Performance Evaluation Of System Research Articles

Year-round performance evaluation of a solar-powered compact HDH desalination system for remote water scarce regions

Year-round performance evaluation of a solar-powered compact HDH desalination system for remote water scarce regions

Evaluation of Variable Frequency Drive System in Pumping Stations of Irrigation Networks Using INACSEM Model

ABSTRACTLimited resources for the construction of new irrigation networks and low performance of most of them have led to more attention to evaluate and improve the performance of networks. The use of automated systems to improve performance and increase flexibility in irrigation networks is expanding. Regarding the variety of equipment, algorithms and applications of various automated systems in different parts of irrigation networks, it is necessary to develop performance evaluation models that include all aspects of automation. In this research, the irrigation networks automatic control system evaluation model (INACSEM) has been prepared using the classical evaluation method to assess automated control systems in irrigation networks. In this model, evaluation includes both technical and general approach. The technical point of view includes the types of equipment, software and automated control structures and their application in different stages of operation in different parts of the network and the general approach, which includes the general aspects of evaluation, mainly the managerial, social, economic and environmental point of views. The remote‐control system [by variable frequency drive (VFD)] installed in the pumping stations of Moghan plain was examined in order to show the application of the developed model. The results of performance evaluation of the automatic system show a performance of 82% with a validity of 74% in the pumping stations of Moghan plain. The results indicate the suitability of the model for evaluating automated systems in irrigation networks. Considering all aspects of automation, it also shows the problems of its components.

A Review Study on the Construction of Medical Institution Service Quality Performance Evaluation System under the Background of Internet Plus

With the advent of the "Internet Plus" era, the medical service industry is undergoing a significant transformation. This paper systematically reviews and analyzes the construction process of the medical institution service quality performance evaluation system, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the improvement of service quality in internet hospitals. The article first introduces the challenges and opportunities faced by the medical service industry under the "Internet Plus" background, then discusses the definition, dimensions, and theoretical framework of medical service quality evaluation. Through a comparative analysis of the service quality evaluation systems of Chinese and American medical institutions, the similarities and differences in the construction of medical service evaluation systems between the two countries are revealed. Finally, based on the "Internet Plus" background, the paper proposes principles, objectives, indicator system design, and implementation and feedback mechanisms for constructing a service quality performance evaluation system. The research results indicate that constructing a comprehensive and objective service quality evaluation system is of great significance for optimizing resource allocation, innovating service models, improving service efficiency, and reducing service costs, which helps to promote the implementation of the Healthy China strategy.

Performance Evaluation of Ceiling Cooling with PCM in the Hot-Dry Climate of Yazd, Iran: An Experimental Analysis of Energy, Environmental, and Economic Impacts

The present study investigates experimental cooling from the ceiling using phase change materials (PCMs) in Yazd, a city characterized by a hot and dry climate. A one-fourth scale model of a real room, measuring 4 m × 3 m × 3 m, was employed for the analysis. To evaluate system performance and the impact of PCM on energy consumption reduction, three configurations were considered: a simple PCM system, a PCM system with a fan (PCM-F), and a PCM system with a mini cooler (PCM-C). Additionally, to assess the influence of window configurations on ventilation, temperature, and comfort conditions within the model, three scenarios were examined: two open windows, one open window, and no windows. The economic analysis compared the two systems with the fan and mini cooler against a full mechanical cooling system without PCMs. Furthermore, CO2 emissions and environmental impacts associated with the systems were also evaluated. The results indicate that the presence of PCMs in the ceiling, due to heat absorption during phase change, leads to a temperature reduction of 5 to 10 °C in the ceiling and a 3.2 °C reduction in the average room temperature compared to the scenario without PCMs. The findings demonstrate that ceiling cooling with PCMs significantly contributes to energy consumption reduction during peak hours of cooling demand. Specifically, the PCM-F system results in a 92% reduction, and the PCM-C system leads to a 71% reduction in total cost compared to the reference mechanical cooling system. Additionally, the PCM-F system achieves approximately a 36% reduction, and the PCM-C system results in a 34% reduction in environmental impact relative to the reference full mechanical cooling system.

