Evaluation Of Endurance Research Articles

PO-243 Correlation between exercise performance and muscle electrical activity in Exercise-induced Fatigue Rats

Objective Assess the muscle contraction ability of rats before and after exercise fatigue quantitatively, and analyze the correlation between exercise performance and muscle electrical activity. This study intends to provide a theoretical principle for exercise fatigue.
 Methods 7 healthy adult male SD rats (300~350g) were used and trained for adaptive treadmill by running on the treadmill for 1 week and holding on a vertical rectangular railing (20×10cm, 10 iron bars) until it's mastered. After this training, we used rat grasping force tester( BioSEB GS3) to measure the maximum grasping force(MGF) of rat's limbs, each rat was carried out 3 times, bout interval is 2 minutes. In addition, the grasping bar time(GBT) was recorded 3 times , bout interval is 30 minutes. We let rats to grasp and hold on a vertical rectangular railing(20×10cm， 10 iron bars), evaluation of rat muscular endurance by grasping bar time(GBT), each rat was carried out 3 times, bout interval is 30 minutes; During the MGF and GBT test, motor unit recruitment and discharge frequency was predicted by measuring the EMG of extensor muscles of the right hindlimb and flexor elbow muscles of the right forelimb by wireless non-invasive miniature surface EMG tester (Italy, BTS FREEEMG), the max Root Mean Square (maxRMS) and Median Frequency (MF) parameter was used to evaluate motor unit recruitment and discharge frequency, respectively.
 After these, the rats were allowed to have a one-day rest, and then had a load motion program on the treadmill (three levels’ load: the first stage movement speed 8.2 m/min, exercise time 15 min; second stage speed 15 m/min, exercise time 15 min; third stage speed at 20 m/min, exercise to fatigue ) to build the rats EF model by monitoring the acceleration of the rat's sprint with a miniature wireless acceleration sensor (18g). 30 continuous sprint acceleration at the end of running was less than half of initial acceleration and the running posture of the rats changed to prostrate, and remained at the end of the runway for a long time. Later, quantitative correlational data analyses such as mean, Pearson correlation, analysis of one-way ANOVA and paired sample t test were performed in this study.
 Results (1) The rats’ sprint acceleration of treadmill exercise at the end stage (the final 1/5 of the total time) decreased by 56.9% (P < 0.01) when compared with the early stage (the begining 1/5 of the total time). (2) The MGF and GBT of EF decreased by 68.1% (P < 0.01) and 90.38% (P < 0.01), respectively when compared with the beginning EF; in addition, the EMG maxRMS and MF of hindlimb and forelimb of EF rats had significantly reduced (P < 0.01), and the rats’ MGF/GBT was positively correlated with EMG maxRMS/MF significantly (MGF: forelimb rmaxRMS = 0.901, P < 0.01，rMF = 0.761, P < 0.01; hindlimb rmaxRMS = 0.913, P < 0.01，rMF = 0.783, P < 0.01; GBT: forelimb rmaxRMS = 0.922, P < 0.01，rMF = 0.806, P < 0.01; hindlimb rmaxRMS = 0.908, P < 0.01，rMF = 0.896, P < 0.01).
 Conclusions Exercise fatigue reduced the muscle strength, muscular endurance and muscle power of rates significantly, which may be related to the decreased recruitment, rhythm synchronization and discharge frequency of muscle motor units of forelimb flexor and hindlimb extensor.

Muscle Endurance Evaluation with the Sorensen Test and Correlation with Demographics and the Baecke Leisure- Time Sport Activity Index in Healthy Young Adults

Muscle Endurance Evaluation with the Sorensen Test and Correlation with Demographics and the Baecke Leisure- Time Sport Activity Index in Healthy Young Adults

