Evaluation Of Antioxidant Capacity Research Articles

Bioactive compounds and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant capacities, antimicrobial properties, and effectiveness of cytotoxicity of three edible mushrooms from Egypt

Many edible mushrooms have been evaluated as new therapeutic alternatives with various activities. We focused this work to estimate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effects of three edible aqueous mushroom extracts: Agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom), Pleurotus ostreatus (pearl oyster mushroom), and Pleurotus pulmonarius (Phoenix mushroom). The biochemical analysis of extracts revealed marked variations for total carbohydrate, protein, phenolic, and flavonoid contents. The three extracts were tested for antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Pleurotus ostreatus had a potential antioxidant capacity with lowest IC50 value (13.26 µg/mL). Distinct variable degrees of antimicrobial activity were detected against five reference microbial strains, exerting the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 28 to 89 mg/ml. Agaricus bisporus exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against EAC cells with cell viability 68% and showed an evidenced inhibitory action against human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) based on Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay.

Collagen peptide fractions from tilapia (Oreochromis aureus Steindachner, 1864) scales: Chemical characterization and biological activity

This research project was focused on the isolation of compounds from natural sources and their chemical characterization and biological activity were evaluated. Tilapia is a popular fish and large amounts of byproducts are generated from its industrialization. Considering the abundance of this waste and its low value-added uses, collagen can be recovered at low costs. Collagen has low toxicity, good compatibility, biodegradability, and functional properties in foods. Thus, industrial byproducts could be considered as a valuable source for the recovery of collagen and the isolation of collagen peptides. In this work, fish scales were used to isolate hydrolyzed collagen using papain. Two fractions of collagen peptides were separated: F1 (5–10 kDa peptides) and F2 (<5 kDa peptides) through molecular weight cut-offs to evaluate the biological activity improvement.Characteristic functional groups of native collagen were identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The most abundant total amino acids were glycine, hydroxyproline, and proline, while the predominant free amino acids were glycine, tyrosine, and proline. In the evaluation of antioxidant activity and capacity, F1 presented the highest antioxidant content and required the least amount of sample to inhibit 50% of the ABTS and DPPH radicals (IC50). An antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli of clinical origin was observed, although the fraction had no effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, hydrolyzed collagen is a valuable resource for the production of peptides with bioactive properties to be used in various applications.

Rapid pretreatment-free evaluation of antioxidant capacity in extra virgin olive oil using a laser-nanodecorated electrochemical lab-on-strip

An electroanalytical lab-on-a-strip device for the direct extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) antioxidant capacity evaluation is proposed. The lab-made device is composed of a CO2 laser nanodecorated sensor combined with a cutter-plotter molded paper-strip designed for EVOOs sampling and extraction. Satisfactory performance towards the most representative o-diphenols of EVOOs i.e., hydroxytyrosol (HY) and oleuropein (OL) were achieved; good sensitivity (LODHY = 2 µM; LODOL = 0.6 µM), extended linear ranges (HY: 10–250 µM; OL: 2.5–50 µM) and outstanding reproducibility (RSD < 5%, n = 3) were obtained in rectified oil. The device was challenged for the extraction-free analysis of 15 different EVOO samples, with satisfactory recoveries (90–94%; RSD < 5%, n = 3) and correlation with classical photometric assays (r ≥ 0.91). The proposed device includes all analysis steps, needs 4 µL of sample, and returns reliable results in 2 min, resulting portable and usable with a smartphone.

Kidney Bean Substitution Ameliorates the Nutritional Quality of Extruded Purple Sweet Potatoes: Evaluation of Chemical Composition, Glycemic Index, and Antioxidant Capacity

The extrusion process may influence the nutritional profiles of carbohydrate-rich food ingredients, including the glycemic index (GI) and antioxidant capacity. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional profile of extruded purple sweet potato (EPSP) substituted with kidney bean flour (KBF) (0, 30, and 40%). These foods were further characterized by their proximate composition, resistant starch, polyphenols, GI, and antioxidant capacities. The 40% KBF substitution enhanced the protein and fiber contents of the EPSP by up to 8% and 6%, respectively. Moreover, it also revealed that EPSP with 40% KBF substitution had a low-GI category (53.1), while the 0 and 30% substitution levels had a high-GI category, i.e., 77.4 and 74.7, respectively. However, the extrusion processing reduced the anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity of purple sweet potato flour containing 40% KBF by 48% and 19%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the GI values of proteins, fats, and fibers (p < 0.05). The insignificant effect of resistant starch and phenol contents on GI value was recorded due to the low concentrations of those components. KBF substitution could ameliorate the profile of protein, fiber, and GI, but not for antioxidant capacity. The other innovative processes for preserving antioxidant capacity might improve the product quality.