Performance evaluation of indirect solar drying system for potato slices: Comparative analysis with open-sun drying method

In this study, a partially portable indirect solar dryer (ISD) was constructed and potato slice drying characteristics were analyzed compared to the open-sun drying (OSD) method. Potato slice samples were prepared and the experiment was carried out for two days. Weight reduction environment temperature, collector plate temperature, drying chamber temperature, and drying chamber inlet temperature were recorded from 10 AM to 6 PM. every 30 min to analyze various drying characteristics. Initially moisture content (MC) of the potato slices was 83 ± 2 % (wb); after drying the final MC was 11.7 ± 2 % (wb) for OSD and 7.7 ± 2.0 % (wb) for ISD system, both in 16 h. The highest drying rate (DR) of potato slices was 18.8 (g water/g solid h) after 8 h of open sun drying, and 16.97 (g water/g solid h after) 8 h. Rehydration ratios for OSD and ISD were found 4.32 and 4.20, respectively. Shrinkage factor for OSD was 61 %, whereas ISD had a shrinkage ratio of 70 %. The highest color change values were 6.32 and 8.13 in the ISD and OSD, respectively. Water activity was reduced from 0.95 to 0.42 in ISD and from 0.95 to 0.59 in OSD.

Impact of signal-to-noise ratio and contrast definition on the sensitivity assessment and benchmarking of fluorescence molecular imaging systems.

Standardization of fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) is critical for ensuring quality control in guiding surgical procedures. To accurately evaluate system performance, two metrics, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast, are widely employed. However, there is currently no consensus on how these metrics can be computed. We aim to examine the impact of SNR and contrast definitions on the performance assessment of FMI systems. We quantified the SNR and contrast of six near-infrared FMI systems by imaging a multi-parametric phantom. Based on approaches commonly used in the literature, we quantified seven SNRs and four contrast values considering different background regions and/or formulas. Then, we calculated benchmarking (BM) scores and respective rank values for each system. We show that the performance assessment of an FMI system changes depending on the background locations and the applied quantification method. For a single system, the different metrics can vary up to (SNR), . (contrast), and . (BM score). The definition of precise guidelines for FMI performance assessment is imperative to ensure successful clinical translation of the technology. Such guidelines can also enable quality control for the already clinically approved indocyanine green-based fluorescence image-guided surgery.

Impact of Job Satisfaction on the Young Community Engaged in the Plantation Jobs: Evidence from Sri Lanka

The plantation industry can be recognized as a sector that contributes greatly to the economy of Sri Lanka. However, it has been found that the labor shortage caused by the youth community leaving plantation jobs, especially in large-scale tea estates, has directly contributed to the decline in Sri Lanka’s tea production and export capacity. The main objective of this study is to identify the job satisfaction of the young people doing plantation jobs and its effect on the young community to leave the plantation jobs, about 106 young people working in the Spring Valley Tea Estate of Haliela Divisional secretariat, Badulla District, Sri Lanka were selected as a sample through stratified random sampling method. Primary data collection was done on the socio-economic data of the youth and their satisfaction with the internal factors of the job using questionnaires and interviews. Furthermore, Binary logistic regression model and Likert scale intervals were used for data analysis. According to research data, 78% of young people working on plantations are dissatisfied with their jobs. It was revealed that the internal factors of the job such as the low level of social acceptance of the job, the low salary paid by plantation management in comparison to alternative jobs, the inadequacy of basic facilities provided in the work environment, the weakness of residential facilities, problems in supervision, prolonged working hours, insufficient overtime and additional allowances have mainly affected to increasing job dissatisfaction of youth, and for they leaving from plantation employment. The binary logistic model revealed that there is a significant negative relationship between factors such as education level, age, and job satisfaction, and a significant positive relationship between daily income, service time, and job satisfaction. It was also possible to recognize that men are more likely to be satisfied with jobs compared to women. Accordingly, Measures such as providing formal training, adequate living wage, improving basic facilities in the work environment, providing quality residential facilities, developing job security, making a systematic and formal performance evaluation system, improving existing social recognition for plantation jobs, and introducing small-scale contract farming system (SCFS) to the youth in Plantation jobs can be recommended as the most appropriate measures that can be taken to prevent the youth working in tea estate from leaving the plantation jobs.

