Evaluation Of Different Genotypes Research Articles

Evaluation of Different Genotypes of Ridge Gourd for Better Growth, Yield and Quality under Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Conditions

Ridge gourd, scientifically known as Luffa acutangula, is a tropical vine that belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. It is commonly grown for its young and tender fruits, which are used as a vegetable in cooking. It is known by various names, including Kalitori, angled gourd, angled loofah, silky gourd, and ribbed gourd. Ridge gourd has a chromosome number of 2n = 26. This versatile vegetable can be incorporated into a wide range of dishes, such as stir-fries, curries, soups, and stews, thanks to its mild and slightly sweet flavor. In the Kharif season of 2022. a study was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, to assess the performance of different ridge gourd genotypes under the local agro-climatic conditions. The experiment followed a Randomized Block Design and involved nine genotypes with three replications each. The genotypes included G1 (IET 2021/RIGHYB-1), G2 (IET 2021/RIGHYB-2), G3 (IET 2021/RIGHYB-3), G4 (IET 2021/RIGHYB-4), G5 (IET 2021/RIGHYB-5), G6 (IET 2021/RIGHYB-6), G7 (IET 2021/RIGHYB-7), G8 (Dharidar-8), and G9 (Jaipuri Long-9).Based on the results of the experiment, it was determined that the genotype IET 2021/RIGHYB-5 exhibited the best performance in terms of growth parameters, such as vine length (222.10 cm) and early maturity, with the first fruit ready for picking in 60.00 days. It also excelled in yield parameters, including fruit length (25.03 cm), fruit diameter (5.65 cm), and fruit yield per plant (1528.31 g/plant). Additionally, IET 2021/RIGHYB-7 demonstrated outstanding performance in quality parameters, including Total Soluble Solids (TSS) at 4.23°Brix and Vitamin C content at 2.05 mg/100g.

Evaluation of Different Genotypes of Late Kharif Onion (Allium cepa L.) Under the Gangetic Plains of West Bengal, India

Aim: Onions, (Allium cepa L.) is one of the highly significant bulbs crops extensively cultivated in India. The investigation entitled “Evaluation of different genotypes of Late Kharif Onion (Allium Cepa L.) under the Gangetic plains of West Bengal”is aimed at suggesting the more locally suitable genotypes to the farmer as well as the researchers.
 Study Design: The experiment was conducted in randomized block design (RBD) with seven genotypes and they were randomized in three replications. This Experiment deals with seven different late kharif onion genotypes which consist of viz. Bhima Shakti, Bhima Kiran, Bhima Raj, DOGR-1605, NHRDF-Red-2, DOGR-1606 and PRO-7.
 Place and Duration of Study: The research investigation was conducted at C-Block farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal during the year 2022- 2023.
 Methodology: 30 days old seedlings were transplanted at 15 cm between lines and 10 cm within it. All other intercultural operations were done as and when necessary. Harvesting of bulbs was done at maturity stage. Biometrical observations and yield attributing characters were recorded from randomly selected 10 plants from each replication and the quality parameters were evaluated from randomly selected 5 plants.
 Results: From the present investigation it was found that the late kharif onion genotype Bhima Shakti emerged with the highest yield (285.80 q-ha) but in terms of other quality parameters the genotype NHRDF-Red-2 found quite good in TSS (14.12 ̊ B) and pyruvic acid content of (6.24 µmol-g), whereas genotypes Bhima Raj, exhibits lowest total sugar of (2.40 %) and reducing sugar of (2.13%).
 Conclusion: Although from the above experiment it may be concluded that in case of late kharif onion genotypes the genotypes Bhima Shakti, Bhima Raj and NHRDF-Red-2 performed well.

Evaluation of Different Genotypes of Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.) for Yield and Yield Contributing Parameters

The present investigation, "Evaluation of different genotypes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) for yield and yield contributing parameters", was conducted to characterize the quinoa genotypes for different quantitative parameters. The experiment comprised thirteen genotypes, and accordingly, a trial was conducted. The experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2018, using Randomized Block Design with three replications under field conditions at All India Coordinated Research Network on Potential Crops, Department of Agricultural Botany, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri. Observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants in each treatment for branches per plant, inflorescence length (cm), inflorescence width (cm), seed yield/ plant (g), seed yield/plot (kg) and seed yield/ha (qtl). Among the genotypes, EC – 507749 (28.43 qtl/ha) recorded the significantly highest seed yield per hectare, which was followed by EC – 507747 (27.59 qtl/ha) & EC – 507743 (26.20 qtl/ha). The increase in seed yield per hectare was due to the increase in inflorescence length (27.06 cm), inflorescence width (22.63 cm) and branches per plant EC – 507749 (42.26).

