Evaluation Of Antioxidant Activity Research Articles

Evaluation of antioxidant activity of the crude ethanolic extract from the bark of Cinnamomum mercadoi

Evaluation of antioxidant activity of the crude ethanolic extract from the bark of Cinnamomum mercadoi

Extraction of Bioactive Compounds and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity from Senna alata Linn Leaves using Subcritical Carbon Dioxide Soxhlet and Conventional Methods

Extraction of Bioactive Compounds and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity from Senna alata Linn Leaves using Subcritical Carbon Dioxide Soxhlet and Conventional Methods

Essential oil of Hygrophila salicifolia (Vahl) Nees: Chemical composition, evaluation of antioxidant activity, anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-α-glucosidase activities integrating molecular docking, and network pharmacology analysis

Hygrophila salicifolia (Vahl) Nees is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine widely circulated in the Chinese medicinal materials market. It has gained significant popularity for its therapeutic effects in clearing heat and reducing swelling. The present study evaluated the chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, acetylcholinesterase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of this species' essential oil. The major compounds of H. salicifolia essential oil were 1-octen-3-ol (29.0 %), phytol (5.7 %), phytone (4.6 %), cubebol (3.7 %), estragole (3.5 %), 7-epi-silphiperfol-5-ene (3.3 %), and ylangenol (3.1 %). The essential oil of H. salicifolia revealed antioxidant activity against both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 2.13 ± 0.17 and 0.22 ± 0.02 mg/mL. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value was 170.97 ± 3.68 μmol·g−1. The essential oil has moderate activity against acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 360.4 ± 12.7 μg/mL) and weak activity against α-glucosidase (14.2 % inhibition at 500 μg/mL). Moreover, we conducted in silico network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking to evidence the results of in vitro tests, providing a theoretical foundation for future drug development. The presented results suggest that the essential oil of H. salicifolia possesses the potential to be used in cosmetics, food, and pharmacological industries, emphasizing the need for further investigation.

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus incrassatulus using natural deep eutectic solvent under microwave assisted by ultrasound

Microalgae are increasingly recognized as promising sources of natural bioactive compounds. However, traditional extraction methods using volatile organic solvents (VOCs) pose environmental risks. This study explores renewable deep eutectic solvents (DES) as sustainable alternatives for extracting bioactive compounds from microalgae biomass, focusing on Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus incrassatulus. Four DES systems, comprising choline chloride (ChCl) and glycerol, citric acid, urea, and glucose, were compared with three conventional solvents (ethanol, methanol, and water). Extraction efficiency was assessed based on total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid content, and tannin content, followed by antioxidant activity evaluation using DPPH, CAT, and FRAP assays. Additionally, antibacterial activity of the DES extracts was determined against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 3366) using disc diffusion and microplate dilution methods to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results reveal that DES, particularly choline chloride: citric acid, outperform conventional solvents in terms of polyphenol extraction efficiency, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. For instance, the citric acid-based DES (SIDES2) showed a TPC of 4.98 mg/g, while the conventional solvent ethanol exhibited a TPC of 3.27 mg/g. Additionally, SIDES2 exhibiting the highest DPPH scavenging activity of 75 %, compared to 60 % for ethanol. Furthermore, SIDES2 showed an MIC of 0.5 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus. This study underscores the potential of DES for sustainable extraction of natural antioxidants from microalgae biomass, contributing to the development of environmentally friendly extraction processes in various industries.

Exploring the phytochemical profile and antioxidant evaluation: Molecular docking and ADMET analysis of main compounds from three Solanum species in Saudi Arabia

Abstract This study aimed to comprehensively assess the phytochemical composition, employing gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analyses, molecular docking, ADMET analysis, and antioxidant activity evaluation, of three Solanum species (Solanum forsskalii [SF], Solanum villosum [SV], and Solanum incanum [SI]) from the diverse flora of Saudi Arabia. Two solvents, hydro-methanolic (HME) and hydro-acetonic extract, were utilized for extraction, finding HME more efficient, especially for SV. GC–MS analysis identified diverse compounds, with palmitic acid, linoleic acid, methyl palmitate, cis-13-octadecenoic acid, and oleic acid as the main constituents. RP-HPLC quantified 12 phenolic compounds, identifying chlorogenic acid, rutin, and p-coumaric acid as abundant. Antioxidant assays showed HME extracts to be more effective in both diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl and ABTS assays, with SV exhibiting the strongest antioxidant effect, followed by SF and SI. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity (r = 0.6067–0.8927). Molecular docking simulations demonstrated robust binding energies between predominant compounds and Cyt-c, underscoring their potential as effective antioxidants. ADMET analysis showcased varied profiles, suggesting promising pharmaceutical prospects. This study explores the phytochemical profiles of these Solanum species, emphasizing their strong antioxidant capacity as natural sources of phenolic compounds, advancing our understanding of their promising medicinal applicability.