Intellectual Capital and Business Performance Management - Knowledge Management and the Value of Knowledge

Research background: In a global environment characterized by increasing competition, entities from various industrial sectors and geographical areas face a tremendous challenge to achieve sustainable performance improvement. We highlight the importance and relevance of addressing this issue in relation to gaining a competitive advantage and achieving enterprise success. Particularly significant is its connection with the key performance indicators of an organization. In the literature review and overview of expert knowledge, we present the opinions of selected authors and their areas of research in relation to the issue at hand. Purpose of the article: The research aim was to explore the use of performance evaluation systems through key indicators from the perspective of intellectual capital. Methods: Based on the research questions and formulated hypotheses related to performance specifically, qualifications, education, self-development, and employee recruitment - we highlighted the interdependence of these phenomena and their mutual connection to employee satisfaction and engagement. For qualifications, a linear model resulted in a determination coefficient of 0.093. indicating a 9.3% degree of variability in relation to employee recruitment. For education, it was 2.7% in relation to satisfaction, and for engagement, it was as low as 1.64%. Findings & Value added: Based on the research findings and hypothesis testing, we can conclude that in industrial enterprises within the service sector, sufficient attention is not yet paid to working with intellectual capital, and the hypotheses related to this area of research were not confirmed. There is recommended intensifying work with intellectual capital and building learning and growth processes on enhancing these potentials in line with modern trends. This requires further scientific research in this area and close collaboration with practice.

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Durability of Electric Power Utility Tunnel Concrete: A Field Investigation

Recently, the service life of electric power utility tunnels has been rapidly increasing; however, inspection and maintenance are difficult because of the characteristics of electric power utility tunnels. In addition, there are no detailed guidelines for electric power utility tunnels regarding the safety and maintenance of existing facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive performance evaluation system that reflects the characteristics of electric power utility tunnels. In this study, we determine and evaluate the factors influencing durability for the development of a comprehensive performance evaluation system for electric power utility tunnels via a field investigation.

Design and Optimization of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Structures

This research investigates the design and optimization of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) structures to enhance simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in cooperative relay networks. The integration of RIS technology with SWIPT offers promising opportunities to improve the energy efficiency and spectral efficiency of wireless communication systems. In this study, we propose novel RIS deployment strategies and optimization algorithms to maximize the performance of SWIPT-enabled cooperative relay networks. First, we analyze the fundamental principles of RIS-assisted SWIPT and cooperative relay networks, considering the unique characteristics and challenges of each component. We then formulate optimization problems to jointly optimize the placement of RIS elements, relay selection, transmit power allocation, and RIS phase configuration to achieve the desired trade-off between communication reliability, energy efficiency, and spectral efficiency. Furthermore, we develop efficient algorithms for channel estimation, feedback, and coordination among RIS, relays, and destination nodes to adapt to dynamic channel conditions and user requirements. We also investigate the impact of RIS deployment on the energy harvesting performance of SWIPT-enabled relay nodes, considering factors such as RIS reflection coefficients, relay-RIS distance, and incident signal power distribution. Moreover, we address security and privacy considerations in RIS-assisted SWIPT, including potential vulnerabilities, authentication mechanisms, and privacy-preserving communication techniques. Finally, we validate the proposed design and optimization techniques through comprehensive simulations and real-world experiments, considering practical constraints such as hardware implementation, energy harvesting efficiency, and deployment scenarios. Overall, this research contributes to advancing the understanding and practical implementation of RIS technology for SWIPT in cooperative relay networks, offering insights into the design, optimization, and performance evaluation of next-generation wireless communication systems.