Selection of Suitable Genotypes Based on Physiological and Morphological Traits in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Aims: Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) as one of the most important oilseeds in the world, has a special role in cultivation and plant breeding research. Especially, the properties of rapeseed oil compounds, which have high oleic acid, antioxidant and positive effects on cholesterol, blood sugar control, blood pressure and cancer, make it one of the healthiest and most important edible oils in the world and an alternative to use Other vegetable oils have been introduced in recent years. Evaluation of different genotypes of Rapeseed in terms of different traits and selection of the most appropriate genotypes can be effective in realizing the goals of plant breeding.
 Study Design: In order to conduct the experiment, a randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used in three replications.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Varamin region of Iran in 2019-2020.
 Methodology: Each experimental plot had 4 rows of cultivation at a distance of 50 cm. The seeds were planted at a distance of 10 cm from each other and all steps such as watering and weeding were done regularly and manually.
 Results: The results of analysis of variance at the level of 0.01 indicated that the evaluated genotypes have significant differences in terms of all traits except the number of grains in the pod. In the means comparison of the traits, grain yield and oil percentage traits, which were selected as the most important traits, the Licord genotype was selected as the most favorable genotype. Based on the correlation analysis between the traits, the trait of grain yield had a positive and significant correlation with the traits of thousand grain weight, number of pods in the main stem, pod weight, days to flowering and oil percentage. Based on analysis of the main components, the first five components accounted for more than 74% of the variance of the total data. The drawn polygon diagram also identified Licord, Hyola-401, SLM046, Modena and Option 500 genotypes as desirable genotypes.
 Conclusion: Non-invasive independent predictors for screening esophageal varices may decrease medical as well as financial burden, hence improving the management of cirrhotic patients. These predictors, however, need further work to validate reliability.

Evaluation of Different Genotypes of Sponge Gourd [Luffa cylindrica L.] under Prayagraj Agro Climatic Conditions

The present investigation entitled Evaluation of different genotypes of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica L.) under Prayagraj agro climatic conditions was carried out at Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.) during kharif season of 2022, for evaluation of different genotypes of Sponge gourd with three replications in Randomized Block Design (RBD). Studies showed that, among all the genotypes, IET 2021/SPGVAR-5 was observed to be performed the best in terms of Vine length(334.86 cm),Average yield per plant (0.69kg), Average yield per hectare (261.70q/ha), Fruit diameter (3.71cm), Gross returns(523400 INR/ha),Net returns(352657.2 INR/ha) and Benefit-Cost ratio (2.07).

Evaluation of Different Genotypes of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) for Growth and Pod Yield in Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions

This experiment was conducted at a Horticulture research farm in the year 2021. Nine genotypes of cowpea were procured from IIVR, Varanasi viz AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-1, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-2, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-3, AVT 2021/ COPBVAR-4, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-5, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-6, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-7, GOMATI, KASHI KANCHAN. The experiment was laid in simple RBD with thrice replications. The observations were recorded on different traits. AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-6, was found to be the best variety over all other varieties in terms of earliness viz days to first flowering (33.33 days) and days to 50% flowering (38.67 days), AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-5 was found to be the best variety over all other varieties in terms of yield parameters viz. yield per plant (168.03g) and yield were (9168.03 q/h).

