Evaluation Of Carbohydrates Research Articles

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSULIN RESISTANCE, ADIPOKINES, LIPIDS AND LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE TREATED BY STATINS

Background. Hypolipidemic and hypotensive therapy enables to improve prognosis and decrease the risk of cardiovascular pathologies, however, an intensive regimen of prescribing statins for patients with arterial hypertension (AH) combined with obesity can promote development of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance (IR), which are predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus development.
 Aim: To investigate the relationship between insulin resistance, adipokines, lipids and low-grade inflammation in patients with cardiovascular disease treated by statins.
 Materials and methods: 81 patients with overweight and/or obesity and AH or combination of AH and CAD were involved. Patients’ age ranged from 35 to 79 years, among them there were 51 males and 30 females. ACE inhibitors and ARBs, diuretics were used for treatment of AH; atorvastatin was prescribed orally in the dose 20 mg or 40 mg per day permanently as hypolipidemic therapy.
 Lipid spectrum, biochemical indices and glycated hemoglobin were determined according to common techniques on an analyzer “BioSystems” (Spain) using original kits of reagents. Concentration of insulin and hsCRP were determined on immunochemoluminescent analyzer “Immulite 2000” (Siemens, Germany). Insulin resistance index was calculated by the formula:
 НОМA-IR=fasting insulin (mcIU/ml)*fasting glucose(mmol/L)/22.5
 In НОМA-IR value > 2.77, patients were considered insulin resistant. 
 Leptin was measured using an ELISA kit DRG (USA). Adiponectin was quantified using the ELISA kit Mediagnost (Germany).
 Results. It has been revealed in our investigation that body mass index, the level of systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, highly sensitive C-reactive protein and leptin were reliably higher in patients with IR, whereas adiponectin level was lower. These associations are confirmed by the results of studying correlations between IR index, adipokines, anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Thus, thorough evaluation of carbohydrate and adipokine profile in patients with cardiovascular pathology combined with obesity, who are subjected to hypolipidemic therapy, is an important factor in preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
 Conclusion. Assessment of the risk of statin-induced diabetes mellitus is important for determining intensity of statin therapy, namely, presence of insulin resistance, levels of hsCRP and adipokines should be considered at the beginning and during treatment.

Evaluation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism dynamics in chronic HCV diabetic patients treated with direct antiviral agents

Although Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has become a curable disease, the aftermath of the infection remains an important aspect to be evaluated. HCV infection is well known for its extrahepatic manifestations, mostly the tight relationship between HCV, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dyslipidemia. Not only HCV increases the risk of T2DM, but it also affects its control in diabetic patients, increasing the risk of diabetes related complications. Furthermore, HCV hijacks the lipid metabolism resulting in abnormalities in circulating lipids which can lead to multiple complications, such as increased atherosclerotic risk and hepatic steatosis. Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in HCV-infected diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients after viral eradication. Material and methods. This is a prospective study conducted on 100 patients with chronic HVC infection who obtained viral clearance after interferon-free treatment. 58 patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus and 42 were non-diabetic. We evaluated serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in both groups at treatment initiation and 1 year after. Continuous variables were expressed as mean values ± standard deviation or median, categorical variables were represented as relative or absolute frequencies. Characteristics were compared using the Mann-Whitney method or the two-sample Student's T-test method for continuous variables, Chi-square and Fischer's test for categorical variables. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Outcomes. The study analyzed and compared lipid and glycemic profiles of diabetic and non-diabetic HVC patients before and after viral cure. Conclusions. 1 year after treatment initiation the changes in lipid metabolism seem to persist, carbohydrate metabolism seems to remain unchanged, with no differences between diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Presence of Microbial Contamination and Biofilms at a Beer Can Filling Production Line

Contamination of beer arises in 50% of all events at the late stages of production, in the filling area. This is where biofilms, a consortia of microorganisms embedded in a matrix composed of extracellular polymeric substances, play a critical role. To date, most studies have focused on the presence of (biofilm-forming) microorganisms in the filling environment. Our aim was to characterize the microbial status as well as the presence of possible biofilms at a can filling line for beer by determining the presence of microorganisms and their associated matrix components (carbohydrates, proteins and extracellular DNA [eDNA]). For 23 sampling sites, targeted quantitative PCR confirmed the presence of microorganisms at 10 sites during operation and at 3 sites after cleaning. The evaluation of carbohydrates, eDNA, and proteins showed that 16 sites were positive for at least one component during operation and 4 after cleaning. We identified one potential biofilm hotspot, namely the struts below the filler, harboring high loads of bacteria and yeast, eDNA, carbohydrates, and proteins. The protein pattern was different from that of beer. This work deepens our understanding of biofilms and microorganisms found at the filling line of beer beverages at sites critical for production.