Chemical Profile, Antibacterial Activity and Antioxidant Activity of Bark Volatile Oil of Terminalia arjuna.

Terminalia arjuna is an evergreen medicinal plant that belongs to the Combretaceae family of flowering plants. The bark of the plant exhibits antiviral, anticancer, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In this study, composition antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of bark oil of Terminalia Arjuna (Roxb.) were reported. Oils were extracted by microwave assisted hydrodistillation where an oil yield of 0.18% was obtained followed by the identification of 35 compounds by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The most abundant volatiles were furfural (11.11%), isoeugenol (9.99%), p-ethylguaiacol (9.97%), α-cadinol (9.57%), and estragole (9.47%). The oil was further evaluated against ten different drug resistant strains where oil showed significant activity against all pathogens and the highest activity was found against Acinetobacter baumannii (22mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (22mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (22mm) in a concentration-dependent manner. Antioxidant activity evaluation demonstrated 68% radical scavenging activity by the volatile oil as compared to 81% of the standard, ascorbic acid at a concentration of 1000 μg. Cytotoxicity studies were conducted to see the effect of sample on the expression level of a housekeeping gene, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase where it did not affect the normal transcription of the gene.

Bioactivity-Guided Isolation of Secondary Metabolites with Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities from Camellia fascicularis.

Camellia fascicularis has important ornamental, medicinal, and food values, which also have tremendous potential for exploiting bioactivities. We performed the bioactivity-guided (antioxidant and antimicrobial) screening of eight fractions obtained from the ethyl acetate phase of C. fascicularis. The antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, and the antibacterial activity was measured by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of bioactivity-guided isolation indicated that the major antioxidant compounds in the ethanolic extracts of C. fascicularis may be present in fractions (Fr.) (A-G, obtained after silica gel column chromatography). Fr. (D-I, obtained after silica gel column chromatography) is a fraction of C. fascicularis with antimicrobial activity. The structures of compounds were determined by spectral analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) combined with the available literature on secondary metabolites of C. fascicularis leaves. In this study, 17 compounds were identified, including four phenolics (1, 3-4, and 14), a phenylpropane (2), five terpenoids (5-7, 12, and 15), four flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides (8-10 and 16), and two lignins (13 and 17). Compounds 4-7, 13-15, and 17 were isolated from the genus Camellia for first time. The remaining compounds were also isolated from C. fascicularis for first time. The evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities revealed that compounds 1, 3, 9, 11, and 17 exhibited higher antioxidant activity than the positive control drug (ascorbic acid), and compounds 4, 8, 10, and 13 showed similar activity to ascorbic acid. The other compounds had weaker or no significant antioxidant activities. The MIC of antibacterial activity for compounds 4, 7, and 11-13 against P. aeruginosa was comparable to that of the positive control drug tetracycline at 125 µg/mL, and other secondary metabolites inhibited E. coli and S. aureus at 250-500 µg/mL. This is also the first report of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of compounds 5-7, 13-15, and 17. The results of the study enriched the variety of secondary metabolites of C. fascicularis and laid the foundation for further research on the pharmacological efficacy and biological activity of this plant.

Rosmarinic Acid Content and Antioxidant Activity in Ehretia asperula Zollinger et Moritzi Cell Suspension Cultures

