenological observations, Forestiera neo-mexicana A. Gray passes all phenological phases in climatic conditions of the Volgograd region. In bioecological evaluation of the Forrestiera properties for five traits, the plant has a high score for flowering and fruiting intensity (5 points), vitality (5 points). The plant is winter hardy (1 point) and drought tolerant (1 point). Forestiera neo-mexicana A. Gray can be cultivated on the areas unsuitable for general land use, on pasture lands and can be used in protective forestry.

Evaluation of flowering and fruiting attributes of different mango cultivars in the Chhattisgarh plain under rainfed condition

Evaluation of flowering and fruiting attributes of different mango cultivars in the Chhattisgarh plain under rainfed condition

四季成り性イチゴ品種の暖地冬春季栽培における開花およびランナー発生特性の解明と適正品種の選定

四季成り性イチゴ品種の暖地冬春季栽培における開花およびランナー発生特性の解明と適正品種の選定

Мінливість кількісних ознак Hibiscus syriacus L. в умовах м. Запоріжжя

Мінливість кількісних ознак Hibiscus syriacus L. в умовах м. Запоріжжя

Anatomical investigation of flower of Butea monosperma Lam.

Background:Butea frondosa Roxb. and Koen. syn. Butea monosperma Lam. (Leguminosae or Fabaceae) is a tree grows up to the height of 8 m at the age 50 years. Its flowers are being used in traditional medicine for the treatment of ulcer, inflammation, hepatic disorder, and eye diseases.Aims:The present study was aimed at establishing the microscopic characteristics of flower B. monosperma Lam.Materials and Methods:Histological evaluation of flowers was done using standard procedures. Images of microscopic characters were taken at different magnifications using Nikon Labphoto 2 microscopic Unit. Perkin Elmer 5000 an atomic absorption spectrophotometer was employed for elemental analysis.Results:In the study, microscopic characters of floral parts were investigated in transverse section and the flower powder. The current study reveals the presence of pollen grains, ovary (OV), and trichomes in their flower powder. Different cell components were studied, and their sizes were measured. Elemental analysis showed the presence of Zn 52.2 μg/g and Cu 36.3 μg/g were major contents, whereas Cr, Mn, and Pd were minor contents in dried flower powder.Conclusion:The current study paves the way to provide standard information related to the presence of essential elements in the flower. Microscopic characters of the flower and its quantitative measurement of cell components will help to identify the plant and also help to improvise the existing monograph of B. monosperma in the Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia.

Phytochemical and morphological evaluation of flowers and fruits from Epiphyllum hybrids during development

Anatomical analysis of the red-purple fruit of the Epiphyllum hybrid with red flowers in the course of its development was performed. Main attention was directed towards the special origin of the fruit pulp tissues by fusion of differentiated ovule funiculi cells. This interesting phenomenon in combination with accumulation of mucilage with a high water binding capacity in fruit pulp may prevent the premature dehydratation of fruits and prolong their exploitability. Thorough pigment analysis in the peel and fruit juice from Epiphyllum fruits and Epiphyllum flowers is reported for the first time. While the total betalain content of fruit was comparable with that of some Opuntia and Hylocereus clones, pigment pattern of Epiphyllum flowers may aid in differentiation of hybrids similar to previous reports on Opuntia and Hylocereus fruits. Overall, the results appear to be promising to extend investigations on Epiphyllum both from a botanical view but also with respect to their bioactive substances.

Flowering and vegetative growth of olive tree submitted to pruning and paclobutrazol application

This work focuses on the evaluation of flowering and vegetative growth of olive tree submitted to pruning and paclobutrazol application under field conditions with low temperatures during the winter. Two-years-old olive plant variety Grappolo 575, were submitted to light pruning, removing apical dominance, before treatments application. The treatments were organized in a 4×2 factorial scheme, respective to four PBZ concentrations tested: 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg L-1 of PBZ and two plants groups, with and without pruning, in randomized block with four replications. Paclobutrazol concentrations tested did not affect the olive tree flowering. The plant vegetative growth was reduced until 60 days after paclobutrazol application. Pruning resulted in stimulation of emission of vegetative shoots and reduction of flowering.

A pilot study on in vitro evaluation of flowers of Calendula officinalis (L) as a natural anti-solar agent

A pilot study on in vitro evaluation of flowers of Calendula officinalis (L) as a natural anti-solar agent

Intransitivity of preferences in honey bees: support for 'comparative' evaluation of foraging options

Abstract. A proximate-level hypothesis was tested about decision making in honey bees, Apis mellifera. Fifteen bees were given binary choices between artificial flowers that varied in depth and in volume of sucrose-water delivered. Three bees violated weak stochastic transitivity, under an assumption about the order in which the flowers ranked along a utility scale; they preferred flower A to flower B, B to C, C to D, but D to A. These bees also violated strong stochastic transitivity, which focuses on the strength rather than the direction of preference. An intransitive pattern of choice supports the hypothesis of 'comparative' evaluation of flowers, where options are compared along their different dimensions, each dimension separately. Intransitivities cannot be explained by an 'absolute' model, where each option is evaluated independently and assigned a fixed value (utility). Twelve of the bees made choices that were consistent with both absolute and comparative models of decision making. In light of the above results it is suggested that the assumption that animals employ an absolute method of decision making be reconsidered, and perhaps supplemented with a comparative account. Possible evolutionary advantages of comparative evaluations are discussed.