A prospective, randomized evaluation of the feasibility of exergaming on patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The positive effects of physical and sports therapy for strain dependent physical practice and improved quality of life (QoL) are well known. Nevertheless, the available capacities and problem-oriented therapies in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are limited. We conducted a prospective, randomized study among 42 HSCT recipients in order to investigate the influence of exergaming on Nintendo Wii® or classical physiotherapy (PT) on physical fitness and psychological well-being. The trial included evaluation of muscle strength, endurance, physical activity, distress, QoL, anxiety, and depression. Within the first 2 weeks after HSCT endurance, muscle strength and physical well-being decreased, while the value of distress increased significantly in both groups. However, exergaming on Nintendo Wii® resulted in a decrease of anxiety and depression and improved emotional well-being, while the PT group showed a contrariwise pattern of these features. Analysis of the FACT-BMT revealed a decline of QoL domains 2 and 4 weeks after HSCT and an improvement afterwards. The decrease of functional status after HSCT was accompanied by a drop of QoL and an increase of distress in both groups. However, our prospective study demonstrates that exergaming using the Nintendo Wii® is feasible and well tolerated in HSCT recipients.

Exercise loading for cardiopulmonary assessment and evaluation of endurance in amputee football players.

[Purpose] It is difficult for amputees to perform conventional cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Values were determined for two-legged, one-legged, and two-armed exercise testing in healthy adult males (Study 1), for comparison with preliminary measurements of endurance in amputee football players (Study 2). [Participants and Methods] In Study 1, cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed in healthy adult males. Correlations between oxygen uptake in two-legged and one-legged/two-armed exercise were calculated and a comparison was made between one-legged exercise and two-armed exercise for each measured value. In Study 2, cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on male amputee football players using a two-arm-driven ergometer. The measured values obtained for healthy adult males and amputee football players were compared. [Results] In Study 1, peak work rate and peak heart rate values of healthy participants were significantly higher in two-armed exercise than in one-legged exercise. The correlation between peak oxygen uptake values for two-legged and one-legged exercise was decreased. In Study 2, peak work rate of two-armed exercise was significantly higher in amputee football players than in healthy participants. [Conclusion] Study 1 suggested that musculoskeletal factors might have greater significance for one-legged exercise than for two-armed exercise. Study 2 suggested that para-sports, including amputee football, may contribute to physical strength and health maintenance in lower leg amputees.

Effect of Low-Dose Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on Intermittent Endurance Performance

In this study, we investigated the effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) supplementation at a dose of 0.2 g·kg−1 40 min before an exercise on intermittent endurance performance and gastrointestinal distress. The participants were six healthy male students of a university. The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2) was used for the evaluation of intermittent endurance. The participants ingested water (Cont) or NaHCO3 independently at three timings. After drinking water, the Yo-Yo IR1 was performed for 2 min as warm-up. After resting for 5 min, the Yo-Yo IR2 was initiated. The measurement items were exercise distance, nutrition intake, biochemical test results, and blood gas analysis findings. The participants who ingested NaHCO3 had a 14% extended distance than those who ingested Cont, and 2/3 of those who took NaHCO3 showed a better motor performance. No significant difference was observed between the participants who took Cont and NaHCO3 in terms of pH level at baseline, and the NaHCO3 level was significantly higher during pre- and post-exercise (p 3 in terms of bicarbonate ion level at baseline, and the NaHCO3 level was significantly higher during pre- and post-exercise (p 3 at a low dose (0.2 g·kg−1), their exercise ability during an intermittent endurance test has improved. Furthermore, when digestive absorption is considered, eating a meal in advance may be able to suppress the onset of gastrointestinal distress.

Ocena wytrzymałości dzieci kwalifikowanych do klasy o profilu narciarstwo biegowe na tle grupy kontrolnej na podstawie wybranych testów motorycznych

1. Czaprowski D, Kotwicki T, Kowalski I M. Wydolność fizyczna i adap¬tacja wysiłkowa dziewcząt z bocznym idiopatycznym skrzywieniem kręgosłupa. Postępy Rehabilitacji 2009; 1: 29–33. Google Scholar

Reproductibilité de la mesure de la force et de l’endurance du quadriceps dans la BPCO