Background: Ehretia asperula Zollinger et Moritzi is a medicinal tree abundant in rosmarinic acid, the primary phenolic component, with numerous beneficial biological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-allergy, anti-arthritis, asthma and anti-cancer. Methods: The cell suspension cultures of E. asperula Zollinger et Moritzi derived from the leaf in vitro callus were established in liquid B5 medium added with 0.4 mg/L NAA, 0.1 mg/L BA and 45 g/L glucose. After four weeks, 50 mg/L of chitosan was given to the cell suspension cultures to stimulate rosmarinic acid (RA) production after a 48-hour treatment period. RA content was analyzed using the HPLC and spectrophotometry method after four weeks and 48 hours of chitosan treatment. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of the extracts from E. asperula Zollinger et Moritzi was also tested using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Result: The RA content and antioxidant capacity of E. asperula Zollinger et Moritzi’ extracts from the leaf in vitro greater than callus derived from the leaf in vitro greater than field-grown leaf greater than biomass of cell suspension cultures. These results suggested a strong correlation between RA concentration and antioxidant capacity. The use of E. asperula Zollinger et Moritzi cell suspension cultures with chitosan as an elicitor for RA production and evaluation of antioxidant activity is presented in this study for the first time. Our results suggest that cell suspension cultures and others may be a good source of RA, an antioxidant compound.

Spirothiazolidine-Derivative on Silver Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes: Evaluation of Antibacterial, Anti-Fungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Gastroprotective Activities

This study aims to develop innovative heterocyclic nanocomposites incorporating silver nanoparticles (SNPs) for potential therapeutic applications targeting infections, gastric ulceration, inflammation, and oxidative damage. By synthesizing new derivatives of spiro-thiazolidine-carbonitrile (Py-ST-X) and incorporating them into Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), we have prepared Ag@Py-ST-X and Ag@Py-ST-X@CNT nanocomposites, respectively. The physical properties of these materials were studied using XRD, TEM, SEM, and Zeta potential techniques. In our investigation involving rats with gastric ulcers, we observed noteworthy inhibitory effects on gastric acid enzyme activity, specifically H+/K+ATPase, by Ag@Py-ST-NO2 and Ag@Py-ST-Br nanocomposites, demonstrating reductions of 25 and 34%, respectively, compared to untreated ulcers. Nanotubulation of these compounds further improved their inhibitory efficacy to 29 and 45%, respectively. Additionally, these nanoparticles showed the most potent myeloperoxidase (MPO)-inhibitory activity, demonstrating 36 and 49% inhibition, respectively, with nanotubulated versions reaching 44 and 53%. Moreover, Ag@Py-ST-NO2@CNT and Ag@Py-ST-Br@CNT nanotubes showed significant antioxidant activity, reducing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) by 35 and 51%, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels by 49 and 71%, respectively. These therapeutic effects were confirmed by reductions in gastric surface area (GSA) by 44% and 52%, a decrease in ulcer index (UI) from 80% to 44 and 38%, and an increase in curative index (CI) from 19 to 55 and 62% following administration of Ag@Py-ST-NO2@CNT and Ag@Py-ST-Br@CNT, respectively. Histological studies support these findings, suggesting the potential of these nanocomposites as promising candidates for treating various disorders.

Spirothiazolidine-Derivative on Silver Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes: Evaluation of Antibacterial, Anti-Fungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Gastroprotective Activities.

This study aims to develop innovative heterocyclic nanocomposites incorporating silver nanoparticles (SNPs) for potential therapeutic applications targeting infections, gastric ulceration, inflammation, and oxidative damage. By synthesizing new derivatives of spiro-thiazolidine-carbonitrile (Py-ST-X) and incorporating them into Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), we have prepared Ag@Py-ST-X and Ag@Py-ST-X@CNT nanocomposites, respectively. The physical properties of these materials were studied using XRD, TEM, SEM, and Zeta potential techniques. In our investigation involving rats with gastric ulcers, we observed noteworthy inhibitory effects on gastric acid enzyme activity, specifically H+/K+ATPase, by Ag@Py-ST-NO2 and Ag@Py-ST-Br nanocomposites, demonstrating reductions of 25 and 34%, respectively, compared to untreated ulcers. Nanotubulation of these compounds further improved their inhibitory efficacy to 29 and 45%, respectively. Additionally, these nanoparticles showed the most potent myeloperoxidase (MPO)-inhibitory activity, demonstrating 36 and 49% inhibition, respectively, with nanotubulated versions reaching 44 and 53%. Moreover, Ag@Py-ST-NO2@CNT and Ag@Py-ST-Br@CNT nanotubes showed significant antioxidant activity, reducing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) by 35 and 51%, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels by 49 and 71%, respectively. These therapeutic effects were confirmed by reductions in gastric surface area (GSA) by 44% and 52%, a decrease in ulcer index (UI) from 80% to 44 and 38%, and an increase in curative index (CI) from 19 to 55 and 62% following administration of Ag@Py-ST-NO2@CNT and Ag@Py-ST-Br@CNT, respectively. Histological studies support these findings, suggesting the potential of these nanocomposites as promising candidates for treating various disorders.