Exploiting Kinetic Features of ORAC Assay for Evaluation of Radical Scavenging Capacity.

The analysis and interpretation of data retrieved from Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assays represent a challenging task. ORAC indexes originate from different mathematical approaches often lacking correct elucidation of kinetic features concerning radical scavenging reactions by antioxidant compounds. In this work, the expression of ORAC values as area under fluorescein (FL) decay curves (AUC) and lag time are critically compared. This multi-parametric analysis showed the extension of radical scavenging reactions beyond the lag time period for caffeic acid, gallic acid, reduced glutathione and quercetin, extending their antioxidant protection of FL. Ethanol delayed the reaction of both FL and antioxidant compounds with free radical species generated from 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride thermolysis. Trolox equivalent values, commonly used to express ORAC values, were more affected by the differences in radical scavenging kinetics between the reference and the tested antioxidant compounds when calculated from AUC than from lag time. These findings stressed the importance of choosing calibrator compounds presenting ORAC kinetics similar to samples to prevent biased estimation of the antioxidant capacity. Additionally, the framework proposed here provides a sustainable analytical method for the evaluation of antioxidant capacity, with an AGREE score of 0.73.

Evaluation of Serum Protein Carbonyl Levels and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients With Basal Cell Carcinoma

The Article Abstract is not available.

A multi-line platinum nanozyme-based lateral flow device for the colorimetric evaluation of total antioxidant capacity in different matrices.

The evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), namely the complete pattern of antioxidant species in a complex medium, is of major interest in many fields ranging from health monitoring to quality control in the food industry. In this framework, point-of-care (POC) testing technologies are a promising diagnostic solution for rapid on-site analyses, unlike laboratory based-assays, which are often limited by centralized analyses, time-consuming and costly procedures, and invasiveness in the case of health diagnostics. In this work, we developed a POC methodology that evaluates TAC in different matrices, exploiting the peroxidase-like properties of 5 nm platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), combined with a colorimetric paper-based device. Notably, we designed and optimized a multi-line PtNPs-based Lateral Flow Assay (LFA), which relies on three sequential test lines with increasing concentrations of platinum nanozymes, to get a non-invasive, accurate, and fast (10 minutes) colorimetric evaluation of the body TAC in saliva samples. Furthermore, we employed the device as a prototype of a quality control tool in the food industry, for the determination of the TAC in fruit juices.

PRE-TREATMENTS AND DRYING METHODS ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF WILD MUSHROOMS (Suillus luteus) FROM APURIMAC-PERU

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of pre-treatments and drying methods on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of edible wild mushrooms, Suillus luteus, collected in the pine forests of the Apurimac region, Peru. Two immersion pre-treatments were used: 5% lemon juice and 6% vinegar. Mushroom caps were cut into 3-cm thick slices, immersed at a ratio of 1:5 (w-v), and subsequently dried by direct solar drying and indirect solar drying using a fitotoldo (shade cover). The proximate composition, rehydration, color, total polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (DPPH capacity), and sensory evaluation were determined for each sample. The results showed significant differences (p 0.05) between the treatments. Higher rehydration rates were observed in the samples subjected to direct solar drying and fitotoldo drying without pre-treatment, as well as those treated with vinegar. Regarding color, luminosity (L ) significantly decreased in the dried samples compared to the fresh sample. In the proximate analysis, the untreated samples had protein, crude fiber, and ash contents of 23.67 g 100 g, 11.10 g 100 g, and 5.59 g 100 g, respectively. Free-nitrogen extract (FNE) content increased to 47.13 g 100 g as mushrooms lost water. TPC and antioxidant capacity decreased significantly in the dried samples, but the pre-treated samples with vinegar recorded higher values of 8.38 mg GAE g and 54.13 umol TE g, respectively. In the sensory evaluation, the samples pre-treated with vinegar had higher color, texture, and acceptability scores. Thus, the use of a fitotoldo without pre-treatment and with vinegar pre-treatment is the most efficient method for drying Suillus luteus mushrooms.

