Evaluation Of Antidiabetic Activity Research Articles

Evaluation of antidiabetic activities of linseed (linum usitatissimum l.) Sprout extracts in adult Streptozotocin-induced (a-stz) long-evan rats

The study investigates the anti-diabetic properties of linsseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) sprout extracts in adult streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Long-Evan rats, addressing the limitations of existing treatment strategies in Bangladesh. The diabetic rats were administered orally with 400 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extracts of linseed sprout with a lab diet and glibenclamide as a positive control. Blood sugar levels were measured before, after, and after STZ injection in Long- Evan rats. The lipid profiles and liver function tests were performed. Administration of extracts of linseed sprouts and a standard anti-diabetic drug reduced the glucose level from 9.1 mmol/l to 6.0 mmol/l and 10.5 mmol/l to 6.6 mmol/l , respectively. The study also showed a healthy level of liver function tests and lipid profiles. The in vivo analysis of the potential antidiabetic activity of linseed sprouts in the STZ-induced diabetic mouse model might be used to treat and manage diabetes. Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(3): 503-510, 2024 (September)

Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Galinosa parviflora in Diabetic Rats

Galinosa parviflora commonly known as Potato weed widely used in traditional system of medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus In the present study, Methanol extract of Galinosa parviflora (MEGP) leaves were subjected to phytochemical investigation and evaluated for antidiabetic activity in STZ induced diabetic rats. MEGP (100, 200 mg/kg) and Glibenclamide (5mg/kg) were administered orally in STZ (60mg/kg, i.p.) induced diabetic rats. In acute oral toxicity (OECD Guide line 423) study, administration of MEGP no mortality upto 1000 mg/kg was observed. OGTT, Fasting blood glucose level, body weight, plasma insulin, were evaluated in normal and diabetic rats. preliminary phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins as the major constituents in the methanol extract of Galinosa parviflora. These results suggest that MEGP (200mg/kg) showed antihyperglycemic activity in STZ induced diabetic rats.

Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) through inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase: an in vitro study

Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) through inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase: an in vitro study

Design, synthesis, characterization and biological screening of novel thiosemicarbazones and their derivatives with potent antibacterial and antidiabetic activities

Thiosemicarbazones and their derivatives were synthesized by reacting carbonyl compounds with thiosemicarbazide, followed by treatment with metal salts. The prepared thisemicarbazones such as (2E)-2-[(1,5,7-trichloronaphthalen-2-yl)-methylidene]-hydrazine-1-carbothioamide,(2E)-2-[(1,5,7-trihydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-methylidene]hydrazine-1-carbothioamide and these were characterized by using diverse spectral techniques, such as UV–Vis and FT-IR. The synthesized compounds were subsequently evaluated for their antibacterial properties against Gram(+) Bacillus subtilis and Gram(-) Escherichia coli, using ciprofloxacin as a reference, as well as for their anti-microbial activities. For the evaluation of anti-diabetic activity, Acarbose served as the reference. Molecular docking results indicated that WS-1 and WS-2 exhibited superior performance against Alpha-glucosidase proteins, evidenced by their lowest binding energies (−8.1 and −8.3 kcal/mol) respectively compared to other ligands. These findings suggest that WS-1 and WS-2 are promising candidates for further research and development by pharmaceutical companies to explore additional biological activities.

Synthesis of novel oxadiazole derivatives: DFT calculations, molecular docking studies, and in vitro, in vivo evaluation of antidiabetic activity using Drosophila melanogaster model

Synthesis of novel oxadiazole derivatives: DFT calculations, molecular docking studies, and in vitro, in vivo evaluation of antidiabetic activity using Drosophila melanogaster model

Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Anti Diabetic Activity Using Momordica charantia (Leaf & Stem) Extracts in Alloxan Induced Rats