Patients with COPD frequently have lower strength and endurance in their lower limbs compared to healthy subjects and evaluation of their quadriceps strength is recommended in practice. The handheld dynamometer has been validated and is easy to use for this measurement but its reproducibility has never been studied for endurance evaluation and only poorly for strength. The objective of this study was to estimate the inter and intra-operator reproducibility of maximal voluntary strength and endurance measurements of the quadriceps with a handheld dynamometer in patients with COPD. The measurements of maximal voluntary strength and endurance were performed with a single handheld dynamometer using isometric contraction. Three measurement sessions were undertaken, separated by 24hours. The intra- and interoperator reproducibility were estimated by calculation of the intraclass correlation coefficient. Overall, 21 patients were included in the study. The intraclass correlation coefficient calculated for the maximal voluntary strength for intra and interoperator reliability ranged between 0.95 and 0.99. For endurance, the coefficient for intra-operator reliability was 0.81 and the two for interoperator reliability were 0.69 and 0.77. The handheld dynamometer allows an excellent inter and intra-operator reproducibility for the measurement of quadricipital maximal voluntary strength and a correct to excellent reproducibility for the measurement of quadricipital endurance. This tool may be used for the evaluation of quadriceps strength in clinical practice in COPD patients, particularly during rehabilitation.

ВИБРОАКУСТИЧЕСКИЕ ИСПЫТАНИЯ ОБРАЗЦОВ ТРИБОСОПРЯЖЕНИЙ НА ИЗНОСОСТОЙКОСТЬ

For the development of standards of timing and amount of shipboard equipment maintenance and repair it is important to study and improve the theory and practice of evaluation of endurance of such friction pairs as sliding bearings. In the diagnosis of rolling bearings vibroacoustic methods are widely used, but, as for sliding bearings, these methods are still at the stage of research with respect to friction. Thereby, the results of testing different types of tribounit samples on friction test machines have been studied. There have been done vibration measurements for given conditions (rotation speed and load), where the root mean square values (RMS) of vibrational acceleration a in m/s2 or dB for acceleration were used as main diagnostic parameters. The authors have investigated dependencies of vibration levels for each band of tri-band spectrum on rotational speed, load, lubrication, surface roughness with respect to temperature, coefficient of friction and wear resistance. It has been proved that the source of VHF vibration of RMS is friction in coupling, depending on the surface condition and lubrication type of the friction pair. Dependency of acceleration RMS level on rotational speed and load of the sample has been stated. The results allow to infer about the effectiveness of the proposed tri-band vibroacoustic characteristics of the tribounits using vibrometer CM-21. This method can be used for diagnostics of sliding bearings, which can require standardization of modes and conditions of measurement and the establishment of zones of maximum permitted levels of the object state.

Clinical Assessment Of Muscle Endurance

Evaluation of muscle endurance is important for many clinical populations. PURPOSE: Evaluate the utility of a clinical assessment of muscle endurance that uses twitch electrical stimulation and accelerometer-based mechanomyography (aMMG). METHODS: Twenty healthy participants (9 males; 11 females) and three participants with multiple sclerosis (MS) were tested. Muscle twitch acceleration was measured using an accelerometer placed over the surface of the muscle. The relationship between acceleration and torque was measured during twitch stimulation of the vastus lateralis muscle. Muscle endurance of the forearm and gastrocnemius was measured during 9 minutes of twitch electrical stimulation, in three stages (3min/stage) of increasing frequency (2Hz, 4Hz, and 6Hz). Endurance Index (EI) was calculated as the percent of acceleration at the end of each stimulation stage relative to the peak acceleration. Oxygen saturation was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS: Acceleration correlated with torque during twitch electrical stimulation of the vastus lateralis(mean R2= 0.96±0.04; p<0.05). Measures of EI reproducibility were CV= 2.49±3.67% for the 2Hz stage, CV= 7.36±8.11% for the 4Hz stage, and CV= 4.30±3.09% for the 6Hz stage. EI was significantly higher in the gastrocnemius at the 4Hz (EI =96.1±2.9%) and 6Hz (EI =95.5±2.03%) stages compared to the forearm (4Hz: EI =87.1±9.3%; 6Hz: EI =68.3±17.6%) in healthy controls (p<0.01). Muscle oxygen saturation was not reduced during stimulation of the forearm (72.6±9.8% at 2Hz, 73.2±11.6% at 4Hz, and 71.0±12.5% at 6Hz) compared to baseline (74.3±15.1%; p>0.1). Participants with MS had significantly lower gastrocnemius muscle endurance at the 2Hz (EI =83.6±10.2%), 4Hz (EI =57.2±5.1%), and 6Hz (EI =20.6±8.7%) stages compared to healthy controls (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Muscle endurance as measured by twitch electrical stimulation and aMMG has the potential to evaluate endurance in various muscles and clinical populations.