Effects of Continuous LPS Induction on Oxidative Stress and Liver Injury in Weaned Piglets

Due to imperfections in their immune and digestive systems, weaned piglets are susceptible to invasions of the external environment and diseases, especially bacterial infections, which lead to slow growth, tissue damage, and even the death of piglets. Here, a model of weaned piglets induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was established to explore the effects of continuous low-dose LPS induction on the mechanism of liver injury. A total of forty-eight healthy 28-day-old weaned piglets (weight = 6.65 ± 1.19 kg) were randomly divided into two groups: the CON group and LPS group. During the experimental period of thirteen days, the LPS group was injected intraperitoneally with LPS (100 μg/kg) once per day, and the CON group was treated with the same volume of 0.9% NaCl solution. On the 1st, 5th, 9th, and 13th days, the serum and liver of the piglets were collected for the determination of serum biochemical indexes, an antioxidant capacity evaluation, and histopathological examinations. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of the TLR4 pathway and inflammatory cytokines were detected. The results showed that the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the serum increased after LPS induction. The activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the serum and liver homogenate of the LPS group were lower than those of the CON group, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the serum and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver of the LPS group were higher than those in the CON group. At the same time, morphological impairment of the livers occurred, including hepatocyte caryolysis, hepatocyte vacuolization, karyopycnosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration, and the mRNA expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were upregulated in the livers after LPS induction. The above results were more obvious on the 1st and 5th days of LPS induction, while the trend during the later period was not significant. It was concluded that the oxidative stress and liver injury occurred at the early stage of LPS induction, while the liver damage weakened at the later stage. The weaned piglets probably gradually developed tolerance to the endotoxin after the continuous low-dose induction of LPS.

Evaluation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Different Parts of Averrhoa carambola L.

Averrhoa carambola L. belonging to the Oxalidaceae family has fruits with attractive star shape. Total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity of various parts of A. carambola have been studied to explore active extracts for novel antioxidant compounds. Methanol extract of bark contained the highest amount of phenolic constituent (125 mg GAE/g of dry extract). However, hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts contained the maximum number of flavonoids and were 45, 92 and 72 mg QE/g of dry extract, respectively. Since the bark possessed the highest antioxidant capacity, it contained more phenolic compounds than other extracts of fruits and leaves. Total antioxidant capacity of hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of bark were 62, 117 and 151 mg AAE/g of dry extract, respectively. The results recommend that the bark part can be a good source of phenolic compounds as it showed the highest antioxidant capacity. The fruit and leave parts are also rich sources of antioxidant compounds. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 147-151, 2022 (December)

Effects of magnetization with neodymium magnets treatment on blueberry wine ageing

The feasibility of magnetization treatment, using neodymium magnets, for blueberry wine ageing was investigated. Two magnetization ageing devices with different operating modes (M1, circulation between two tanks; M2, single-tank circulation) were used to treat new blueberry wine. Changes in the basic characteristics, phenolic substances, antioxidant capacity, and sensory properties were evaluated. The magnetization treatment induced a faster change in the basic characteristics of the wine compared to that of the control. The magnetized blueberry wine showed higher total phenol content, antioxidant capacity, and more volatile compounds. Sensory evaluation showed that the quality of blueberry wine was improved during magnetization ageing. Moreover, the positive influence of the M1 mode on the aforementioned properties was greater than that of the M2 mode. However, when the treatment time was more than 8 weeks, the antioxidant capacity, color, and sensory evaluation of the magnetized blueberry wine were worse than those of the control. These results proved that magnetization treatment could significantly accelerate the early ageing process of blueberry wine. The effect of M1 on the ageing process was better than M2.

Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and digestive enzyme activities in Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to nanoplastics under different patterns of hypoxia

In the marine environment, plastic pollution may occur simultaneously with hypoxia. However, current ecological risk assessments of nanoplastics have rarely considered the impact of additional environmental factors, such as hypoxia. In this study, we investigated the effect of polystyrene nanospheres (PS-NPs) on the digestive performance (antioxidant system and digestive enzymes) of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis under different patterns of hypoxia (normoxia, constant hypoxia, and fluctuating hypoxia). The result showed that PS-NPs caused oxidative damage in the digestive glands of mussels, while all patterns of hypoxia exacerbated this oxidative damage. Activities of four digestive enzymes (α-amylase, cellulase, trypsin, and lipase) were examined. Among these, the activity of the α-amylase was inhibited by PS-NPs, and the inhibition was aggravated by all the hypoxia patterns. The cellulase activity and trypsin activity was enhanced by PS-NPs, and the increase was further stimulated by hypoxia. Lipase activity was not affected by PS-NPs alone, but significant inhibition was detected after the coexposure to PS-NPs and hypoxia. Conclusively, the combined stress of hypoxia and nanoplastics can significantly affect the digestive performance of mussels and may alter the mussel nutrient uptake strategy. Our work has provided new insight into the ecological risk assessment of plastics under global climate change.