Evaluation of carbohydrates and quality parameters in six types of commercial teas by targeted statistical analysis

The content of low molecular weight carbohydrates (LMWC) of six types of tea produced from the leaves of Camellia sinensis were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) coupled to mass spectrometry. Quantities of sucrose, glucose, fructose, myo-inositol, maltose, mannitol, raffinose, galactinol, and stachyose were determined in samples of white, yellow, green, black, oolong, and dark tea. Sucrose was the most abundant carbohydrate in all types of tea. The concentration of all measured carbohydrates except mannitol was lowest in dark tea samples.Correlation analyses using quantitative data of LMWCs, antioxidant activity, and color parameters were performed on black tea samples to evaluate the interaction of different quality parameters. Carbohydrates depletion was observed during tea processing with formation of Amadori compounds with theanine.

Evaluation of Carbohydrate and Fiber Consumption in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Outpatient Treatment

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional condition, which main symptoms of pain, discomfort and abdominal distension, constipation, diarrhea, altered fecal consistency and sensation of incomplete evacuation can be influenced by the presence of dietary fiber and fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs). This study aimed to assess the relationship between the quantity of fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAP) and fiber consumed by individuals diagnosed with IBS, and their classification according to the Rome III criteria. METHODS: A transversal study was carried out in the Intestinal Outpatient Clinic of the Gastroenterology Discipline of UNIFESP. The nutrients of interest for the study were: fiber, general carbohydrates and FODMAPs, with intake quantity measured in grams, analyzed through portions consumed. A nutrition log was used, along with a semi-quantitative questionnaire of consumption frequency. RESULTS: The sample included 63 adult patients; 21 with constipated IBS, 21 with diarrhea IBS, and 21 with mixed IBS. Carbohydrate intake was suboptimal in 55.6% of patients in all groups; excessive consumption was identified in 38.1% of the diarrhea group, 14.3% of the mixed group and 38.1% of the constipated group. Low consumption of carbohydrates was found in 28.6% of diarrhea patients and 47.6% of the mixed group. A mean intake of 23 g of fiber per day was identified, lower than recommended. CONCLUSION: The study identified a number of inadequacies in the consumption of different nutrients, excessive carbohydrate intake, especially FODMAPs, identified by the respondents as responsible for a worsening of their conditions. By contrast, other food groups such as meat, eggs and dairy were consumed by the sample population in insufficient quantities.

English

The nutritional evaluation of carbohydrate, protein and lipid in three selected seaweed (marine macroalgae) species such as Ulva lactuca, Sargassam wightii and Gracilaria edulis from Muttom and Kanyakumari coasts of Kanyakumari district was determined. The samples were collected in two seasons, pre monsoon (Aug. 2015) and post monsoon season (Dec. 2015). The carbohydrate content of three seaweeds varied from 49.2 ± 3.2% d w to 33.6 ± 1.6% dw. The protein content of the selected seaweeds ranged from 21.9 ± 1.4% to 11.2 ± 0.3 % dw. The level of lipid of the three seaweeds varied from 2.6 ± 0.4% dw to 0.8 ± 01% dw. Among the three seaweeds, U. lactuca contained higher amount of carbohydrate (49.2 ± 3.2% dw) and protein (21.9 ± 1.4% dw) however G. edulis possessed maximum lipid (2.6 ± 0.4% dw). The study of seasonal variation showed that the best season for harvesting seaweeds for food is pre monsoon season. The carbohydrate and lipid content are found maximum in the samples from Muttom coast and protein content is found maximum in the samples from Kanyakumari coast.

Development and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Counting Tool for Traditional Bhutanese-Nepali Foods

Development and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Counting Tool for Traditional Bhutanese-Nepali Foods

Evaluation of carbohydrates and lignocellulosic biomass from different wood species as raw material for the synthesis of 5-bromomethyfurfural

The influence of different parameters on the conversion of carbohydrates and biomass into the potential biofuel intermediate 5-bromomethylfurfural (BMF) has been studied. Our optimized conditions avoid the use of lithium salt additives, making this method cheaper and environmentally more benign compared to previously reported methods. Different wood species and their potential as a raw material in BMF and furfural production have also been evaluated. In addition, we report a very simple and efficient procedure for conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into BMF or 5-chloromethylfurfural (CMF).