A Study on the Performance Evaluation System for University Major Programs

A Study on the Performance Evaluation System for University Major Programs

Artificial Intelligence in Performance Evaluation (Case Study of PT. Pos Indonesia Employees)

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various aspects of human resource management, including employee performance evaluation. While existing studies have extensively explored the potential of AI in improving efficiency and objectivity, they often overlook the nuanced employee experiences and organizational dynamics that influence its successful implementation. This research bridges this gap by examining the perceptions and experiences of PT Pos Indonesia employees regarding the use of an AI-based performance evaluation system. Using a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design, data was collected through in-depth interviews with employees who have used the system for at least six months. The findings reveal that AI contributes significantly to enhancing efficiency and reducing subjectivity in evaluations. However, challenges such as algorithm bias, the relevance of performance metrics, and system transparency remain prevalent. Importantly, this study identifies critical factors influencing acceptance, including employee understanding, trust, and perceptions of fairness in the evaluation process. Unlike previous research, this study emphasizes the interplay between technological and human factors, highlighting the irreplaceable role of human interaction in providing qualitative context. This research extends the existing literature by offering a deeper understanding of employee-centered factors and organizational practices that facilitate the integration of AI in performance evaluation. Practically, it provides actionable insights for organizations aiming to implement AI-based systems effectively, ethically, and equitably.

Performance Evaluation of Rain Hose Irrigation System for Enhancing Water Productivity in Kerala, India

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of rain hose irrigation system in terms of discharge variation, moisture distribution, and uniformity coefficient at different operating pressures. The study revealed a linear relationship between operating pressure and discharge for rain hose irrigation system. Specifically, at pressures of 0.5 and 1.0 kg cm- ², increased pressure correlated well with higher soil moisture content along with 20% to 23% increase in moisture with greater water-infiltration depth. The distribution of moisture was found to be more uniform at higher pressures, achieving a uniformity coefficient of 74%. This uniformity was enhanced in the multilateral rain hose irrigation system with reduced spatial variation as compared to the single lateral system. As operating pressure increased, discharge per unit length also showed an increase, alongside the throw distance. The rain hose system is particularly advantageous for closely-spaced and shallow-rooted crops like onion, groundnut, and leafy green vegetables, ensuring consistent and high flow rates. The study suggested that regulating operating pressure is crucial for optimizing soil moisture levels, as higher pressures lead to deeper water infiltration. Notably, at a pressure of 1.5 kg cm- ², the system performed the best, yielding the optimum results for irrigation efficiency. In summary, the rain hose irrigation system proved effective at higher operating pressures, providing a reliable method for achieving uniform water distribution and adequate soil moisture for crops, which is essential for effective irrigation management.

Analysis of Innovative Strategies for Talent Team Development from the Perspective of Human Resource Management in Colleges and Universities

From a human resource management perspective, higher education institutions face the challenge of effectively attracting, developing, and retaining key academic talent, which is essential to ensure that the quality of education and research remains superior. This paper examines the challenges faced by higher education institutions in building their talent pipeline. There are four innovative countermeasures that higher education institutions can take based on the human resource management perspective, including comprehensively optimizing the talent recruitment and selection process, establishing a comprehensive performance evaluation system, promoting career development and continuous learning programs, and building an open and transparent communication and feedback mechanism. These countermeasures aim to optimize the talent structure and enhance management effectiveness. By implementing these management strategies, universities will not only be able to improve the quality of education and research but also be able to more effectively motivate and retain key talents, providing solid support for academic and teaching excellence.