A study on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the Artemisia vulgaris L. extract and its fractions

Ethnopharmacological relevanceVietnamese people use mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) to treat arthritis and gout. Our previous research shows that mugwort contains flavonoids, and its extract possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. However, no publications have been on the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of mugwort and acute anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. Aim of the studyThe study aimed to verify the antioxidant, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and anti-inflammatory capabilities of mugwort extract in vitro and in vivo, isolate phyto-compounds from potential bioactive fractions, and then evaluate their potential in inhibiting xanthine oxidase. MethodsAccording to established methods, the extract and the active flavonoids were obtained using different chromatographic techniques. DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, and H2O2 elimination were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. The model of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells was used to measure the inhibition of NO production. The carrageenan-induced paw oedema model was used to assess acute inflammation in mice. In vitro, xanthine oxidase inhibition assay was applied to investigate the effects of extract/compounds on uric acid production. Chemical structures were identified by spectral analysis. ResultsThe assessment of the acute inflammatory model in mice revealed that both the 96% ethanol and the 50% ethanol extracts significantly decreased oedema in the mice's feet following carrageenan-induced inflammation. 96% ethanol extract exhibited a better reduction in oedema at the low dose. The analysis revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids. Additionally, this fraction demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in various assays, such as DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, and H2O2 removal. Furthermore, it displayed the most potent inhibition of xanthine oxidase, an anti-inflammatory activity. Five phytochemicals were isolated and determined from the active fraction such as luteolin (1), rutin (2), apigenin (3), myricetin (4), and quercetin (5). Except for rutin, the other compounds demonstrated the ability to inhibit effective xanthine oxidase compared to standard (allopurinol). Moreover, quercetin (5) inhibited NO production (IC50 21.87 μM). ConclusionThe results indicate that extracts from A. vulgaris effectively suppressed the activity of xanthine oxidase and exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially leading to a reduction in the production of uric acid in the body and eliminating ROS. The study identified mugwort extract and bioactive compounds derived from Artemisia vulgaris, specifically luteolin, apigenin, and quercetin, as promising xanthine oxidase inhibitors. These findings suggest that further development of these compounds is warranted. At the same time, the above results also strengthen the use of mugwort to treat gout disease in Vietnam.

Secondary Metabolites with Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities from Camellia fascicularis.

Camellia fascicularis has important ornamental, medicinal, and food value. It also has tremendous potential for exploiting bioactivities. However, the bioactivities of secondary metabolites in C. fascicularis have not been reported. The structures of compounds were determined by spectral analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) combined with the available literature on secondary metabolites of C. fascicularis leaves. In this study, 15 compounds were identified, including 5 flavonoids (1-5), a galactosylglycerol derivative (6), a terpenoid (7), 4 lignans (8-11), and 4 phenolic acids (12-15). Compounds 6-7 and 9-12 were isolated from the genus Camellia for the first time. The remaining compounds were also isolated from C. fascicularis for the first time. Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities revealed that compounds 5 and 8-11 exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than the positive drug ascorbic acid, while compounds 7, 13, and 15 showed similar activity to ascorbic acid. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibacterial activity for compounds 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was comparable to that of the positive control drug tetracycline at a concentration of 62.50 µg/mL; other secondary metabolites inhibited Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at concentrations ranging from 125-250 µg/mL.

Evaluation of microbial and oxidative changes of 100% Iberian Spanish salchichón in contact with a composite olive-leaf-extract food film and vacuum-packaged

Nowadays, consumer society is increasingly concerned about the environment and the foods production systems. Viable and efficient technologies that target a sustainable production are being developed in order to reduce the generation of agri-food residues, introducing them on the market on the basis of the so-called circular economy. In parallel, consumers are becoming more health conscious, demanding safe and natural products through the use of natural additives and ingredients. This study evaluated the stability of sliced ​​100% Iberian Spanish salchichón without added additives. It was wrapped in a biodegradable nanocellulose films incorporating olive leaf extract, then vacuum-packaged and stored at 5 and 25ᴼC for 90 days. The antimicrobial activity on lactic acid, aerobic mesophilic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae was studied, as well as the evolution of lipid oxidation through the TBARS method. Significant differences were found between control and test sample during the evaluation of antimicrobial (aerobic mesophilic bacteria) and antioxidant activity at 25°C. However, no significant differences were found during the evaluation of either antimicrobial or antioxidant activity at 5°C. Olive leaf extract has a recognized antimicrobial and antioxidant activity tested in vitro; however, when tested in vivo and incorporated into a film, further refinements are needed to optimize the composite film and to obtain the desired effects of the extract as food preservative.