Investigation of the Effects of Potassium on Some Agronomic Traits in Dry Bean Genotypes

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of 5 different doses of potassium (0, 15, 20, 25 and 30 kg da-1) on some yield and important yield components on 6 different dry bean genotypes of bean [Phaseolus vulgaris L.] in Yunak Town – Konya City (TURKIYE) ecological conditions. was made in 2018. The aforementioned research was designed with 3 replications based on "Split Plots in Randomized Blocks Trial Design". According to the results of the research, it has been determined that potassium applications at different doses are statistically significant in terms of emergence time, flowering time, pod setting time, and vegetation period. As a result of the research; the emergence period was 6.33 – 15.67 days, the flowering period 32.00 – 71.67 days, the pod setting time 48.67 – 88.00 days, the vegetation period 84.67 – 118.00 days, the spad value 41.57 – 53.87 spad, number of main branches per plant 2.90 – 5.00, first pod height 9.40 – 18.40 cm, root neck diameter of 4.97 – 31.50 mm, the number of pods per plant varied between 13.30 – 42.00, the number of seeds per pod varied between 3.20 – 5.67 values. When evaluated in general, emergence time, flowering time, pod setting time increased with increasing potassium application, while vegetation time, and first pod height (maximum value at 15 kg da-1 dose) values decreased. In the study, all of the shortest duration values in terms of all phonological observations emerged in the Akkiraz genotype, which was applied at a fertilizer dose of 15 kg da-1. The highest value for the first pod height was determined in the 25 kg da-1 fertilizer dose X Nirvana genotype, the highest pod number value in the 20 kg da-1 fertilizer dose X Nirvana genotype, the highest seed number value in 15 kg da-1 fertilizer dose X Nirvana genotype. For the consistency of the research findings, it can be said that longer-term studies and evaluation of different genotypes in different ecologies are required.

Morpho-metric Analysis of Leaf and Fruit of Selected Mulberry Accessions: A Preliminary Measure for Diversity Analysis

Morus spp. exhibits wide variation in leaf morphology among different species and accessions within the same species. Some of the important silent morphological characteristics pertaining to mulberry leaf and fruit have been selected for the current study. Among all the ten selected genotypes ovate leaf shape was recorded to be the most common ones. Maximum leaf size of leaf was recorded in case of genotype S-1635 as 187cm and minimum in case of Kanva-2 as 28cm. Most of the genotypes were recorded with serrated to parted margins except C-4 with parted margin and smooth leaf texture with exceptions of coarse leaf in C-4, Chinese white and C-2038. Two most common types of leaf apex have been recorded as acuminate and acute with cordate, hastate and truncate leaf base. Maximum leaf length was recorded in S-1635 as 17 cm followed by Chakmajra as 15 cm and S-13 as 14 cm and 7 cm was recorded in C-4 and Kanva-2 and maximum in S-1635 as 11cm followed by S-13 and chakmajra as 8 cm and least in G-4 and Kanva-2 as 4 cm. Similarly maximum actual leaf area was recorded in genotype S-1635 as 71 cm2 and minimum in genotype C-2038 as 19.5 cm2. Fresh and dry weight of the leaf was recorded to be maximum in S-1635 as 11.4 g and minimum in Kanva-2 as 3.5 g and V-1 as 5.2 g respectively. In addition to fresh and dry leaf weight, moisture percentage and moisture retention capacity was recorded to be maximum of 72.4% in C-4 and minimum of 54.26% in S-1635 and maximum moisture retention capacity of 64% was recorded for G-4 genotype and minimum of 50% in C-2038. Maximum stomatal frequency was observed to be highest of 156 mm2 was recorded in S-1635 and least in Chinese white as 84 mm2 and stomatal index of 16% in V-1 and least in genotype S-13 as 11.1% and Cystolyth frequency was observed to be highest S-13 as 52% and minimum in genotype C-2038 as 24%. Thus, the current study could be used by plant breeders for genetic characterization and evaluation of different genotypes.

Evaluation of Different Genotypes of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica M. Roem.) for Growth Yield and Fruit Quality in Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions

An experiment was conducted to find out the best suitable genotypes of Sponge gourd in Prayagraj Agro-climatic conditions in the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj (U.P.), during Zaid season of the year 2021. 22 genotypes including one check genotypes which are procured from Indian Institute of Vegetable Research center(IIVR),are evaluated and the experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The observations were recorded on growth, yield and Fruit quality. The results revealed that among all the IET/2020 SPGVAR-7 and AVT I/2019 SPGVAR-3 performed well in earliness parameters viz. Days to germination (6.69days),Days to first male flowering (51.533days), appearance of first male flower on node(3.6) and appearance of first female flower on node (7.81). In terms of vine Length maximum was recorded in AVT I/2019 SPGVAR 4 (4.9m). Fruit length was maximum in IET 2020 SPGVAR 3(25.7cm), Fruit Diameter was maximum in AVT I/2019 SPGVAR-5 (3.24cm). Weight of 5 fruits was maximum in IET/2020 SPGVAR-6 (129.4 grams). And among all the genotypes IET/2020 SPGVAR-4 performed will in yield parameters viz. Yield per plant (1.48kg) and yield per hectare (66.88 Quintals/hac).

