Design Quality Evaluation Research Articles

Analysis of unqualified factors and evaluation methods of Thickness of reinforcement cover

Thickness of reinforcement cover is an important index to measure the durability of structure. It is difficult to measure the thickness of steel bar protective layer and to control the quality of steel bar protective layer. From design, construction and testing evaluation,this paper puts forward the deviation of the definition of the thickness of steel bar protective layer, and analyzes the factors affecting the fabrication,installation and testing standards.The design optimization, construction control and quality evaluation criteria based on mathematical statistics method are put forward. Through a series ofmeasurementsto improve the thickness index of bridge reinforcement protection layer, a scientific and complete evaluation system is established, and the quality acceptance criteria and detection methods are unified.It has a certain guiding role in construction selfinspection and project acceptance.

Reinventing the wheel: A tool for design quality evaluation in architecture

Addressing design evaluation as a critical yet under-researched domain, this study analyzes the design evaluation structure and its variables and criteria that guide its outcomes. Within a scope of architectural design in practice and education, this study develops a new tool for design quality evaluation. The study consists of four main parts. The first is explorative which reviews and analyzes literature in the assessment and evaluation fields. The second is derivative and used to develop a tool for design quality evaluation (DQE) that combines design criteria and detailed evaluation rubrics. The tool which is named “Evaluation Wheel” is intended to help designers, educators and other design-related stakeholders judge design products succinctly, comprehensively, systematically and graphically. The third part is experimental and is used to test the applicability of the proposed wheel. A set of design products are evaluated by a group of designers using two methods; one uses various design criteria, and the other uses the wheel tool introduced in this research. The fourth part is analytical and evaluative which uses deductive, inductive and abductive reasoning techniques to analyze and compare the findings of the third part. The findings are presented and discussed. The results that indicate a reduction of the discrepancies of the scores among the evaluators seem to support the uptake of the proposed wheel in the design evaluation fields.

The Application Research of Fuzzy Mathematics in Design Quality Evaluation of Industrial Product

The applying of Fuzzy Mathematics theory of evaluation and decision method is applied to single or comprehensive evaluation of design quality of industrial products by using scientific mathematical model and the formula model which can be applied directly is given by examples. It solves the problem that there is no scientific, accurate and comprehensive evaluation on the fuzzy concept of industrial product design quality. Introducing one scientific evaluation method which can evaluate design quality of industrial products by using Fuzzy Mathematics for relevant people who are engaged in judging design quality. It also provides relatively direct and specific reference basis and direction for industrial design practitioners to improve design quality.

Interventions to reduce the prescription of inappropriate medicines in older patients.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE:Identify and critically evaluate systematic reviews addressing the effectiveness of interventions to reduce the number of prescriptions of potentially inappropriate medication to older patients.METHODS:This is an overview of systematic reviews. The studies were searched and selected from Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Virtual Health Library, and Web of Science databases, combining the terms aged, prescriptions, inappropriate prescribing and potentially inappropriate medication list with their entry terms and other related descriptors, published by June 2017. This study included systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis that addressed the effectiveness of any intervention or combined interventions to reduce the number of prescriptions of potentially inappropriate medications to older patients, without restriction in terms of design, language or date of publication of primary studies. AMSTAR – A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews – was used to evaluate the methodological quality of selected systematic reviews. Study selection and the methodological quality evaluation were performed by two independent evaluators, who resolved any divergence by consensus. The main findings were grouped into thematic categories, defined after a content analysis and discussed qualitatively as narrative synthesis.RESULTS:This study analyzed 24 systematic reviews. In terms of study design and methodological quality evaluation, most were systematic reviews of randomized controlled clinical trials and studies of moderate quality, respectively. The interventions were analyzed in five thematic categories: medication review services, pharmaceutical interventions, computerized systems, educational interventions, and others. The interventions analyzed showed good results and most of them helped reduce the number of prescriptions of potentially inappropriate medication to older patients.CONCLUSIONS:The systematic reviews included in this overview showed potential benefits of different interventions. However, it was not possible to determine the most effective intervention. Combined interventions are likely to provide better results than isolated interventions.