Integrating Knowledge Graphs and Digital Twins for Heritage Building Conservation

This study presents a framework for integrating digital twins and knowledge graphs to enhance heritage building conservation, addressing challenges in environmental stress management, material degradation, and structural integrity while preserving historical authenticity. Using validated synthetic data, the framework enables real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and emergency response through a digital twin connected to a knowledge graph. Four scenarios were simulated to evaluate system performance: high humidity exceeding a 75% threshold triggered alerts for limestone maintenance; temperature fluctuations caused strain levels up to 0.009 units in load-bearing components at 35 °C, necessitating structural inspection; cumulative degradation monitoring projected re-plastering needs by month eight as the plaster degradation index approached 85%; and sudden impact events simulated emergency responses, with strain spikes over 0.004 units prompting real-time alerts within 2.5 s. Response times averaged 50 ms under normal conditions, peaking at 150 ms during high-frequency updates, showing robust Application Programming Interface (API) performance and data synchronization. SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) queries within the knowledge graph facilitated proactive maintenance scheduling, reducing reactive interventions and supporting sustainable heritage conservation, especially suited to humid–temperate climates. This framework offers a novel, structured approach that bridges modern technology with heritage preservation needs, addressing both urgent conservation challenges and long-term sustainability to ensure the resilience of heritage buildings.

A Survey of Scenario Generation for Automated Vehicle Testing and Validation

This survey explores the evolution of test scenario generation for autonomous vehicles (AVs), distinguishing between non-adaptive and adaptive scenario approaches. Non-adaptive scenarios, where dynamic objects follow predetermined scripts, provide repeatable and reliable tests but fail to capture the complexity and unpredictability of real-world traffic interactions. In contrast, adaptive scenarios, which adapt in real time to environmental changes, offer a more realistic simulation of traffic conditions, enabling the assessment of an AV system’s adaptability, safety, and robustness. The shift from non-adaptive to adaptive scenarios is increasingly emphasized in AV research, to better evaluate system performance in complex environments. However, generating adaptive scenario is more complex and faces challenges. These include the limited diversity in behaviors, low model interpretability, and high resource requirements. Future research should focus on enhancing the efficiency of adaptive scenario generation and developing comprehensive evaluation metrics to improve the realism and effectiveness of AV testing.

Evaluation of Occupational Health and Safety Management System Performance in Shipyard Businesses with FAHP and FPROMETHEE Methods

Shipyards are places where new ships are built, routine and mandatory maintenance and dismantling of ships are carried out and a wide range of work equipment and chemicals are used during these processes. The fact that most of the world is covered with water and that maritime transportation is advantageous compared to other types of transportation brings maritime transportation to the forefront. This situation also leads to an increase in work intensity in shipyards. Therefore, occupational health and safety (OHS) practices are also important in shipyards. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the OHS Management System (OHSMS) performances of shipyard enterprises and to rank the shipyard enterprises selected as alternatives according to their OHSMS performances in line with the determined criteria. In the first stage, five main and 16 sub-criteria as OHSMS performance criteria and five alternative shipyard enterprises were identified through literature research. In line with the expert opinions, the weights of the criteria were found with the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method, one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, and the alternative priority order for the criteria was determined with the Fuzzy PROMETHEE (FPROMETHEE) method using the results obtained from the FAHP method. As a result of the analysis, the main criterion "Management Review" was determined as the criterion with the highest weight ratio. As a result of the operations carried out with the criterion weights determined by FAHP, Shipyard 3 alternative was ranked first in terms of OHSMS performance in the priority ranking made by using FPROMETHEE method. In this study, OHSMS performance evaluation in shipyard enterprises has been carried out by using FAHP and FPROMETHEE methods, which are multi-criteria decision-making methods, and the findings have contributed to the shipyard sector and the literature.

Reliability Estimation of Parallel Systems with Diverse Failure Modes: Semi-Markov Model Approach

This paper introduces a novel system consisting of two dissimilar units operating in parallel, each with distinct failure modes. This flexibility in units characteristics minimizes the risk of simultaneous failures due to common causes. The system’s mathematical model is developed using a semi-Markov approach, and a numerical method based on the regenerative point technique is applied to estimate various reliability measures, such as the mean time to system failure (MTSF) and system availability. Failure rates are modeled as exponentially distributed, while repair rates are allowed to follow arbitrary distributions. Additionally, the proposed model undergoes graphical analysis to evaluate system performance under varying parameters.