Evaluation of Different Genotypes and Genetic Virulence in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Clinical Samples

Infection with Staphylococcus aureus has been considered a major problem in hospitals. The clinical importance of S. aureus isattributed to notable virulence factors and genetic diversity. The objective of this study therefore was to investigate the distribution of S, aureus virulence gene anddifferent genotypesin some isolates obtained from clinical samples from Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti. A total of 25 isolates were screened for the presence of 16SrRNA,GeIE and asaIvirulence genes using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).Virulence genes 16SrRNA, gelE, asaI) formed clusters in S. aureus isolates used in this study. 16SrRNA was absence in 5 of the isolates and only present in 21 of the isolates. GeIE virulence gene was absence in 2 of the isolates and present in 23 of the isolates. AsaI virulence gene was absence in 7 of the isolates and present in 18 of the isolates. Virulence diversity was observed among isolates. Which could be used as a guide to the pathogenicity of individual isolates and hence control spread of infection.The genetic typing was carried out by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) using OPBO8, OPHO4, OPH03, OPBO5, and OPT12 Primers. Also there exist different genotypes among the S. aureus isolates used in this study revealing high level of genetic diversity occurrence among S. aureus isolates. The DNA fingerprint revealed high genetic diversity among isolates irrespective of their sources. Further work could be done considering the antibiotic resistant gene and also sequencing of virulence gene clusters peculiar to S. aureus pathogens.

Study of growth, phenology and bulb yield in garlic (Allium sativum L.) genotypes under Malwa plateau of Madhya Pradesh

The present field experiment entitled “Evaluation of different genotypes of garlic (Allium sativum L.) under Malwa Plateau of Madhya Pradesh” conducted at College of Horticulture, Mandsaur, (M.P.) during the Rabi season 2018-19. The investigation was carried out with 25 genotypes includes 17 local collections and 8 released varieties were studied. The research experiment was laid out in simple Randomized Block Design in three replications during the year 2018-19. The analysis of variance revealed significant difference in all the growth parameters among the genotypes. However, the genotypeT4 G-282 was recorded highest leaf area (31.29, 64.42, 85.85, 159.88 and 167.88 cm2 plant-1), leaf area index (0.32, 0.5, 0.82 and 1.09), leaf area duration (4.79, 7.51, 12.29 and 11.56 cm2 day-1) at all the growth phases of the plant. Maximum CGR and RGR recorded in the genotypes T15 MDS local-6 at 30-60 DAS (0.64 and 35.71), T4 G-282 at 60-90 DAS (1.65 and 66.81) and at 120-harvest (6.09 and 144.19), while T10 MDS local-1 at 90-120 DAS (2.98 and 86.87). The genotype T4 G-282 is superior in chlorophyll content (56.53, 68.03, 88.90, 91.79 and 83.40 SPAD), fresh weight of plant (8.57, 17.12, 56.36, 93.50 and 132.47 g) at 30, 60, 90, 120 and harvest respectively, and maximum bulb yield (173.04 q ha-1). In the phenological parameters, genotypes T21 Ratlam local (4.00), T17 MDS local-8 (4.00) and T3 G-50 (4.00) were found to be early emergence, T4 G-282 (6.00) early germination andT25 Neemuch local-3 (138.00), T24Neemuch local-2 (138.00) early mature as compare to other genotypes.