Fresh-Cut Eruca Sativa Treated with Plasma Activated Water (PAW): Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity, Polyphenolic Profile and Redox Status in Caco2 Cells.

Plasma Activated Water (PAW) has recently emerged as a promising non-chemical and non-thermal technology for the microbial decontamination of food. However, its use as a replacement for conventional disinfection solutions needs further investigation, as the impact of reactive species generated by PAW on nutritional food quality, toxicology, and safety is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate how treatment with PAW affects the health-promoting properties of fresh-cut rocket salad (Eruca sativa). Therefore, the polyphenolic profile and antioxidant activity were evaluated by a combination of UHPLC-MS/MS and in vitro assays. Moreover, the effects of polyphenolic extracts on cell viability and oxidative status in Caco2 cells were assessed. PAW caused a slight reduction in the radical scavenging activity of the amphiphilic fraction over time but produced a positive effect on the total phenolic content, of about 70% in PAW-20, and an increase in the relative percentage (about 44-50%) of glucosinolate. Interestingly, the PAW polyphenol extract did not cause any cytotoxic effect and caused a lower imbalance in the redox status compared to an untreated sample. The obtained results support the use of PAW technology for fresh-cut vegetables to preserve their nutritional properties.

A polymetallic nanozyme with high peroxidase mimetic activity for rapid evaluation of total antioxidant capacity

Consumption of foods with high total antioxidant capacity (TAC) can reduce the risk of several illnesses in humans caused by the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body. Therefore, it is awfully important to build a rapid and sensitive platform for detecting TAC. In this work, a one-pot synthesized Bi0.3Fe1.7MoO6 with intrinsic peroxidase-like activity was made up for the shortcomings of natural enzymes for TAC detection. The peroxidase-like activity was evaluated by TMB chromogenic system in the presence of H2O2. Bi0.3Fe1.7MoO6 showed a higher affinity for H2O2 and TMB than that of natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and can be used to establish ascorbic acid (AA) sensing platform, which achieved a low detection limit (0.77 nM) and a good linear range (8–64 μM). The method has been proved to be applicable for the selective, stable, and reproducible TAC determination of food samples. Furthermore, the established TAC detection method applied to actual samples endows great potential for nutrition assessment.

Study on Flavonoids and Bioactivity Features of Pericarp of Citrus reticulata "Chachi" at Different Harvest Periods.

Dry mature pericarp of Citrus reticulata "Chachi" (PCR), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Chachiensis, is a traditional Chinese medicine that displays characteristics of different usage at different harvest times in clinical use. The corresponding changes in the bioactive components in PCR from different harvest times remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, broadly targeted metabolomics technology was used to compare the differences in bioactive components among pericarps of PCR, which are the raw material of PCR at different growth stages. In the results, 210 kinds of flavonoid metabolites were detected. The content of hesperidin in red PCR harvested in December was higher than that in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (CRPV) and reddish PCR harvested from July to November. Furthermore, the content of nobiletin, tangeretin, and 3,3',4',5,6,7,8-heptamethoxyflavone in CRPV from July to September was higher than that in the PCR harvested at other times. In addition, the result of cluster analysis and PCA showed that CRPV harvested from July to September had an obvious grouping pattern with the reddish PCR and the red PCR harvested from October to December. Differential metabolites in six comparison groups (A1 vs. A6, A1 vs. A2, A2 vs. A3, A3 vs. A4, A4 vs. A5, A5 vs. A6) were 67, 48, 14, 51, 42, and 40, respectively. The common differential metabolite of four comparison groups was 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone (A1 vs. A2, A2 vs. A3, A3 vs. A4, A4 vs. A5). All the flavonoid differential metabolites screened were enriched in 16 metabolic pathways. Moreover, the results of the evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity indicated that CRPV in August was a suitable raw material for the production of antioxidants. Through molecular docking, the content of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 components in the PCR in October was higher than that in the PCR in other periods. These results further proved that PCR at different harvest times was endowed with different efficacy and usage due to the difference in the accumulation of bioactive components.

