Evaluation Of Antioxidant Activity Research Articles

Evaluation of antioxidant activity in different Egyptian barley cultivars: an in vitro and in silico study

Evaluation of antioxidant activity in different Egyptian barley cultivars: an in vitro and in silico study

Silver sulphide nanoparticles (Ag2SNPs) synthesized using Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract for enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant properties.

In this study, silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2SNP's) were successfully produced by using fruit extracts of Phyllanthus emblica. UV-vis, FTIR, XRD with SEM and EDX techniques were used for the synthesis process and for characterization of the resulting nanostructures. According to the findings, the fabricated nanostructure had a monoclinic crystal structure, measuring 44 nm in grain size, and its strain was 1.82 × 10-3. As revealed by SEM analysis, the synthesized nanostructure consists of irregular spherical and triangular shapes. The presence of silver (Ag) and sulfur (S) was also confirmed through EDX spectra. Furthermore, Ag2S nanoparticles were tested for their ability to effectively inhibit gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial growth. As a result of this study, it was clearly demonstrated that Ag2S nanoparticles possess powerful antibacterial properties, particularly when it came to inhibiting Escherichia coli growth. Ag2S nanoparticles had high total H2O2 and flavonoid concentrations and the greatest overall antioxidant activity, according to the evaluation of antioxidant activity of the samples. The results obtained from the P. emblica fruit extract were followed by those obtained from Ag2S nanoparticles were reported in detail. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Innovative Ag2SNP synthesis using Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract. SEM with EDX revealed a monoclinic crystal structure with a grain size of 44 nm and a strain of 1.82 × 10-3. Many of these applications are demonstrated by the potential of Ag2SNPs to treat and combat bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli. A peak at 653 cm-1 indicates the presence of primary sulfide aliphatic C-S extension vibrations. The abundant H2O2 and NO2 found in P. emblica nanocomposites make them potent antioxidants.

Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and identification of bioactive compound from the marine diatom, Odontella aurita extract

Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress, with its damaging effect extending to the mitochondria and plasma membrane. Further, prolonged inflammation can result in chronic disease development. The marine microdiatom Odontella aurita is recognized for its potential in food and pharmaceutical development. Moreover, it contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, studies regarding the efficacy of their varying extract forms and their underlying mechanisms remain scarce. Therefore, this study aims to explore the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Odontella aurita extracts obtained using various extraction methods (hot water, 70% ethanol, and chloroform:methanol (CM)). Among the three Odontella aurita extracts, the CM extract demonstrated superior efficacy in protecting RAW 264.7 cells from H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. It significantly lowered the levels of ROS and enhanced the expression of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, the CM extract outperformed other extracts in inhibiting LPS-induced nitric oxide production, reducing mRNA levels in nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase, and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα. Additionally, CM extract effectively suppressed the activation of NF-κB/IκBα and JAK2-STAT3 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. HPLC–UV analysis revealed a remarkable 33-fold higher fucoxanthin content in CM compared to the ethanol extract. GC–MS analysis identified elevated levels of cholest-5-en-3-ol, phytol, eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester, methyl palmitate, palmitoleic acid methyl ester, and neophytadiene in the CM extract. These findings suggest that Odontella aurita CM extract is a promising antioxidant candidate for preventing or treating inflammatory diseases, consequently emphasizing its potential for further development.Graphical

Phytochemical Screening, Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Green Tea Available in Nepal

Green tea has gained popularity among consumers in recent years due to its several health benefits. It exhibits antioxidant properties, antidiabetic effects, and helpful to reduce cholesterol, stress, and anxiety. This study aims to identify the phytochemicals and assess the antioxidant and antidiabetic capacity of methanol extracts of green tea common in Nepal. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods. The antioxidant capacity was assessed using the 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging technique, while the starch-iodine method was employed to measure the α-amylase inhibition capability. Phytochemical screening showed the abundance of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and carbohydrates in the tea. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 54.20 ± 1.41mg GAE/g and 91.0.50 mg QE/g respectively. The tea extract was found to show significant antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition capacities with half-maximal concentration (IC50) values of 53.79 ± 3.93 and 66.47 ± 1.94 μg/mL respectively. The outcomes of this study ratify the advantages of green tea in the management of various health issues associated to free radicals and hyperglycemia.