Purpose: Current procedure is to find out the effect of anti-diabetic using Momordica Charantia (leaf and stem) extracts on Alloxan induced experimental rats. Methods: The leaf and stem extracts of Momordica charantia were prepared by using cold maceration technique. The obtained filtrates are then subjected to a distillation process to obtain pure and concentrated products. The phytochemical studies were performed for both the extracts. Wet granulation method was done for preparation of tablets. The α-Amylase inhibition assay was done to both leaf and stem extracts as an in vitro method and Alloxan induced anti diabetic method was done as an in vivo process for the experimental animals. At last creatinine and urea levels were estimated. Results: The phytochemical results of both leaf and the stem extracts were shown positive for phenols, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, oils, fats and for alkaloids. The weight of the granules were reduced and found to be F1- 15.32gm, for granules F2-14.37gm, for granules F3-14.39gm and for granules F4- it was 13.83gm. For α-amylase inhibition assay the standard acarbose 58.70% of inhibition for 100 μg/ml concentrations, the leaf extract showed 80.58% of inhibition for 100μg/ml concentration and the stem extract showed 86.45% of inhibition for 100μg/ml concentration. In fasted rats for the extract-1 (leaf) the highest blood glucose level was seen at 0 min as 82(mg/dl) and for the extract-2(stem) the highest blood glucose level was seen at 0 min as 84(mg/dl). And for the Oral glucose tolerance test the extract-1(leaf) the highest blood glucose level was seen at 120 min as 119(mg/dl) and for the extract-2(stem) the highest blood glucose level was seen at 120 min as 108(mg/dl). Conclusion: The study attests to the therapeutic effects of the chosen plant extracts, which have been demonstrated to help prevent and regulate blood glucose levels. Furthermore, in managing diabetes and its associated problems. Momordica charantia plant extracts from the leaves and stems have demonstrated anti-hyperglycemic properties. The results of this investigation indicated that there was a notable antidiabetic response to the treatment using plant extracts (leaf < stem).

Nanocurcumin-Based Sugar-Free Formulation: Development and Impact on Diabetes and Oxidative Stress Reduction.

The objective of this study is the development of innovative nanocurcumin-based formulations designed for the treatment and prevention of oxidative stress and diabetes. Nanocurcumin was obtained through a micronization process and subsequently encapsulated within biopolymers derived from corn starch and fenugreek mucilage, achieving encapsulation rates of 75% and 85%, respectively. Subsequently, the encapsulated nanocurcumin was utilized in the formulation of sugar-free syrups based on Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. The stability of the resulting formulations was assessed by monitoring particle size distribution and zeta potential over a 25-day period. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed a particle size of 119.9 nm for the fenugreek mucilage-based syrup (CURF) and 117 nm for the corn starch-based syrup (CURA), with polydispersity indices PDIs of 0.509 and 0.495, respectively. The dissolution rates of the encapsulated nanocurcumin were significantly enhanced, showing a 67% improvement in CURA and a 70% enhancement in CURF compared with crude curcumin (12.82%). Both formulations demonstrated excellent antioxidant activity, as evidenced by polyphenol quantification using the 2.2-diphenyl 1-pycrilhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In the evaluation of antidiabetic activity conducted on Wistar rats, a substantial reduction in fasting blood sugar levels from 392 to 187 mg/mL was observed. The antioxidant properties of CURF in reducing oxidative stress were clearly demonstrated by a macroscopic observation of the rats' livers, including their color and appearance.

Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Datura Stramonium Leaves Extract in Diabetic Swiss Albino Mice

INTRODUCTIONDiabetes mellitus is defined as the increase in blood glucose levels associated with a relative insulin deficiency, insulin resistance or both. Datura stramonium is commonly known as Jimson weed or Datura belongs to family Solanaceae containing different types of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, phenols and glycosides. MATERIAL AND METHODSExtraction was done by maceration process using ethanol as solvent. Swiss albino mice of 20-35 gram were taken as study animal. Diabetes was induced by using Alloxan 20 mg/kg body weight and Glibenclamide 10 mg/kg body weight was used as standard. Ethanolic extract of low dose (50 mg/kg) and high dose (100 mg/kg) were subjected for Anti-diabetic activity. RESULTSThe extract treated 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and standard 10 mg/kg showed highly significant reduction in blood glucose level (BGL) on 21st and 28th day respectively when compared to negative control group. Extract treated 100 mg/kg showed significant improvement on high density lipoprotein when compared to negative control group. Extract treated 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and standard 10 mg/kg showed highly significant improvement in lipid profile when compared to negative control group. Extract treated 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and standard 10 mg/kg showed significant body weight gain when compared to negative control group. Extract treated 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg showed significant improvement in food intake. Extract treated 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg showed highly significant but standard treated 10 mg/kg showed significant improvement in water intake. CONCLUSIONThe present study concludes that the extract possesses potent and significant anti-diabetic activity of Datura stramonium leaves.