Static and Dynamic Handgrip Strength Endurance: Test-Retest Reproducibility

This study investigated the reliability of static and dynamic handgrip strength endurance using different protocols and indicators for the assessment of strength endurance. Forty young, healthy men and women (age, 18-22 years) performed 2 handgrip strength endurance protocols: a static protocol (sustained submaximal contraction at 50% of maximal voluntary contraction) and a dynamic one (8, 10, and 12 maximal repetitions). The participants executed each protocol twice to assess the test-retest reproducibility. Total work and total time were used as indicators of strength endurance in the static protocol; the strength recorded at each maximal repetition, the percentage change, and fatigue index were used as indicators of strength endurance in the dynamic protocol. The static protocol showed high reliability irrespective of sex and hand for total time and work. The 12-repetition dynamic protocol exhibited moderate-high reliability for repeated maximal repetitions and percentage change; the 8- and 10-repetition protocols demonstrated lower reliability irrespective of sex and hand. The fatigue index was not a reliable indicator for the assessment of dynamic handgrip endurance. Static handgrip endurance can be measured reliably using the total time and total work as indicators of strength endurance. For the evaluation of dynamic handgrip endurance, the 12-repetition protocol is recommended, using the repeated maximal repetitions and percentage change as indicators of strength endurance. Practitioners should consider the static (50% maximal voluntary contraction) and dynamic (12 repeated maximal repetitions) protocols as reliable for the assessment of handgrip strength endurance. The evaluation of static endurance in conjunction with dynamic endurance would provide more complete information about hand function.

The Impact of Overweight on Flexibility and Functional Capacity

Obesity is a health problem worldwide, with a significant impact on the mortality of individuals. However, considering the importance of preventive management, few studies have addressed the predictors of functional impairment in overweight subjects. The present study aimed to verify the differences in functional variables in overweight volunteers compared to eutrophic subjects, to determine the independent predictors of functional capacity in overweight subjects and to provide a model that can predict exercise capacity in this population. Seventy-four physically active participants (both sexes, aged 18 to 60 years) were evaluated and stratified into two groups: eutrophic (n=45, 33 ± 11 years, 76% females) and overweight (n=29, 37 ± 12 years, 41% females), according to body mass index (BMI). All volunteers were submitted to clinical, anthropometric, flexibility, muscle strength and endurance evaluation and maximal exercise testing. Differences between groups were verified by Independent T test or Mann-Whitney. Uni and multivariate linear regressions were performed to verify the independent predictors of functional capacity in the overweight group. The overweight individuals were predominantly male (58.6%), with iliopsoas (p=0.009), pectoral (p<0.001) and piriformis (p=0.003) shortening, and with lower values of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) (p=0.012). In the final multivariate model, BMI and body fat percentage were the only independent predictors of functional capacity in overweight volunteers and VO2peak can be predicted by the model VO2peak=85.161 – (0.747 × BMI) – (0.925 × body fat percentage). Overweight individuals already show musculoskeletal and functional changes when compared to eutrophic ones. Preventive strategies should be adopted in this population, aiming to prevent musculoskeletal and functional dysfunctions that may compromise the functional capacity of these individuals.