SRNAPrimerDB: comprehensive primer design and search web service for small non-coding RNAs.

Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), play key roles in many biological processes. However, only a few tools can be used to develop the optimal primer or probe design for the expression profile of small ncRNAs. Here, we developed sRNAPrimerDB, the first automated primer designing and query web service for small ncRNAs. The primer online designing module of sRNAPrimerDB is composed of primer design algorithms and quality evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer. Five types of primers, namely, generic or specific reverse transcription primers, specific PCR primers pairs, TaqMan probe, double-hairpin probe and hybridization probe for different small ncRNA detection methods, can be designed and searched using this service. The quality of PCR primers is further evaluated using melting temperature, primer dimer, hairpin structure and specificity. Moreover, the sequence and size of each amplicon are also provided for the subsequent experiment verification. At present, 531306 and 2941669 primer pairs exist across 223 species for miRNAs and piRNAs, respectively, according to sRNAPrimerDB. Several primers designed by sRNAPrimerDB are further successfully validated by subsequent experiments. sRNAPrimerDB is a valuable platform that can be used to detect small ncRNAs. This module can be publicly accessible at http://www.srnaprimerdb.com or http://123.57.239.141. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Optimal design method on diffractive optical elements with antireflection coatings.

The effect of antireflection coatings on diffraction efficiency of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) was studied and the mathematical model of diffraction efficiency affected by antireflection coatings for DOEs is presented. We found antireflection coatings can cause a significant reduction on diffraction efficiency at the designed, or the central wavelength. In order to solve this problem, we proposed a method to keep 100% diffraction efficiency at the designed wavelength by ensuring the 2π phase induced by DOEs and the antireflection coatings. Diffraction efficiency affected by antireflection coatings for DOEs with consideration of antireflection coatings are simulated. Analysis results can be utilized for refractive-diffractive hybrid imaging optical system optimal design and image quality evaluation.

Output Voltage Quality Evaluation of Stand-alone Four-Leg Inverters Using Linear and Non-Linear Controllers

This paper presents the design and experimental voltage quality evaluation of controllers for the output voltages of 3-phase four-leg voltage source inverters. These inverters are needed in stand-alone power systems to supply linear and non-linear, balanced or unbalanced loads with constant RMS value voltages at fixed frequency. Comparisons include closed loop outer voltage controllers based on predictive, sliding mode and decoupled proportional-integral controllers in dqo synchronous space, fitted with an inner hysteretic current loop vector controller in α β γ space. The 3-phase four-leg VSI output voltages waveform quality is analysed under unbalanced and non-linear loads.

Green BIM 기반 건축설계 품질평가를 위한 에너지 성능분석 결과값 가시화 기법 개발

Green BIM 기반 건축설계 품질평가를 위한 에너지 성능분석 결과값 가시화 기법 개발

Analysis of satisfaction factors at urban transport interchanges: Measuring travelers’ attitudes to information, security and waiting

Transport interchanges can be considered as a node, where people transfer from one mode to another, and as a place to stay, using facilities and services as well as waiting areas. Reducing disruption of transfer in multimodal trips is a key element for assuring seamless mobility in big cities. Based on previous research (Hernandez & Monzon, 2016) this paper aims to explore the predictive capacity of attitudes towards several service factors on general satisfaction with transport interchange. Complementary, it was analyzing how personal and trip characteristics are related to evaluation of some variables, and examining the influence of waiting time on the perceived quality. To that end, a two steps methodology was conducted (personal and on-line interview) in a representative sample of 740 users (54% female, 55% work purpose trip). We performed path analysis to test the model showing a satisfactory statistical fit. The model developed show good performance for predicting general satisfaction at Moncloa Transport Interchange (Madrid, Spain). The outputs of the model indicate that Information and Safety and Security factors predicted 49% of general satisfaction. Furthermore, the results showed also a strong association between evaluation of Design and Environmental quality, factors that not affect directly general satisfaction but do so through Information and Safety & Security perception, acting the last as mediator variables. Nevertheless, spending time queuing inside the interchange show a negative influence on Information and Safety & Security , while age of participants affect negatively to Information , which mean that elder have some cognitive accessibility problems. Moreover, our data shows gender differences in safety perception, since women feel less safe (particularity the youngest) inside the interchange. The results indicate a number of priority measures to enhance perceived quality and efficiency of interchanges. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4207