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Nephelium lappaceum L. against Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Type-II Diabetes in Wistar Albino Rats

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Nephelium lappaceum L. against Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Type-II Diabetes in Wistar Albino Rats

Phytochemical Screening, In Silico Molecular Docking, ADME Properties, and In Vitro Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Antidiabetic Activity of Marine Halophyte Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort.

Medicinally valuable components derived from natural resources are highly desirable as prospective alternatives to synthetic drugs to treat fatal diseases, such as cancer and diabetes mellitus. Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort (Amaranthaceae) (S. maritima) is a halophyte plant that can thrive in saline environments and possesses excellent medicinal properties. Hence, for the present investigation, S. maritima has been chosen, and its phytochemical constituents have been extracted utilizing various solvents, including hexane, acetone, and methanol, and identified by GC-MS, LC-MS, and HPLC analyses. The antioxidant activity of the compounds using DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power assays demonstrated that all three extracts of S. maritima possessed significant radical scavenging activity comparable to standard ascorbic acid with lower IC50 values (69.20-95.58 μg/mL). In addition, the evaluation of antidiabetic activity by α-amylase inhibition and α-glucosidase inhibition methods revealed that the acetone extract of S. maritima (SMAE) displayed equipotent activity of standard acarbose with an IC50 of 32.6 μg/mL. Advantageously, SMAE also exhibited better inhibition activity against the growth of lung cancer cells with an IC50 of 78.19. μg/mL and less toxicity on the noncancerous HUVEC cells with a high IC50 of 300 μg/mL. In addition, the cancer cell death mechanism via the apoptotic pathway induced by SMAE was confirmed by DAPI staining and ROS analysis. The analysis of ADME properties, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, witnessed that the physicochemical and druglikeness factors were best catered by stigmasterol, γ-sitosterol, and vitamin E. Further, the key phytochemicals identified from SMAE were docked with CtBP1 and SOX2 bound to importin-α target proteins associated with carcinogenic pathways using Schrodinger software. The results showed that the phytochemicals, scilicet, stigmasterol, γ-sitosterol, octadecadienoic acid, and vitamin E, showed a good binding affinity with Glide scores in the range -2.845-4.018 kcal/mol. Overall, the findings support that the least investigated traditional edible medicinal mangrove-related S. maritima is high in pharmacologically active constituents and might be one of the finest sources of naturally derived molecules for drug development and delivery systems.

Evaluating the biological (antidiabetic) potentialof TEM, FTIR, XRD, and UV-spectra observed berberis lyceum conjugated silver nanoparticles.