Novel repetitive square wave voltage generator used for the insulation evaluation of rotating machines driven by power electronics

To ensure insulation system reliability of rotating machines driven by power electronics, accelerated tests under repetitive impulsive voltages should be performed on turn-to-turn insulation according to the standards provided by the International Electrotechnical Commission. The parameters of repetitive impulsive voltage can significantly influence insulation lifetime, and thus, voltage parameters should be carefully controlled during the accelerated tests. To increase endurance test efficiency when testing many insulation specimens in parallel, the rise time of impulsive voltage should be controlled at certain constant values after the breakdown of one or more specimens to obtain objective endurance test results. This study provides a description of a novel square wave voltage generator used for the insulation evaluation of rotating machines driven by power electronics. A single-channel generator with variable rise times used for one specimen and a multi-channel generator with a constant rise time used to test five specimens in parallel are presented based on a push-pull solid-state switch. In the multi-channel generator, the RC parameter of the high-voltage circuit can be adjusted automatically by resorting to controlling units and a circuit structure after the breakdown of one or more samples when performing endurance tests on parallel specimens to keep the rise time of impulsive voltage at constant values. The multi-channel generator can significantly increase the endurance evaluation efficiency of the insulation systems of rotating machines fed by power electronics.

Isokinetic trunk flexion–extension protocol to assess trunk muscle strength and endurance: Reliability, learning effect, and sex differences

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and the learning effect of an isokinetic trunk flexion–extension protocol designed to simultaneously assess trunk muscle strength and endurance. In addition, the effect of the participants' sex on the reliability data was examined. MethodsFifty-seven healthy and physically active young men (n = 28) and women (n = 29) performed the isokinetic protocol 5 times, separated by a week between each of the first 4 sessions and by a month between the last 2 sessions. The protocol consisted of performing 4 trials of 15 maximum flexion–extension concentric exertions at 120°/s (range of trunk motion = 50°). The absolute and relative peak torque and total work were calculated to assess trunk flexion and extension strength. In addition, endurance ratio, modified endurance ratio, fatigue final ratio, recovery ratio, and modified recovery ratio variables were used for the assessment of trunk muscle endurance in both directions. ResultsRegarding the absolute reliability, no relevant changes were found between paired-comparison sessions for most strength and endurance variables, except for total work and relative total work variables in the flexion movement in both sexes. In addition, the typical error of the isokinetic variables was lower than 10% in both males and females, and minimum detectable changes ranged from 7% to 20%, with a tendency to be higher in females and in endurance variables. The strength variables showed high-to-excellent intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs; >0.74); however, for the endurance variables only the endurance ratio and the modified endurance ratio obtained moderate-to-high ICC values (0.57 < ICC < 0.82). In addition, the analysis of the variance reported no significant differences between consecutive pairs of sessions for most variables in both sexes. ConclusionOverall, these findings provide clinicians, trainers, and researchers with a 10-min single-session protocol to perform a reliable muscle strength and endurance evaluation of trunk flexor and extensor muscles, all within the same protocol.

Analysis of Tests Evaluating Sport Climbers' Strength and Isometric Endurance.

The present study was designed to determine which types of specific tests provide an effective evaluation of strength and endurance in highly trained competitive sport climbers. The research process consisted of three basic components: the measurement of selected somatic characteristics of the climbers, the assessment of their physical conditioning, and a search for correlations between the anthropometric and “conditioning” variables on the one hand, and climber’s performance on the other. The sample of subjects consisted of 14 experienced volunteer climbers capable of handling 7a- 8a+/b on-sight rock climbing grades. The strongest correlations (Spearman’s rank) were found between climber’s competence and the relative results of the finger strength test (r = 0.7); much lower, but still statistically significant coefficients were found between the level of competence and the results of the muscle endurance tests (r = 0.53 – 0.57). Climbers aspiring to attain an elite level must have strong finger and forearm muscles, but most of all, they must be capable of releasing their potential during specific motor capability tests engaging these parts of the body. The forearm muscles of elite climbers must also be very resistant to fatigue. Since highly trained athletes vary only slightly in body mass, this variable does not have a major effect on their performance during strength and endurance tests.

Association of Physical Inactivity, Weight, Smoking, and Prior Injury on Physical Performance in a Military Setting.