Antimalarial and antioxidant activities of novel artesunate-ellagic acid hybrid compound in vitro and in vivo.

Introduction: Emergence of drug resistant strains of Plasmodium species has necessitated the search for novel antimalarials with unique mechanisms of action. Synthesis of hybrid compounds has been one approach to tackling this challenge. In this study, the synthesis of artesunate-ellagic acid hybrid compound (EA31) from ellagic acid and artesunate and its evaluation for antimalarial and antioxidant activities using in vitro and in vivo models were carried out. Method: EA31 was synthesized from artesunate and ellagic acid. The activities of the hybrid compound against Plasmodium falciparum W2 and P. berghei NK65 were evaluated, and its antioxidant activities were also determined. Results: The results revealed that EA31 was more active against P. falciparum W2 (chloroquine resistant) clone and less cytotoxic to buffalo green monkey kidney cell line compared to artesunate. EA31 was also active against Plasmodium berghei NK65 in vivo. The results revealed inhibition of β-hematin formation as one of the mechanisms of action of EA31. EA31 also exhibited antioxidant activities. Conclusion: The results revealed that EA31 may exert dual action of killing malaria parasite and mopping the reactive oxygen species that mediate the secondary complications of malaria.

Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic activities of different parts of Litsea polyantha extracts

Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic activities of different parts of Litsea polyantha extracts

Evaluation of enzymatic antioxidant activity and reproductive hormones near and after lambing in pregnant ewes

The current study examined the levels of antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) and repro ductive hormones (progesterone, estrogen, and cortisol) in pregnant local breed ewes and after lambing in the Basrah governorate. Twenty ewes were used in this study from several fields in the Basrah gov ernorate. Blood sample collection was done in three different periods, pre-lambing, immediately after lambing, and two weeks after lambing. The result showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in SOD, CAT, and GSH-px activity before and during lambing compared to after lambing. The results also con firmed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the level of GSH pre and during lambing compared to after lambing. While evaluating, the level of MDA revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) in its level dur ing lambing compared to two weeks after lambing. Hormonal analysis showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the levels of cortisol and estradiol pre and during lambing compared to after lambing, with a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of progesterone after lambing compared to before lambing. This study concluded that during lambing, ewes were under stress factors, and an internal mechanism represented by enzymatic antioxidants like SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px acted actively during this period to neutralize the side effects of stress.

Punicalagin Ameliorating Renal Cell Tumors Against N-Diethylnitrosamine-initiated Iron Nitrilotriacetate-induced Carcinogenesis

Background Renal cell carcinoma, the most prominent kind of adult kidney cancer, lacks early warning symptoms, leading to metastases at the time of diagnosis. Renal cell carcinoma begins with N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and is accelerated by ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA), which may be a good research model for renal cell carcinoma. Purpose This study was designed to unveil the protective potential of punicalagin against renal cell tumors induced by Fe-NTA in male mice. Methods Renal cancer initiation was achieved through a single intraperitoneal injection of DEN (200 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.)), followed by promotion using Fe-NTA (9 mg Fe/kg b.wt. intraperitoneally) administered twice weekly over 16 weeks. Simultaneously, mice were subjected to punicalagin (10 mg/kg b.wt.) for an uninterrupted 16-week duration. The chemopreventive efficacy of punicalagin was assessed by evaluating antioxidant activities, oxidative stress markers, renal function parameters, histopathological examinations, and immunohistochemical analyses. Results Results showed a significant reduction in DEN and Fe-NTA-mediated lipid peroxidation, concurrent with the amelioration of renal function, as reflected by diminished levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and kidney injury molecule-1 in punicalagin-treated mice. Furthermore, punicalagin restored the renal antioxidant parameters like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione in DEN and Fe-NTA-treated mice. Further, it was observed that punicalagin reduces the expression of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (levels and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified protein adducts within the kidney tissue. Conclusion These findings were further substantiated by histological examinations. Our current findings indicate that punicalagin might be a potential contender for preventing renal cancer, likely due to its capacity to reduce oxidative stress in laboratory animals.