Diabetes is a life-threatening disease that affects different parts of the body including the liver, kidney, and pancreas. The core root of diabetes is mainly linked to oxidative stress produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Berberis lyceum Royle (BLR) is the source of natural products. It comprises numerous bioactive compounds having antioxidant activities. In the current investigation, silver nanoparticles from BLR root extractwere synthesized, characterized, and assessed for antidiabetic potential. UV spectrophotometry, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied for the characterization of NPs. It was evident from the morphological studies that the synthesized NPs were spherical and the average size was 11.02 nm. Results revealed that BLR-AgNPs showed higher radical scavenging activity as compared to BLR extract. Moreover, BLR-AgNPs displayed superior in vivo and in vitro antidiabetic activity in comparison to BLR extract. Glucose level (116.5 ± 5.1 mg/dL), liver function test (ALAT: 54.038 ± 6.2 IU/L; ASAT: 104.42 ± 13.9 IU/L; ALP: 192.6 ± 2.4 IU/L; bilirubin: 1.434 ± 0.14 mg/dL; total protein: 5.14 ± 0.24 mg/dL), renal function test (urea: 39.6 ± 0.63 mg/dL; uric acid: 21.4 ± 0.94 mg/dL; creatinine: 0.798 ± 0.03 mg/dL; albumin: 4.14 ± 0.2 mg/dL), lipid profile level (cholesterol: 101.62 ± 3 mg/dL; triglyceride: 110.42 ± 7 mg/dL; HDL-C: 29.7 ± 3 mg/dL; LDL-C: 47.056 ± 1 mg/dL; VLDL-C: 22.0 ± 1.3 mg/dL) and hematology (WBCs: 3.82 ± 0.24 103 /μL; RBCs: 4.78 ± 0.42 106 /μL; Hb: 12.6 ± 1.0 g/dL; Hematocrit: 39.4 ± 3.7%; MCV: 65.8 ± 3 fL; platelets: 312 ± 22.4; neutrophils: 34.8 ± 1.87; eosinophils: 3.08 ± 0.43; monocytes: 3.08 ± 0.28; lymphocytes: 75.6 ± 3.77) confirmed the significant antidiabetic potential of BLR-AgNPs. Histopathological examination authenticatedthat BLR-AgNPs causeda significant revival in the morphology of the liver, kidney, and pancreas. Hence, findings of the study suggested theBLR-AgNPs as a potent antidiabetic agentand could be an appropriate nanomedicine to prevent diabetes in future. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Berberis lyceum extract as a reducing, capping, and stabilization agent for the BLR-AgNPs synthesis Evaluation of α-amylase inhibition, antioxidant, and α-glucosidase inhibition potential Thorough characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and UV-VIS spectrophotometer, which is 1st of its kind In-vivo antidiabetic activity evaluation through multiple biomarkers.

Preparation and evaluation of antidiabetic activity of mangiferin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles

This study aimed to develop and optimize mangiferin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (MG-SLNs) using the microemulsion technique and ultrasonication. The MG-SLNs were composed of Labrafil M 2130 CS, MG, ethanol, Tween 80, and water. The optimized MG-SLNs exhibited a particle size of 138.37 ± 3.39 nm, polydispersity index of 0.247 ± 0.023, entrapment efficiency of 84.37 ± 2.43 %, and zeta potential of 18.87 ± 2.42 mV. Drug release studies showed a two-fold increase in the release of MG from SLNs compared to the solution. Confocal images indicated deeper permeation of MG-SLNs, highlighting their potential. Molecular docking confirmed mangiferin's inhibitory activity against α-amylase, consistent with previous findings. In vitro studies showed that MG-SLNs inhibited α-amylase activity by 55.43 ± 6.11 %, α-glucosidase activity by 68.76 ± 3.14 %, and exhibited promising antidiabetic activities. In a rat model, MG-SLNs significantly and sustainably reduced blood glucose levels for up to 12 h. Total cholesterol and triglycerides decreased, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased. Both MG-SOL and MG-SLNs reduced SGOT and SGPT levels, with MG-SLNs showing a more significant reduction in SGOT compared to MG-SOL. Overall, the biochemical results indicated that both formulations improved diabetes-associated alterations. In conclusion, the study suggests that loading MG in SLNs using the newly developed approach could be an efficient oral treatment for diabetes, offering sustained blood glucose reduction and positive effects on lipid profiles and liver enzymes.

Preparation of Novel 3,4,5‐Triaryl‐1,2,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives: Molecular Docking and α‐Glucosidase assessment

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) has become a growing health problem, across all globe. Many factors have contributed into this issue, among them inappropriate lifestyle, unhealthy eating habits and growing spiritual/mental concerns are to be rated higher. Likewise much research needed to be diverted in progress for treatment of DM. Herein, we report synthesis and antidiabetic activity evaluation of ten novel phenolic derivatives of triaryl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole 7 a–j. The compounds have synthesized using multistep reactions in acceptable purity and yields. Final step was done using 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction between various Schiff bases and arylnitrile oxides. 7 a–j were characterized by spectroscopic methods (1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and IR) and their purities were confirmed using elemental analysis. All 7 a–j were evaluated for their α‐Glucosidase inhibitory activity. All compounds showed higher activity in inhibiting the enzyme, in comparison to standard, acarbose. Compounds 7 e and 7 g exerted the best activity with the IC50 value of 193.6 and 222.0 μM respectively. Furthermore, enzyme kinetic study approach was adopted to judge the effect of 7 e on enzyme inhibition. Finally, docking simulations revealed the possible mode of interactions between 7 e and 7 g and enzyme active sites. Final conclusion of results showed that oxadiazole scaffold/s are a potential antidiabetic target.