Evaluation of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism and Risk of Obesity in Children after Brain Tumors Treatment

The aim of the study was to assess the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disturbances as well as weight in children after brain tumors treatment. The study included 33 boys (53.2%) and 29 girls (46.8%) aged 11.6 ± 3.9. 22 patients underwent treatment for tumors of hypothalamic-pituitary(h-p) area: IA–surgery(19/22); IB–surgery and radiotherapy(3/22). 40 patients were treated for tumors outside the h-p area: IIA– with surgery, chemo-and radiotherapy(22/40); IIB–only with surgery(15/40); IIC–patients treated for optic nerve glioma with chemotherapy(3/40). BMI was assessed before and after the treatment. OGTT, HbA1c, lipid profile and WHtR after treatment were assessed. Indices of insulin resistance: HOMA-IR, Quickie, Matsuda and de Fronzo were calculated. 63% overweight/obese patients of IA-group and 27% of IIA-group were observed. Hyperinsulinemia was noted in 44% of IA-group, 20% of IIA-group, and insulin resistance in 38% of IA and 15% of IIA. DM2 was diagnosed in 1 patient of IA-group, IFG in 1 patient of IIB, IGT in 1 patient of IA and 1 patient of IIC. Dyslipidemia was noted in 47% of IA-group, elevated level of LDL-cholesterol in 30% of IIA-group. The excessive weight gain, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia were observed primarily in children treated for hypothalamic-pituitary tumors.

Evaluation of carbohydrates in natural and cultured Cordyceps by pressurized liquid extraction and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.

Free and polymeric carbohydrates in Cordyceps, a valued edible mushroom and well-known traditional Chinese medicine, were determined using stepwise pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) extraction and GC-MS. Based on the optimized PLE conditions, acid hydrolysis and derivatization, ten monosaccharides, namely rhamnose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose, mannitol, fructose and sorbose in 13 samples of natural and cultured Cordyceps were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed and compared with myo-inositol hexaacetate as internal standard. The results showed that natural C. sinensis contained more than 7.99% free mannitol and a small amount of glucose, while its polysaccharides were usually composed of mannose, glucose and galactose with a molar ratio of 1.00:16.61~3.82:1.60~1.28. However, mannitol in cultured C. sinensis and cultured C. militaris were less than 5.83%, and free glucose was only detected in a few samples, while their polysaccharides were mainly composed of mannose, glucose and galactose with molar ratios of 1.00:3.01~1.09:3.30~1.05 and 1.00:2.86~1.28:1.07~0.78, respectively. Natural and cultured Cordyceps could be discriminated by hierarchical clustering analysis based on its free carbohydrate contents.

Evaluation of Carbohydrates in Pukekohe Longkeeper and Grano Cultivars of Allium cepa

Evaluation of Carbohydrates in Pukekohe Longkeeper and Grano Cultivars of <i>Allium cepa</i>

The influence of stock plant fertilization on tissue concentrations of N, P and carbohydrates and the rooting of Prosopis alba cuttings

Clonal propagation techniques are required for Proposis due to great variability in biomass productivity, pod productivity, and nitrogen fixation from seed propagated stock. Previous studies identified a decline in the rooting percentage of cuttings taken from stock plants that were grown in the growth chamber and harvested every four weeks. To determine the influence of the mineral nutrient status of the stock plants on the rooting of cuttings, fertilized and nonfertilized Prosopis alba clone B 2 V 50 stock plants were established under 1000 W metal halide lamps in the greenhouse. A complete macro- and micronutrient solution was used. The regrowth was harvested after 4, 8, 12, 16, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and total available carbohydrate evaluation ( N=79). The mean rooting percentage for the five harvest cycles was 58% for the fertilized stock plants, and 44% for the nonfertilized stock plants ( P=0.087). There was no significant correlation between rooting percentage and leaf carbohydrate ( P=0.964), stem carbohydrate ( P=0.876) and leaf plus stem phosphorus ( P=0.319). The nonsignificant correlation between percent rooting and carbohydrates was negative ( r=−0.018). However, there was a significant correlation with stem nitrogen and percent rooting ( P=0.009) and an inverse correlation between stem nitrogen and leaf carbohydrate content ( r−0.353, P=0.001). This suggests that unbalanced fertilizers, rich in nitrogen and low in P, K, and other nutrients, might stimulate stem N and be successful in maintaining high rooting percentage from stock plants.

Evaluation of carbohydrates in parenteral nutrition.

Evaluation of carbohydrates in parenteral nutrition.