The Research of the Ability of Fashion Creative Design Talent and Quality Evaluation Model

This paper focus on the ability that fashion creative talent should have. Through literature searching, extracting factors with the pre-survey, researching method, using Spass software to factor analysis and Quadrant law to extract important factor, summary the best training program. Hope to provide a basis for the education of future fashion creative talents, thus promote the improvement of domestic clothing creative talent training mechanism, improve personnel training efficiency and save culture cost.

FINITE ELEMENT DETERMINATION OF THE HEAD-RELATED TRANSFER FUNCTION

The auditory peripheral system, which takes care of collection and enlargement in hearing processing, is an important part of the overall auditory system. This system is the key of sound source identification and location, and an important basis for a variety of audio equipment design and sound quality evaluation. In order to better recognize the acoustic characteristics of the auditory peripheral system, and effectively guide the audio equipment design as well as the sound quality evaluation, this study presents a numerical model based on the finite element/infinite element method (FEM/IFEM) to compute the near-field head-related transfer function (HRTF) on a reversed head model. A spherical sound source is positioned at different locations in the horizontal, median and lateral planes. The HRTFs and sound field distributions are computed for a frequency range up to 6 kHz. The present model is qualitatively validated against experimental data from MIT database. The results confirm the potentiality of the proposed approach which can efficiently detect the diffraction region, diffraction angle and tails in the sound field.

An evaluation methodology for crowdsourced design

In recent years, the “power of the crowd” has been repeatedly demonstrated and various Internet platforms have been used to support applications of collaborative intelligence in tasks ranging from open innovation to image analysis. However, crowdsourcing applications in the fields of design research and creative innovation have been much slower to emerge. So, although there have been reports of systems and researchers using Internet crowdsourcing to carry out generative design, there are still many gaps in knowledge about the capability and limitations of the technology. Indeed the process models developed to support traditional commercial design (e.g. Pugh’s Total Design, Agile, Double-Diamond etc.) have yet to be established for Crowdsourced Design (cDesign). As a contribution to the development of such a general model this paper proposes a cDesign framework to support the creation of crowdsourced design activities. Within the cDesign framework the effective evaluation of design quality is identified as a key component that not only enables the leveraging of a large, virtual workforce’s creative activities but is also fundamental to almost all iterative optimisation processes. This paper reports an experimental investigation into two different Crowdsourced design evaluation approaches; free evaluation and ‘Crowdsourced Design Evaluation Criteria’ (cDEC). The results are benchmarked against a ‘manual’ evaluation carried out by a panel of experienced designers. The results suggest that the cDEC approach produces design rankings that correlate strongly with the judgements of an “expert panel”. The paper concludes that cDEC assessment methodology demonstrates how Crowdsourcing can be effectively used to evaluate, as well as generate, new design solutions.

製品設計品質評価のためのICT活用状況と今後の方向性

製品設計品質評価のためのICT活用状況と今後の方向性

Training Teachers in Evidence-Based Practice for Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder

In this review, the authors include 23 studies where researchers experimentally evaluated training for teachers of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Authors summarized qualitative information on study and participant characteristics. Next, variables related to teacher practice and student learning targets were categorized based on Odom, Collet-Klingenberg, Rogers, and Hatton’s list of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for individuals with ASD. Training components were also categorized based on instructional format (i.e., self-instruction, individual, group). Finally, application of standards (What Works Clearinghouse [WWC]) facilitated the evaluation of each study’s rigor. Findings suggest that research has most frequently focused on individually training teachers in the use of behavioral interventions to improve students’ communication. From the evaluation of design quality, only 2 of the 23 studies met WWC quality indicators for single-case or group-design standards. A discussion of the findings, limitations to the review, and recommendations for practitioners and future research on teacher training conclude the study results.