Surfactant-Mediated Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Purification of Antioxidants from Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai for Chemical- and Cell-Based Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation.

In this study, a surfactant-mediated ultrasonic-assisted process was used for the first time to produce an antioxidant-enriched extract from Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai (C. speciosa, a popular fruit grown widely in the temperate regions of China). Ultrasonic treatment at 51 °C and 200 W for 30 min with sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surfactant led to a phenolic yield of 32.42 mg/g from dried C. speciosa powder, based on single-factor experiments, the Plackett-Burman design and the Box-Behnken design. The phenolic content increased from 6.5% (the crude extract) to 57% (the purified extract) after the purification, using LSA-900C macroporous resin. Both the crude and purified extracts exhibited a significant total reducing power and DPPH/ABTS scavenging abilities, with the purified extract being more potent. The purified extract exerted significant antioxidant actions in the tert-butyl hydroperoxide-stimulated HepG2 cells, e.g., increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, while decreasing the reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels, through the regulation of the genes and proteins of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. Therefore, the extract from C. speciosa is a desirable antioxidant agent for the oxidative damage of the body to meet the rising demand for natural therapeutics.

Comparative extraction techniques of alkaloids and evaluation of antioxidant capacity from the fruits of Retama raetam

Comparative extraction techniques of alkaloids and evaluation of antioxidant capacity from the fruits of Retama raetam

Carbon dots as light-responsive oxidase-like nanozyme for colorimetric detection of total antioxidant capacity in fruits

Evaluation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in fruits is essential for dietary guidance and health monitoring. Here, we have exploited light-response carbon dots (CDs) as oxidase-like nanozyme to determine the TAC of fruits. The CDs possess excellent oxidase-like activity with light stimulation due to the accelerated intramolecular charge transfer caused by abundant electron donating/drawing groups in precursors. The scavenger experiment reveals that the catalytic intermediate could be hydroxyl radical, which can oxidize the colorimetric substrate. With the introduction of antioxidants, the oxidization of colorimetric substrate will be alleviated due to the scavenging of this intermediate by antioxidants. Based on this, we have successfully detected three antioxidants and obtained TAC of fruits with desirable results. This work affords a rapid, cost-effective and convenient analysis tool for TAC, as well as building a strong bridge between CDs and the development of photo-responsive oxidase-like nanozymes.

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Prinsepia utilis Royle Leaf and Seed Extracts.

Our study was designed to screen the antibacterial potency of Princepia utilis leaf and seed extract and to measure their antioxidant effects, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and total carbohydrate content. Collected samples were extracted by cold maceration. Hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and distilled water were used as extraction solvents. In the disc diffusion method, P. utilis ethyl acetate leaf extract was most prominent against Staphylococcus epidermis with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 13.83 mm. Similarly, methanolic leaf extract was most prominent against Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI-12.33 mm). Furthermore, the methanolic seed extract was most sensitive against Klebsiella pneumoniaee (ZOI-11.66 mm) Escherichia coli (ZOI-9.0 mm). The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 0.5 mg/mL and 0.6 mg/mL, respectively, were shown by ethyl acetate leaf extract against S. epidermis. Similarly, the highest values of MIC and MBC, i.e., 20.8 mg/mL and 33.3 mg/mL, respectively, were shown by hexane leaf extract against S. epidermidis. On the other hand, evaluation of antioxidant capacity revealed that ethyl acetate leaf extract showed the maximum antioxidant effect (IC50: 66.69 μg/mL). The total flavonoid contents of different extracts were measured in the range of 37 ± 0.74 μg QE/mg dry extract weight (methanolic seed extract) to 321.84 ± 4.82 μg QE/mg dry extract weight (hexane seed extract). Likewise, the total polyphenol content ranged from the hexane leaf extract (17.33 ± 0.642 μg GAE/mg dry extract weight) to ethyl acetate leaf extract (62.56 ± 1.284 μg GAE/mg dry extract weight). We found a variation in total carbohydrate content in the range of 23.55 ± 1.125 μg glucose/mg dry extract weight (hexane leaf extract) to 96.63 ± 2.253 μg glucose/mg dry extract weight (aqueous leaf extract). Overall, this study revealed that leaf and seed extract of P. utilis exhibited noteworthy antibacterial effects against diverse pathogenic microorganisms.

Mannich bases of alizarin: synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant capacity

Mannich bases of alizarin: synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant capacity