Fermented or not fermented: a comparative study of the biological activities and microbiomes of a non‐fermented green tea and a five‐year‐old fermented tea prepared from young leaves of Shan tea

SummaryCamellia sinensis var. shan is a special tea variety in Vietnam that is in high demand, especially its fermented products. This study compared the total polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, and microbiome of a green Shan tea and a five‐year‐old fermented Shan tea. Folin–Ciocalteu, DPPH and SRB assays were used for TPC, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity evaluation. The isolated microbes were morphologically and molecularly identified. The TPC (126.59 mg g−1) and antioxidant activity (IC50 of 284.82 μg mL−1) of the green tea were significantly higher than those of the fermented tea. However, the latter showed a significantly higher cytotoxicity against liver cancer cells (inhibiting 73.84% cells at 1 mg mL−1). Notably, the green tea had a negligible number of microbes, but the fermented tea had a much richer microbiome with Aspergillus restrictus (4.7 × 104 CFU g−1), A. ruber (1.76 × 103 CFU g−1), A. pseudoglaucus (1.32 × 103 CFU g−1), A. cibarius (8.8 × 102 CFU g−1), Bacillus cereus (1.13 × 104 CFU g−1), Peribacillus frigoritolerans (4.0 × 102 CFU g−1) and B. amyloliquefaciens (2.0 × 102 CFU g−1) present. These microbes are either harmless or beneficial, except for B. cereus (can cause food poisoning at >106 CFU g−1). The fermented tea would appear to have some advantages over the green tea. However, the presence and density of B. cereus should be monitored.

Evaluation of TPC, TFC, and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of Piper longum L.

Evaluation of TPC, TFC, and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of Piper longum L.

Synthesis, characterization, and comprehensive computational analysis of aromatic hydrazone compounds: Unveiling quantum parameters, evaluating antioxidant activity, and investigating molecular docking interactions

This study presents a synergistic approach encompassing experimental synthesis, computational analysis, and antioxidant activity evaluation of two aromatic hydrazone compounds, namely 4-[(2E)-2-(2-nitrobenzylidene) hydrazinyl] benzoic acid (NBHZ) and 4-[(2E)-2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazinyl] benzoic acid (HBHZ). Efficient synthesis yielded impressive quantities (70 % and 58 %, respectively), and structural characterization employed IR, UV–Vis, and NMR spectroscopy. Antioxidant potential was assessed using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, revealing distinct capabilities of NBHZ and HBHZ, each featuring a nitro (NO2) and a hydroxy (OH) group, respectively, at the ortho position. HBHZ exhibited superior efficacy (IC50 = 1.15 μg/mL) compared to NBHZ (IC50 = 2.1 μg/mL) and the standard antioxidant BHT (IC50 = 1.83 μg/mL). Computational analyses using Gaussian 09 at the B3LYP/6–311 G(d,p) level elucidated electronic characteristics, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), HOMO-LUMO energies, and global reactivity descriptors. VEDA 4 further investigated vibrational behavior and potential energy distribution (PED), topological analyses electron localization function (ELF), localized orbital locator (LOL), average localized ionization energy (ALIE), and reduced density gradient (RDG) were identified to evaluate their interactions. Thermochemical parameters explored antioxidant mechanisms (hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer–proton transfer (SET–PT), and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET)). Molecular docking via iGEMDOCK revealed binding interactions with the target NADPH oxidase. These findings not only provide insights into the compounds' antioxidant potential but also underscore the impact of specific molecular features on their properties. This integrated approach contributes to advancing the understanding of hydrazone compounds, guiding the design of materials with tailored functionalities for applications in oxidative stress mitigation.

Development of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) essential oil encapsulates by ionic gelification and evaluation of antioxidant activity

The objective of this work was to develop a product capable of protecting Syzygium aromaticum (clove) essential oil against high volatility. Clove oil (CEO) was encapsulated in alginate by ionic gelation with subsequent freeze-drying. Characterization was carried out by GC/MS, TGA/DSC and antioxidant (DPPH), and total phenol (Folin-Ciocalteau) analysis. Eugenol was the majority (81.5%) and the encapsulation efficiency varied between 14.0%+0.96 (F1: 1.0% alginate) and 9.8%+0.35 (F2: 2.0% alginate) in wet encapsulates, and 23.5%+0.14 (LF1: 1.0% alginate) and 16.9%+0.16 (LF2: 2.0% alginate) in freeze-dried encapsulates. The total phenol content reached 714.8+0.97 EAG g-1 in LF1, with strong inhibition of the DPPH radical (71.4%). Freeze-drying provided a higher percentage of active ingredients per gram of encapsulated and it was possible to identify high thermal stability in LF1 (mass loss: 81.8%; 258.9 °C) compared to wet encapsulates (mass loss: 86.5%; 65.8°C). The use of the lowest concentration of alginate seems to have been favorable. In this way, the accessible technology used allows preserving the content and properties of the CEO, offering a basis for new encapsulated research.

Antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of biogenic copper oxide nanoparticles in diabetic rats.

Metabolic disorders like hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress and obesity are often associated with diabetes mellitus. Health problems related to these disorders are on a rise globally. Although nanotechnology based approaches have been explored for diabetes treatment, specific information on alleviation of the associated health problem is scanty. Here we report the beneficial effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuOnpls) for the control of hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress caused due to diabetes. Wistar rats were fasted overnight and type 2 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of freshly prepared nicotinamide followed by streptozotocin. Induction of diabetes was confirmed by estimation of blood glucose levels of the animals. Estimation of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) from the serum was carried out for ascertaining hyperlipidemia. Biogenic CuOnpls (spherical, 88.25nm diameter) capped with bud extract of Syzygium aromaticum and α-tocopherol were administered in the animals per-oral route. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined to evaluate antioxidant activity of CuOnpls. The nanoparticles were characterized for surface chemical groups by SEM and HRLC-MS. The nanoparticles revealed novel surface groups responsible for site-specific delivery and beneficial effects. Diabetic rats showed enhanced serum BG, TC, TG and LDL levels and reduction in levels of HDL-c, SOD, CAT and GSH. Administration of CuOnpls caused significant reversion of the effects of diabetes on lipid profile and oxidative stress enzymes. The results pointed to the beneficial effects of CuOnpls for management of post-diabetes complications.

Evaluation of antioxidant activity and fermentation properties of potential probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7720 in plant-based materials

People on vegan diets are at risk of being deficient in varied nutrients such as vitamin B12 and certain amino acids. In this study, we investigated vitamin B12-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as well as the probiotic and antioxidant properties. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7720 was screened from 22 strains of LAB that were isolated from different plant foods, and its growth ability and extracellular vitamin B12-producing capacity in vitamin B12-deficient medium were investigated. To determine whether HY7720 functions as a probiotic, survival rate in the simulated gastrointestinal tract and adhesion property to human intestinal epithelial cells of HY7720 were compared with positive control, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). Moreover, the results showed that HY7720 recovered the gene expression levels of tight junction-associated proteins (TJPs), including TJP1, TJP2, occludin (OCLN), and claudin-1 (CLDN1) and inhibited the secretion levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, we verified that HY7720 exhibit the antioxidant potential, by showing its intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stimulated Caco-2 cells. The ability of HY7720 to ameliorate H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells was inhibited by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, indicating that its antioxidant responses are related to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK). This study also investigated the nutritional qualities of three plant-based materials (brown rice, white rice, and soy milk) fermented using HY7720. Collectively, HY7720 could be used as a promising probiotic strain for the prevention of nutritional deficiencies among people on vegetarian diets.

Evaluation and identification of antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and phytotoxic activities of Asplenium dalhousiae Hook. a potential medicinal pteridophyte

Evaluation and identification of antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and phytotoxic activities of Asplenium dalhousiae Hook. a potential medicinal pteridophyte

Beta maritima mediated silver Nanoparticles: Characterization and evaluation of Antibacterial, Antifungal, and antioxidant activities