Isolation and Quantification of Palmatine from Fibraurea tinctoria Lour: In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and In Silico Antidiabetic Activity Evaluation.

This study aimed to isolate and characterize palmatine from Fibraurea tinctoria Lour stems, quantify its content, and determine its antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Palmatine was isolated from the methanol extract of Fibraurea tinctoria Lour stems by silica gel column chromatography. Structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was performed using spectral data analysis and comparison with the literature. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantitatively determine palmatine in the crude methanol extract and fractions. The DPPH and non-enzymatic SOD mimic methods were used to assess the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract, fractions, and isolated compounds. The antidiabetic activity was evaluated in silico by the molecular docking method of alpha-glucosidase and DPP-IV enzymes. Palmatine was used as a test ligand and was compared with berberine and its native ligand or standard compounds. The isolated compound was identified as palmatine. Quantification of palmatine compound by HPLC showed that palmatine was found in the extract and all fractions. In the in vitro antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method, fraction 4 showed the highest activity, with an IC50 value of 91 ppm. In contrast, using the non-enzymatic SOD mimic method, the methanol extract, fraction 5, and isolated compound (palmatine) exhibited very strong antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 18, 20, and 28 ppm, respectively. The in silico antidiabetic activity of palmatine is thought to have the potential to inhibit these two enzymes. These results showed that Fibraurea tinctoria Lour stems have potential as an antioxidant and antidiabetic agent. Further research on phytochemical and pharmacological is required to validate the use of this plant species for the treatment of various diseases, especially diabetes mellitus.

In vitro anti-diabetic activity evaluation of standardized extracts of Bambusa tulda roxb.

In vitro anti-diabetic activity evaluation of standardized extracts of Bambusa tulda roxb.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Azadirachta indica Seeds Extract: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable, life-threatening syndrome that is present all over the world. The use of eco-friendly, cost-effective, and green-synthesised nanoparticles as a medicinal therapy in the treatment of DM is an attractive option. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AI-AgNPs) were biosynthesized through the green synthesis method using Azadirachta indica seed extract to evaluate their anti-diabetic potentials. These nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometers (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), DLS, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The biosynthesized AI-AgNPs and crude extracts of Azadirachta indica seeds were evaluated for anti-diabetic potentials using glucose adsorption assays, glucose uptake by yeast cells assays, and alpha-amylase inhibitory assays. Al-AgNPs showed the highest activity (75 ± 1.528%), while crude extract showed (63 ± 2.5%) glucose uptake by yeast at 80 µg/mL. In the glucose adsorption assay, the highest activity of Al-AgNPs was 10.65 ± 1.58%, while crude extract showed 8.32 ± 0.258% at 30 mM, whereas in the alpha-amylase assay, Al-AgNPs exhibited the maximum activity of 73.85 ± 1.114% and crude extract 65.85 ± 2.101% at 100 µg/mL. The assay results of AI-AgNPs and crude showed substantial dose-dependent activities. Further, anti-diabetic potentials were also investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Mice were administered with AI-AgNPs (10 to 40 mg/kg b.w) for 30 days. The results showed a considerable drop in blood sugar levels, including pancreatic and liver cell regeneration, demonstrating that AI-AgNPs have strong anti-diabetic potential.

Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Isolated Fractions of Allium Sativum

The present study focuses the determination of the anti-diabetic activity of the extracted fractions of Allium sativum in rats with diabetes induced through STZ. The 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg doses of Allium sativum were given to the rats for 28 days. Using the accu-chek active test meter, blood glucose levels were measured to assess the anti-diabetic effects of the isolated fractions. Additionally, a comparison was made with the standard anti-diabetic medication, Pioglitazone, was given to another group of rats at a normal dose of 2.7 mg/kg. The results revealed that Allium sativum had significant anti-diabetic activity. Also, the Allium sativum remained safe till 300 mg/kg in acute toxic and 1000 mg/kg in sub-acute toxic studies and had photochemically. From these findings it can be inferred that Allium sativum has lowered FBG in experimentally induced diabetic rats.

Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles of Gymnema sylvestre Extract on Wistar Rats

Diabetes mellitus is described as a metabolic disorder, which was characterised by high blood glucose levels, which were resulted due to insufficient insulin secretion. There were major complications related to diabetes mellitus. To evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Gymnema sylvestre Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Streptozotocin (STZ) of 50mg/kg is used for the induction of diabetes into Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 6 groups. Group-I represented as Control; Group-II represented as diabetic control (STZ ); Group-III represented as 5 mg/kg body weight of glibenclamide + diabetes; Group-IV represented as Gymnema sylvestre extract + diabetes; Group-V represented as 100 µg Gymnema sylvestre Zinc Oxide nanoparticles + diabetes; group-6- Gymnema sylvestre Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles 200 µg + diabetes. The GsZnONPs were inspected to morphological properties using UV spectrophotometer and FTIR. The GsZnONPs shown characterization peak at 300nm. The study has shown that GsZnONPs treated group has shown reduced glucose concentration. The histo-pathological alterations were also studied in all experimental groups. The pathology results of GsZnONPs (200 µg) group has shown the regeneration of islets cells of pancreas. The research study has proved that Gymnema sylvestre ZnO NPs exerts antidiabetic properties.
 Keywords: Diabetes, Gymnema sylvestre, Zinc Oxide nanoparticles

Pharmacological Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Myricetin in Different Cell Lines

The aim of this research work was to perform pharmacological evaluation of Myricetin by using different cell lines. To check the short-term cytotoxic effect of Myricetin in HepG2 and L6 cells, a colorimetric based MTT assay was performed also the glucose utilization in both HepG2 and L6 cells was estimated in order to measure the in vitro anti-diabetic activity of Myricetin. For Lipid accumulation T3-L1 preadipocytes cells are used. For measurement of nitric oxide (NO) the RAW-264.7 cells are used. The alpha-amylase assay and alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay was performed to check if our drug is having effect in term of inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to check the expressions of iNOS protein in LPS treated RAW 264.7 cells before and after the exposure of Myricetin. The cytotoxicity data suggested that Myricetin displayed low level of cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells and in L6 myoblast cell lines. For glucose utilization experiment, it discovered that glucose uptake level was notably increase in HepG2 cells and in L6 myoblast cell lines with the increasing concentration of Myricetin. Myricetin increase lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and also inhibits nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cell lines. Research was found that Myricetin had no significant effect in order to alter the expression of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Our research concludes that Myricetin can be used as a potent anti-diabetic agent.

Antidiabetic Potential of Vitex mombassae Fruits Extract in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Wistar Rat Model

Besides changes in life styles and improper dietary patterns, the rapidly increasing burden of diabetes mellitus type 2 is correlated with antidiabetic agents currently in clinical use, which are costly, less effective, and present undesirable side effects. Natural products from plants are promising alternative sources for developing more effective and cost friendly antidiabetic agents. This study therefore investigated the antidiabetic potential of Vitex mombassae fruits extract (VMFE) in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic Wistar rat model. Oral acute toxicity test was conducted in male Wistar rat using up and down method by following OECD Guideline 423 (2002). No clinical signs of toxicity were observed at 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) doses used in the assays. The LD50 value was estimated to be ˃ 2000 mg/kg b.w. In evaluation of antidiabetic activity, diabetic Wistar rats were administered with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg b.w. of VMFE. VMFE resulting into significant lowering of the levels of fasting blood glucose (p < 0.05) and increased of level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were reduced significantly (p < 0.05). Therefore, this study provides scientific evidence for antidiabetic activities of V. mombassae fruits extracts, and validates its traditional use in the management of diabetes mellitus type 2.