Although inactivity, being overweight, smoking, and a history of injury are identified as risk factors for poor health and injury, few authors have examined their association on physical performance. Young adults may be more likely to adopt healthier lifestyles if they understand the effect of health behaviors on performance. To determine the association of being overweight, smoking, inactivity, and a history of injury with physical performance. Cross-sectional study. Military population. Active-duty service members (N = 1466; 1380 men, 86 women; age = 24.7 ± 5.0 years; body mass index = 26.7 ± 3.4 kg/m2). Participants performed 8 measures (the triple-crossover hop for distance, the 6-m timed-hop test, the Functional Movement Screen, the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test, the Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test, and the 3-event Army Physical Fitness Test) for evaluation of endurance, strength, muscular endurance, power, agility, balance, and motor control. Participants were categorized based on the number of health risk factors present. Using an analysis of covariance, we assessed the relationship between risk factors and physical performance with age and sex as covariates. Compared with those who had no risk factors (27.9% of men, 34.9% of women), physical performance was worse in those who had 1, 2, or 3 to 4 risk factors present by 4.3%, 6.7%, and 10.3%, respectively. Decrements in performance for those with 3 to 4 risk factors ranged from 3.3% to 14.4%. An unhealthy lifestyle habit or a history of injury was negatively associated with physical performance. Physical performance decrements were associated with the number of risk factors present. Understanding how risk factors contribute to decreased physical performance may enable clinicians to improve compliance with injury-prevention programs in occupational settings in which a young and relatively healthy workforce may be more concerned about performance than health.

Testing of Badminton-Specific Endurance.

Madsen, CM, Højlyng, M, and Nybo, L. Testing of badminton-specific endurance. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2582-2590, 2016-In the present study, a novel intermittent badminton endurance (B-ENDURANCE) test was developed and tested in elite (n = 17) and skilled (n = 9) badminton players and in age-matched physically active men (nonbadminton players; n = 8). In addition, B-ENDURANCE test-retest reproducibility was evaluated in 9 badminton players. The B-ENDURANCE test is an incremental test where each level consists of repeated sequences of badminton-specific actions toward the 4 corners of the court. The subject starts in the center of the court in front of a computer screen and within each sequence, he must, in a randomized order, complete 8 actions as dictated by the computer, providing the audiovisual input and verifying that the appropriate sensor is activated within the allocated time. Recovery time between each sequence is 10 seconds throughout the test, but the time to complete each sequence is gradually decreased until the subjects cannot follow the dictated tempo. The B-ENDURANCE test performance for elite players was better (p ≤ 0.05) compared with the skilled players and nonbadminton players. In addition, the B-ENDURANCE test performance correlated (r = 0.8 and p < 0.0001) with elite players' national single rankings. Test-retest coefficient of variation was 7.9% between the first 2 trials (i.e., without a familiarization trial) but reduced to 2.5% when comparing the second and third trials. In conclusion, the B-ENDURANCE test is relevant for the evaluation of badminton-specific endurance but at least 1 familiarization trial is recommended if the test is used for evaluation of longitudinal changes, e.g., tracking training effects.

Impairments of postural stability, core endurance, fall index and functional mobility skills in patients with patello femoral pain syndrome.

Postural control allows performance of daily and sports activities. The previous studies show that postural sway inceases in orthopaedic injuries such as osteoarthritis and total knee arthroplasty. To compare postural sway, risk of falling and function between individuals with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFS). This study included 22 subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome, age-matched pain-free 22 females serving as a control group. Visual anolog scale and Kujala were used to evaluate the pain. Posturographic assesment was performed by Tetrax posturographic device. Biering Modified Sorenson test for extensor endurance and sit-up test for flexor endurance were used for the evaluation of trunk endurance. Timed get-up and go test was used for lower extremity function. The Student's t Test was used to compare variables between the groups. The Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to examine correlation between the quantitative variables. Postural sway included eyes open without pillow, eyes open on pillow, eyes closed on pillow, risk of falling, function and postural stabilization included flexor endurance, extansor endurance are impared in patient with patellofemoral pain syndrome when compare to controls. In subjects with PFPS increased postural sway significantly associated with body mass index (r= 0.52), pain duration (r= 0.43), postural control (extansor endurance) (r= -0.50) and risk of falling (r= 0.62) on pillow with open eyes. In addition we found function significantly related with postural control (extansor endurance and flexor endurance) (r= -0.59 and r= -0.59) and risk of falling (r= 0.77)CONCLUSIONS: Decreased neuromuscular control of the trunk core and increased postural sway and falling risk were found in patients with PFPS. Patients may be evaluated for deficits in postural control and falling risk before treatment.