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their large surface area, which enhances their energy and antimicrobial activity. This study focused on producing silver nanoparticles using leaves from the Beta maritima (vulgaris) plant. Various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) to characterize the synthesized AgNPs. The biologically synthesized AgNPs were then evaluated for their antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) and antioxidant properties using different agents such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2 azobis, 3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and phosphomolybdate. The results showed that the AgNPs exhibited strong antifungal activity, particularly against fluconazole-resistant strains of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, with a 61 % inhibition rate. Moreover, the AgNPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against various strains. At a concentration of 40 µg/mL, they exhibited 26 % inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, 22 % against Micrococcus luteus, 18 % against E. coli, and 24 % against Klebsiella pneumonia, outperforming clarithromycin antibiotics. SEM analysis revealed spherical AgNPs, sized using nano measurer 1.2, EDX showed the presence of silver having composition at 80.38 %, and XRD confirmed a face-centered cubic crystalline structure. In addition to their characterization, the AgNPs also displayed strong antioxidant activity. At the same concentration, they showed percentages of 80.78 % (DPPH), 85.38 % (H2O2), 81.78 % (ABTS), and 80.66 % (phosphomolybdate), surpassing the antioxidant activity of the plant leaf extract alone. The synthesis of AgNPs using the extract of the Beta maritima (vulgaris) plant offers several advantages compared to other methods, including ease of handling, cost-effectiveness, wide availability, and eco-friendliness.

Betacyanin, Antioxidant Activity and Shelf-life Evaluation of Thermally, Microwave, and Chemically Processed Lime-flavored Dragon Fruit Ready to Serve Beverage

The exploration regarding the utilization of cacti family fruits into the directly consumable drink is limited. So, study was conducted to explore utilization of local fruit lime for preparation of lime-flavored dragon fruit ready to serve beverage, and processed with thermal, microwave, and chemical treatments to increase the shelf-life of beverage. Standardizing lime juice in dragon fruit ready to serve (RTS) beverages, optimizing thermal, microwave, and chemical treatments, and studying shelf life were the goals of this study. Dragon fruit RTS beverage was made with 12% fruit juice, 12°Brix total soluble solids (TSS), and 0.1% citric acid after a preliminary sensory study. Dragon fruit RTS with 3% lime juice tasted best. The standardized RTS beverage was thermal (70, 80, and 90°C for 5, 10, and 15 min), microwave (900 W power density for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 sec), and chemical (500, 1000, and 1500 ppm ascorbic acid incorporation) treated to optimize betacyanin content, antioxidant activity, and sensory evaluation. RTS beverage thermally treated at 70°C for 5 min, a 30-second microwave treatment at 900 W, and RTS beverage with 500 ppm ascorbic acid were found best on betacyanin, antioxidant activity, and sensory basis. The shelf life of optimized RTS beverage was tested at room temperature and refrigerated. During storage at the both temperatures, there were significant variations in pH, TSS, betacyanin content, and sensory qualities. The best retention of betacyanin content was reported on the 6th day of ambient storage for lime-flavored dragon fruit RTS beverage with 500 ppm (10.04 mg/L) with overall acceptability of 5.57. For refrigerator storage, lime-flavored dragon fruit RTS beverage with 500 ppm ascorbic acid retained 24.26 mg/L betacyanin and 5.68 overall acceptability on the 60th day. Additionally, the lime-flavored dragon fruit RTS beverage with 500 ppm ascorbic acid retained betacyanin better than other treatments during ambient and refrigerated storage.

Evaluation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, and Antioxidant Activities of Seed Extracted from Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Spices

Evaluation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, and Antioxidant Activities of Seed Extracted from Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Spices

Advances in Research on the Activity Evaluation, Mechanism and Structure-Activity Relationships of Natural Antioxidant Peptides.

Antioxidant peptides are a class of biologically active peptides with low molecular weights and stable antioxidant properties that are isolated from proteins. In this review, the progress in research on the activity evaluation, action mechanism, and structure-activity relationships of natural antioxidant peptides are summarized. The methods used to evaluate antioxidant activity are mainly classified into three categories: in vitro chemical, in vitro cellular, and in vivo animal methods. Also, the biological effects produced by these three methods are listed: the scavenging of free radicals, chelation of metal ions, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, inhibition of oxidative enzyme activities, and activation of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic systems. The antioxidant effects of natural peptides primarily consist of the regulation of redox signaling pathways, which includes activation of the Nrf2 pathway and the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. The structure-activity relationships of the antioxidant peptides are investigated, including the effects of peptide molecular weight, amino acid composition and sequence, and secondary structure on antioxidant activity. In addition, four computer-assisted methods (molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, quantum chemical calculations, and the determination of quantitative structure-activity relationships) for analyzing the structure-activity effects of natural peptides are summarized. Thus, this review lays a theoretical foundation for the development of new antioxidants, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics.

Physicochemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity Evaluation of an Acidic Polysaccharide from Alpinia officinarum Hance.