Analytical performance evaluation of Flash10 point-of-care testing in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid detection

Objective: To evaluate the analytical performance of Flash10 point-of-care testing (POCT) in the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid. Methods: The analytical performance evaluation of the Flash10 POCT system and its matching kits was carried out based on the non-infectious phage virus-like particles (VLPs) samples and inactivated viral culture samples. The limit of detection (LoD) was evaluated by testing gradient-diluted non-variant and Omicron variants (BA.5 and BF.7) VLPs samples and negative samples and using Probit regression analysis. The precision was evaluated by testing non-variant and Omicron variants (BA.5 and BF.7) VLPs samples with concentrations of 3 000.00, 1 000.00, 333.33 and 111.11 copies/ml and calculating coefficient of variation (CV) for cycle threshold (Ct) value of ORF1ab gene and N gene. The analytical specificity was evaluated by detecting 13 common respiratory pathogens that can cause symptoms similar to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The testing ability of SARS-CoV-2 variants were assessed by detecting the VLPs samples with variants that have been prevalent worldwide (including Alpha, Beta, Delta, Omicron and so on). The sealing of this POCT system was evaluated by studying cross-contamination and the risk of contamination of nucleic acid amplification products. Results: The LoD of the Flash 10 POCT system for detecting non-variant samples and Omicron variant (BA.5, BF.7) samples were 92.97 copies/ml (95%CI: 63.68-196.27 copies/ml)、95.49 copies/ml (95%CI: 67.26-200.14 copies/ml) and 99.27 copies/ml (95%CI: 67.77-209.89 copies/ml), respectively, which aligned with the LoD (100 copies/ml) claimed by the reagent instructions. When detecting non-variant and Omicron variant (BA.5, BF.7) samples with four different concentrations, the CV of the Ct value of ORF1ab gene and N gene were 2.41% to 4.97% and 2.29% to 4.48%, respectively, which were all below 5%. The detection results of 13 common respiratory pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2 were all negative. The variants that have been prevalent worldwide can be correctly detected. The evaluation results of the risk of cross-contamination and nucleic acid amplification products contamination indicated that the Flash 10 POCT testing system was well sealed. Conclusion: The Flash10 POCT system demonstrates good analytical performance for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection.

An exploratory study of the mandate and functions of national pharmaceutical services units: global trends and the cases of Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, and Nepal.

National pharmaceutical services units (NPSUs) - organisational units within the central government usually responsible for pharmaceutical services and management - have an increasingly narrow mandate. Anecdotal evidence points to an increasing focus, almost exclusively, on logistics management, while pharmaceutical care and policy oversight have become fragmented. This study examined NPSUs' current functions and mandates, and proposed what should be the critical functions and roles of these units going forward. Using case studies of Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya and Nepal, the study relied on a literature review and in-depth interviews. We triangulated and synthesised the findings to identify NPSUs by level in the health ministry's hierarchy and reporting line, mandate, and function. We identified medicine regulation, procurement and supply chain management, selection and rational use of medicines, and pharmacy practice regulation as four broad sets of functions that NPSUs commonly have as their mandate. A clear position in the Ministry of Health's hierarchical structure, the legal or administrative framework that mandates an NPSU's functions, and national pharmaceutical policies and regulations to guide the pharmaceutical sector are three critical factors for effective functioning. It is essential to have a legislative framework that at a minimum identifies one NPSU as responsible for pharmaceutical policy and governance, serving as the steward for the pharmaceutical system. This role encompasses pharmaceutical system coordination and administrative functions, formulating and implementing policies for organising, managing, financing, regulating, monitoring, and evaluating the pharmaceutical system. As such, we recommend that NPSUs should at a minimum have four broad sets of functions: pharmaceutical policy and governance, medicine regulation, pharmacy practice regulation and procurement and supply chain management. The study substantiates the need for a pharmaceutical policy and governance unit that stewards the pharmaceutical system and is empowered to monitor and evaluate system performance and coordinate efforts for system strengthening.