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Memecylon umbellatum in Breast Carcinoma and Lupeol and Beta-sitosterol Quantified by HPTLC

Introduction: Memecylon umbellatum is a perennial plant of the Melastomataceae family that grows in abundance in the Western Ghats and has been used traditionally to treat cancer and inflammatory conditions. Methods: From the literature survey, it was found that no substantial work has been carried out to identify the bioactive compounds by HPTLC method and to screen the antioxidant and anticancer activity of M. umbellatum. Hence, an effort has been made to carry out the phytochemical investigation by HPTLC method and to screen the antioxidant activity by ABTS assay, DPPH assay, Nitric oxide antioxidant assay, Iron chelating activity and Total antioxidant activity. Results: Total phenolics and flavonoids were carried out by using suitable methods. MCF-7 as well as MDA-MB-231 cells were used to test anticancer activities in vitro. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that ethyl acetate extract caused G0/G1 phase arrest in MCF-7 cells. HPTLC analysis led to the identification of Lupeol from ethyl acetate extract. Conclusion: The anticancer activity of ethyl acetate extract of M. umbellatum was significant. The antioxidant and anticancer activity may attributed to Lupeol, Phenolic compounds and Flavonoids.

Untargeted metabolomics, optimization of microwave-assisted extraction using Box-Behnken design and evaluation of antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of sugarcane bagasse.

The fruit wastes, in particular agricultural wastes, are considered potential and inexpensive sources of bioactive compounds. The current study was aimed at the preparation of an optimized extract of sugarcane bagasse using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technology and comparative evaluation of chemical composition, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities with extract prepared through maceration technique. Box-Behnken Design (BDD) with response surface methodology was applied to observe interactions of three independent variables (ethanol concentrations [%], microwave power [W], and extraction time [min]) on the dependent variables (total phenolic content [TPC] and antioxidant status via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] to establish optimal extraction conditions. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) analysis was applied for untargeted metabolite profiling, and in vitro assays were used for evaluation of the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of the extract. Moreover, an in silico study was used to predict the interaction of five dominant compounds from the UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS profile against the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) enzyme. The optimal conditions for the extraction were established at 60% (v/v) ethanol, 500 W microwave power, and 5 min time with TPC 12.83 ± 0.66 mg GAE/g d.w. and DPPH 45.09 ± 0.07%. The UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis revealed the presence of a total of 106 compounds in the extract. Moreover, the extract prepared through MAE technology presented higher TPC and DPPH findings than the extract prepared through maceration. Similarly, the extract was also found with good antidiabetic activity by inhibiting the DPP-IV enzyme which was also rectified theoretically by a molecular docking study. The current study presents a sustainable and an optimized approach for the preparation of sugarcane bagasse extract with functional phytoconstituents and higher antidiabetic and antioxidant activities.

Design of a new palladium(ii) halide complex as a bio-active material: synthesis, physico-chemical studies, DFT-computations and evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-gastric damage activities.

Colorless single crystals of the zero-dimensional hybrid compound, (C6H10N2)2[PdCl6]·2H2O were acquired through the slow evaporation technique. The crystal structure was explored using SC-XRD, which demonstrates that the material crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group P1̄ of the triclinic system. The density functional theory method at the B3LYP/Lan2mb basis set level was employed to establish the optimized geometry and vibrational frequencies of the title compound. An acceptable correspondence was observed between the results obtained through calculation and the experimental data, including the structure, and IR spectra. The optical characteristics revealed a direct band gap energy of 2.35 eV, validating the semiconductor characteristics of this new material. The results suggest strong agreement with the experimental data and validate the involvement of metal orbitals in defining the HOMO-LUMO boundary. Simultaneous TGA-DTA shows that this material remains solid up to 210 °C. Beyond these temperatures, a gradual decomposition process occurs, extending up to 440 °C and unfolding in several steps. This process entails the liberation of diverse compounds, encompassing organic molecules, and the evaporation of chlorine ions, ultimately leading to the formation of palladium oxide (PdO) as the final product. When given to rats with gastric ulcers at a dose of 100 mg kg-1, these compounds inhibit the key enzyme responsible for neutrophil infiltration as myeloperoxidase (MPO) by 38.7%. The compound also alleviates cellular damage induced by free radicals, demonstrated by a notable 48.3% decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance rates (TBARS) compared to untreated rats. Additionally, these compounds bring about a substantial 30.6% reduction in the surface area of ulcers.