AHP-3a, a triple-helix acidic polysaccharide isolated from Alpinia officinarum Hance, was evaluated for its anticancer and antioxidant activities. The physicochemical properties and structure of AHP-3a were investigated through gel permeation chromatography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The weight-average molecular weight of AHP-3a was 484 kDa, with the molar percentages of GalA, Gal, Ara, Xyl, Rha, Glc, GlcA, and Fuc being 35.4%, 21.4%, 16.9%, 11.8%, 8.9%, 3.1%, 2.0%, and 0.5%, respectively. Based on the results of the monosaccharide composition analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR spectroscopy, the main chain of AHP-3a was presumed to consist of (1→4)-α-D-GalpA and (1→2)-α-L-Rhap residues, which is a pectic polysaccharide with homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) structural domains containing side chains. In addition, the results of the antioxidant activity assay revealed that the ability of AHP-3a to scavenge DPPH, ABTS, and OH free radicals increased with an increase in its concentration. Moreover, according to the results from the EdU, wound healing, and Transwell assays, AHP-3a can control the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 and Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells without causing any damage to healthy cells. Thus, AHP-3a may be a natural antioxidant and anticancer component.

Metabolically Tailored Selection of Ornamental Rose Cultivars through Polyamine Profiling, Osmolyte Quantification and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities

Roses (genus Rosa), renowned for their economic significance and aesthetic appeal, face multifaceted challenges in cultivation due to biotic and abiotic stressors. To address these challenges, this study explores the role of osmolytes, particularly polyamines, proline and glycine betaine, as well as antioxidant capacities and condensed tannins, in enhancing stress tolerance in roses. Despite the genetic diversity inherent in roses, the metabolic aspect of stress tolerance has been underexplored in breeding programs. This paper investigates the intraspecific variability among 22 rose cultivars, focusing on osmolyte content (proline and glycine betaine), individual polyamines (putrescine, spermine and spermidine), as well as antioxidant activities, measuring radical scavenging capacity against 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+) and NO• radicals. Employing a targeted metabolomic approach, we quantified the levels of individual polyamines in both the petals and leaves of rose cultivars. This was achieved through high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescent detection following a derivatization pretreatment process. Within the evaluated cultivars, “Unique Aroma”, “Andre Rieu”, “Aroma 3”, “Frayla Marija” and “Trendy Fashion” stood out for their significantly elevated levels of total foliar polyamines. The predominant polyamine detected at both petal and leaf levels was putrescine, with concentrations ranging from 335.81 (“Zora Frayla”) to 2063.81 nmol g−1 DW (“Unique Aroma”) at the leaf level. Following putrescine, foliar spermidine levels varied from 245.08 (“Olivera Frayla”) to 1527.16 nmol g−1 DW (“Andre Rieu”). Regarding antioxidant capacity, the leaf extracts of rose cultivars “Zora Frayla” and “Natalija Frayla” were prominent by showing 68.08 and 59.24 mmol Trolox equivalents (TE) g−1 DW, respectively. The results highlight the intricate biochemical variability across rose cultivars and show that osmolytes, such as glycine betaine, proline and polyamines, and other biochemical markers can be used as reliable criteria for the selection of rose cultivars that are more resilient to biotic stress factors, especially powdery and downy mildew. Bridging fundamental research with practical applications, this study aims to contribute to the development of stress-tolerant rose cultivars adaptable to dynamic environmental conditions.

When sustainability meets health and innovation: The case of Citrus by-products for cancer chemoprevention and applications in functional foods

Peel, pomace and seeds represent secondary products derived from production and manufacturing processes of Citrus spp. However, thanks to the novel policies of circular economy, sustainability and valorization of agro-wastes, Citrus by-products have become a precious source of energy and natural beneficial compounds used for manifold applications, from biofuels to dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, to food additives and bio-preservatives. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the bioactivities, functionalize, stabilize and use these products or part of them (e.g., extracts, oils, powders, purified compounds). In this context, this study discusses properties, technological processing and extraction, functions and health implications of Citrus by-products as cancer chemopreventive agents, and lays a special emphasis on the stabilization, encapsulation and delivering of Citrus by-products phytochemicals and formulations. As the extraction and isolation are key aspects of phytochemicals availability the first objective of this study was to critically examine innovative and non-conventional techniques. Subsequently, to have a comprehensive understanding of bioactivity underlying the complex anticancer actions through various mechanisms, the methods/assays for antiproliferative, proapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity evaluation were introduced, and the models and biomolecules were presented, using the methodologies of extensive literature search and meta-analysis. Upcoming perspectives and the current and future framework were also discussed.