Evaluation of different genotypes of oilseed flax to the impact of low temperatures

Evaluation of different genotypes of oilseed flax to the impact of low temperatures

Analysis of Genotype by Environment Interaction in Louisiana Sugarcane Research Plots by GGE Biplots

Genotype by environment (G × E) interactions complicate genotype selection in breeding programs. In south Louisiana, sugarcane is cultivated under a wide range of environments including soil types and cultural management practices. To evaluate experimental genotypes in different environments, the variety development program places experimental varieties in cooperator’s fields across the sugarcane growing region as part of the selection process. The yield data of these varieties are affected by genotypic and genotype by environmental (GGE) interactions. In this study, the sugar yield data of eleven check varieties sampled over 4 years, including 2–4 crops across 21 locations, were analyzed by GGE biplot software in order to visualize GGE effects. GGE biplots enable the identification of ideal environments for evaluation of different genotypes and genotype performance and stability. Our goal was to assess the stability and representativeness of each check variety and find the best descriptive and representative test evaluation sites within the region using the GGE biplot method. The resulting graphical patterns and statistical analysis suggest yield variability is strongly dependent on crop, year, and variety. No consistent regional or soil patterns were observed. However, there were significant differences among locations for yield discrimination. Yield stability significantly varied by genotype in large plot trials “outfield” and in the small plot trials “nurseries” with some crop years were more representative than others. The results indicate that each crop year has unique growth conditions that affect yield and selection, and highly discriminating locations and stable cultivars were identified to improve selection.

Evaluation of different genotypes of nontoxigenic Aspergillus flavus for their ability to reduce aflatoxin contamination in peanuts

Aflatoxins produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus are potent carcinogens and account for large monetary losses worldwide in peanuts, maize, and cottonseed. Biological control in which a nontoxigenic strain of A. flavus is applied to crops at high concentrations effectively reduces aflatoxins through competition with native aflatoxigenic populations. In this study, eight nontoxigenic strains of A. flavus belonging to different vegetative compatibility groups and differing in deletion patterns within the aflatoxin gene cluster were evaluated for their ability to reduce aflatoxin B1 when paired with eight aflatoxigenic strains on individual peanut seeds. Inoculation of wounded viable peanut seeds with conidia demonstrated that nontoxigenic strains differed in their ability to reduce aflatoxin B1. Reductions in aflatoxin B1 often exceeded expected reductions based on a 50:50 mixture of the two A. flavus strains, although one nontoxigenic strain significantly increased aflatoxin B1 when paired with an aflatoxigenic strain. Therefore, nontoxigenicity alone is insufficient for selecting a biocontrol agent and it is also necessary to test the effectiveness of a nontoxigenic strain against a variety of aflatoxigenic strains.

Assessing the performance of transgenic Bt cottons through mother and baby trial

The performance of different Bt cotton (Gossypium species ) hybrids were compared in mother and baby trial design to assess the potentiality of the hybrids under scientifically managed (mother) vs farmer growing practices (baby trial) in red soil under rainfed condition. The field experiment (mother trial) was conducted in farmer field during 200809 and 200910. In evaluation of different genotypes in red soil, Bt cotton MRC 6918 recorded sig- nificantly higher seed-cotton yield (2.26 t/ha) than all other cotton genotypes and found on par with Bunny BG II (2.20 t/ha) and RCH 2 BG II (2.09 t/ha). The significantly higher gross returns of 89,131/ha and net returns of 64,917/ha was obtained in MRC 6918 as compared to all other genotypes. The higher uptake of nutrients (N,P,K) was recorded with MRC 6918 at 120 days after sowing. DHH 11 non Bt recorded higher fibre fineness (4.60 micronaire) and fibre maturity (0.76) than other genotypes. Higher yield (1.73 t/ha) was recorded in baby trial with Bunny BG II and differed significantly with mother trial (2.20 t/ha)

Studies of the evaluation of different genotypes of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) for yield and mineral contents

Six genotypes of potato were compared with two commercial cultivars, Kufri Chandramukhi and Kufri, Chamatkar for their yield and mineral contents (i.e., iron, copper, zinc, sodium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus). There were significant differences amongst different genotypes with respect to yield and mineral contents. The cultivar Kufri Chandramukhi, which gave also significantly highest tuber yield during both years, was found to be richest in copper, zinc and potassium. The genotypes EM/B-1601 and JF-4835 were found to be highest in iron content. The highest quantities of sodium, potassium, and magnesium were detected in the cultivar Kufri Chamatkar. The genotype J.F. 5106 was also found to be rich in magnesium content which was comparable to Kufri Chamatkar. The highest quantities of phosphorus and calcium were found in genotypes J.F. 4835 and EM/B-859 respectively. The genotype J.F. 547 was found to be poorest in iron, copper, zinc, sodium and potassium.