Torso Muscle Physical Capacity and Functional Movements Interfaces

Darbo tikslas – įvertinti liemens raumenų fizinį pajėgumą, funkcinių judesių atlikimą ir išanalizuoti sąsajas tarp šių komponentų. Dažniausiai vertinamas vienas segmentas: judesio amplitudė, asmens fiziniai duomenys, tam tikra raumenų grupė, tačiau nėra analizuojamos sąsajos tarp gautų rezultatų, o tai sunkina asmens fizinio parengtumo lygio ir atliekamo judesio kokybės visapusišką įvertinimą. Šis tyrimas apima kompleksinį požiūrį į žmogaus organizmą, jo fizinį pajėgumą ir funkcinius judesius. Lietuvos ir užsienio mokslininkai, pastaraisiais metais atlikę daug jauno amžiaus asmenų sveikatos tyrimų, teigia, kad mažėja žmonių, turinčių puikią sveikatą, kartu daugėja asmenų, turinčių įvairių sveikatos sutrikimų. Viena blogėjančios sveikatos priežasčių – mažas fizinis aktyvumas, prevencijos nebuvimas. Pasikeitė gyvenimo būdas, jis tapo sėslesnis, laisvalaikis leidžiamas pasyviau, taip pat pakito ir kasdieninės veiklos įpročiai, buvę prieš 15–20 metų. Prastėjant sveikatai, prastėja ir fizinis pajėgumas bei funkcinių judesių atlikimas. [...]

Peripheral Muscle Dysfunction in Interstitial Lung Disease: A Scoping Study

Purpose: To characterize the state of the evidence for peripheral muscle dysfunction in individuals with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Method: A scoping study was performed by searching multiple electronic databases for published papers and conference abstracts of any study design that included a measure of peripheral muscle dysfunction and/or structural and metabolic characteristics of muscle. All sub-types of ILD were eligible. Result: Forty-five studies representing 2522 individuals with 34 sub-types of ILD were included in this study. Data were charted using descriptive numerical analysis of study characteristics. Peripheral muscle dysfunction was predominantly reflected by reduced volitional isometric strength (17 studies), whereas the evaluation of muscle endurance was rare (2 studies). Volitional muscle force or torque was measured in the quadriceps (14 studies) and handgrip (8 studies), with strength preferentially reduced in the lower limbs. Eight studies measured structural or metabolic characteristics and found evidence of reduced muscle size and oxidative stress. Findings of muscle injury and muscle inflammation (e.g. serum markers, electromyography and muscle biopsies) were reported primarily in individuals with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and connective tissue diseases. Conclusions: Reduced volitional muscle strength was the most common finding of peripheral muscle dysfunction in ILD. Further quantification of peripheral muscle dysfunction and identification of structural and metabolic characteristics are needed to target specific interventions and optimize muscle function.

Cardiorespiratory endurance evaluation using heart rate analysis during ski simulator exercise and the Harvard step test in elementary school students.

[Purpose] Efficient management using exercise programs with various benefits should be provided by educational institutions for children in their growth phase. We analyzed the heart rates of children during ski simulator exercise and the Harvard step test to evaluate the cardiopulmonary endurance by calculating their post-exercise recovery rate. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects (n = 77) were categorized into a normal weight and an overweight/obesity group by body mass index. They performed each exercise for 3 minutes. The cardiorespiratory endurance was calculated using the Physical Efficiency Index formula. [Results] The ski simulator and Harvard step test showed that there was a significant difference in the heart rates of the 2 body mass index-based groups at each minute. The normal weight and the ski-simulator group had higher Physical Efficiency Index levels. [Conclusion] This study showed that a simulator exercise can produce a cumulative load even when performed at low intensity, and can be effectively utilized as exercise equipment since it resulted in higher Physical Efficiency Index levels than the Harvard step test. If schools can increase sport durability by stimulating students’ interests, the ski simulator exercise can be used in programs designed to improve and strengthen students’ physical fitness.