Evaluation of bacteriostatic and antioxidant activities of various extracts from aerial part of Piper nigrum grown in Gulf countries traditionally used for the treatment of various infectious diseases

AbstractPiper nigrum (P. nigrum) is a tropical medicinal plant widely available in Southeast Asian countries including Oman. In Asian It has a long history of usage in places such as Oman for treating of rheumatism, colds, and various infections. Based on the medicinal uses, the purpose of this research is to create diverse fractions using increasing solvent polarity from the aerial part of the collected plant species and evaluate their antibacterial and antioxidant activities by using established bioassays. The aerial part was collected from the Southern part of Oman and processed using the standard method. The processed materials were recovered using the maceration method using methanol, and the methanol raw extracts was further fractionated with water extraction, butanol, ethyl acetate (ETA), hexane, and dichloromethane are produced using different liquid polarities. Each of the six plant extracts was tested for antioxidant and antibacterial potential at different concentrations against DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and agar diffusion methods. All of the fractions at varied concentrations shown promising antioxidant activity with DPPH against the gallic acid. The maximum activity was observed in hexane extract, while the smallest potential was noticed in butanol extract, in the following order: hexane > chloroform > water > methanol > ethyl acetate > butanol extract. The antibacterial efficacy of six different polarities extracts gives moderate activity against two Gram-positive bacteria strains namely S. saprophyticus and S. aureus and three Gram-negative namely P. vulgaris, K. senegalensis and E. coli. Among the six extracts, hexane extract had the most antibacterial activity, whereas butanol extract had the smallest activity. The remaining four extracts, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water, all had comparable activity. In conclusion, the extracts with the greatest activity from the chosen plant types might be employed as natural antioxidants to treat infectious disorders.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Chemical Profiling of Commiphora myrrha Resin Extracts and Evaluation of Larvicidal, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities.

Plant extracts and essential oils can be alternative environmentally friendly agents to combat pathogenic microbes and malaria vectors. Myrrh is an aromatic oligum resin that is extracted from the stem of Commiphora spp. It is used in medicine as an insecticide, cytotoxic, and aromatic. The current study assessed the effect of Commiphora myrrha resin extracts on the biological potency of the third larval stage of Aedes aegypti, as well as its antioxidant and cytotoxic properties against two types of tumor cells (HepG-2 and Hela cell lines). It also used GC-MS to determine the chemical composition of the C. myrrha resin extracts. Fifty components from the extracted plant were tentatively identified using the GC-MS method, with curzerene (33.57%) typically listed as the primary ingredient, but other compounds also make up a significant portion of the mixture, including 1-Methoxy-3,4,5,7-tetramethylnaphthalene (15.50%), β-Elemene (5.80%), 2-Methoxyfuranodiene (5.42%), 2-Isopropyl-4,7-Dimethyl-1-Naphthol (4.71%), and germacrene B (4.35%). The resin extracts obtained from C. myrrha exhibited significant efficacy in DPPH antioxidant activity, as evidenced by an IC50 value of 26.86 mg/L and a radical scavenging activity percentage of 75.06%. The 50% methanol extract derived from C. myrrha resins exhibited heightened potential for anticancer activity. It demonstrated substantial cytotoxicity against HepG-2 and Hela cells, with IC50 values of 39.73 and 29.41 µg mL-1, respectively. Notably, the extract showed non-cytotoxic activity against WI-38 normal cells, with an IC50 value exceeding 100 µg mL-1. Moreover, the selectivity index for HepG-2 cancer cells (2.52) was lower compared to Hela cancer cells (3.40). Additionally, MeOH resin extracts were more efficient against the different growth stages of the mosquito A. aegypti, with lower LC50, LC90, and LC95 values of 251.83, 923.76, and 1293.35 mg/L, respectively. In comparison to untreated groups (1454 eggs/10 females), the average daily number of eggs deposited (424 eggs/L) decreases at higher doses (1000 mg/L). Finally, we advise continued study into the possible use of C. myrrha resins against additional pests that have medical and veterinary value, and novel chemicals from this extract should be isolated and purified for use in medicines.