Single-Case Research Design in Pediatric Psychology: Considerations Regarding Data Analysis

Single-case research allows for an examination of behavior and can demonstrate the functional relation between intervention and outcome in pediatric psychology. This review highlights key assumptions, methodological and design considerations, and options for data analysis. Single-case methodology and guidelines are reviewed with an in-depth focus on visual and statistical analyses. Guidelines allow for the careful evaluation of design quality and visual analysis. A number of statistical techniques have been introduced to supplement visual analysis, but to date, there is no consensus on their recommended use in single-case research design. Single-case methodology is invaluable for advancing pediatric psychology science and practice, and guidelines have been introduced to enhance the consistency, validity, and reliability of these studies. Experts generally agree that visual inspection is the optimal method of analysis in single-case design; however, statistical approaches are becoming increasingly evaluated and used to augment data interpretation.

Design Quality Assessment Method of the Primary and Secondary School Teaching Building Engineering Design System

The purpose of this paper is to study the evaluation theories on engineering design quality of the primary and secondary school teaching building. In this research the specific seismic performances of primary and secondary school buildings was analyzed. Then, the design quality evaluation index system of primary and secondary School buildings and multi-layered evaluation system were established according to the system engineering theory of builing engineering design. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation precedure was finally shown. The result indicated the hidden problems and management defects can be accurately found through this evaluation system with using the quality and quantity analysis way. It was helpful to greatly increase the ability to forecast, prevent and control engineering accidents, by which the prevention-after-accident quality management model of building engineering design can change into self-control type.

Design Planning and Top-Layer Design of Products

The A new design method of the products named Top-layer Design has been proposed in this paper. From the view of the point of the system engineering, the planning of product design makes the product design qualities improve to a great extent. Besides the understanding of the client requirements, the design planning of products, the so-called 7Ds: Design ideas, Design environments, Design objective, Design process, Design contents, Design methods and the Design quality evaluation, should be considered completely and planned systematically.

An evaluation tool for design quality: PFI sheltered housing

The complex procurement process entailed by the private finance initiative (PFI) means that clients need new capacities to manage their relationships with bidders and to assess project proposals if the desired level of design quality is to be achieved. To assist local authorities in their client role, a new Architectural Design Quality Evaluation Tool was developed. The aim was to improve the quality of design in residential sheltered housing, procured through the PFI. The tool was developed for and applied to a programme that will see the replacement of a local authority's entire sheltered housing stock. The tool has two functions: (1) to inform the client's assessment process and assist with the selection of the preferred bidding consortium through a series of stages in the PFI process; and (2) to improve the quality of all the submitted designs through an iterative process. Although several existing mechanisms are available for evaluating the performance attributes of buildings, few also tackle the less tangible amenity attributes, which are vital to the feeling of home. The new tool emphasizes the amenity attributes without neglecting performance.

Automatic design quality evaluation using graph similarity measures

This paper contributes to the problem of assisting the designer in dealing with evaluating the quality of a design. Especially, spatial relationships and arrangements of components within a design are explicitly dealt with. Hierarchical graphs are used as the design representation to enable capturing different ways components can be related by taking into account the fact that a component can form a part of another one. As the human evaluation is often based on the experience gained from seeing and analyzing many designs a similar approach is proposed in this paper. This approach uses methods drawn from machine learning, in particular kernels for structured data. Kernel functions are used to calculate similarity of new designs to other designs for which the evaluation is known thus simulating the process of learning from experience. The proposed approach is illustrated by experimental results obtained for the task of floor layout design.

Current Situation of Applied Graduation Design and Countermeasures

To find the main problems existed in applied undergraduate engineering graduation project, educational philosophy, teaching and study style, and teaching management have all been analyzed. In the philosophy of education, good relationship should be established between education and popular education, general education and fine professional, education and learning, and study and employment. Then the graduation project management should be strengthened, the process management and quality management should also be firmed, and the evaluation of graduation design quality should be evaluated objectively, fair and impartial. And at last, teachers' moral, the teaching culture, the learning culture and some other favorable atmosphere should be constructed. By these methods, the enthusiasm and initiative of teachers and students can be stimulated conscientiously, so that there will be integrity and pragmatic in the study course. And finally, graduation design quality will be improved certainly in applied undergraduate institute.