Evaluation Of Antioxidant Activity Research Articles

Analysis of phytochemicals and evaluation of phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of Cissus javana

Analysis of phytochemicals and evaluation of phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of Cissus javana

Development of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) essential oil encapsulates by ionic gelification and evaluation of antioxidant activity

The objective of this work was to develop a product capable of protecting Syzygium aromaticum (clove) essential oil against high volatility. Clove oil (CEO) was encapsulated in alginate by ionic gelation with subsequent freeze-drying. Characterization was carried out by GC/MS, TGA/DSC and antioxidant (DPPH), and total phenol (Folin-Ciocalteau) analysis. Eugenol was the majority (81.5%) and the encapsulation efficiency varied between 14.0%+0.96 (F1: 1.0% alginate) and 9.8%+0.35 (F2: 2.0% alginate) in wet encapsulates, and 23.5%+0.14 (LF1: 1.0% alginate) and 16.9%+0.16 (LF2: 2.0% alginate) in freeze-dried encapsulates. The total phenol content reached 714.8+0.97 EAG g-1 in LF1, with strong inhibition of the DPPH radical (71.4%). Freeze-drying provided a higher percentage of active ingredients per gram of encapsulated and it was possible to identify high thermal stability in LF1 (mass loss: 81.8%; 258.9 °C) compared to wet encapsulates (mass loss: 86.5%; 65.8°C). The use of the lowest concentration of alginate seems to have been favorable. In this way, the accessible technology used allows preserving the content and properties of the CEO, offering a basis for new encapsulated research.

Pharmacological evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Castanopsis costata leaf fractions (water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions): the potential medicinal plants from North Sumatra, Indonesia.

Inflammation, fever, and pain can be associated with several diseases, and the synthetic drugs used in the treatment of these conditions often have severe side effects. As a result, there is a need for effective, economical, and safe alternative drugs, such as those derived from medicinal plants. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Castanopsis costata leaf fractions (CcLF), as well as its acute toxicity. For anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic tests, rats were given CcLF (WFCC, EAFcC, and n-HFCC) at 50 and 100 mg/kg, diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg), paracetamol (150 mg/kg), aspirin (100 mg/kg), and tramadol (20 mg/kg). For the antioxidant activity test, various concentrations of CcLF were used ranging from 25 to 200 μg/mL. This study also looked into whether there could be any acute toxicity and histopathology of the liver, stomach, and kidneys in experimental animals. The administration of CcLF significantly inhibited the increase in foot edema volume, and CcLF (EAFCC at 100 mg/kg) considerably decreased rectal temperature and was proportional to the standard drug paracetamol, and significantly inhibited pain sensation in various models. Additionally, CcLF showed strong antioxidant activity, and its administration at a dose limit of 5000 mg/kg/day did not show any toxic effects or death in test animals. The results of the current confirmed that CcLF has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant properties in experimental models, and is practically non-toxic.

Analysis of phenolic compounds and evaluation of antioxidant activity of aqueous and hydromethanolic extracts of the leaves and bark of Alstonia boonei De wild

Analysis of phenolic compounds and evaluation of antioxidant activity of aqueous and hydromethanolic extracts of the leaves and bark of Alstonia boonei De wild

Protection of soybean by orange peel extract and its nanocapsules against ethyl methanesulfonate damages

Citrus fruits are one of the most important sources of phenolic substances, known as antioxidants and protector agents against ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Orange peels were used to extract bioactive compounds such as phenols, in addition to evaluate antioxidant activity of the extracts. Soybean plant was used to study the effect of several concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 1%) of orange peel water extract as protector material to which EMS (0.7%) was added, as well as nanoencapsulated extract at 0.1%. Several parameters were measured to evaluate the effect of these concentrations on soybean as germination rate, plant height, number of leaves, leaves characteristics, total number of flowers after 40 days from germination, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod and weight of 100 seeds. The results showed that 1% of orange peel water extract had the highest protective effect, however no positive effect was detected when it was used without EMS. Using 0.01% of orange peels extract was indeed advantageous for plant growth. On the other hand, pectin-calcium nanoencapsulated extract at 0.1% showed better effectiveness when compared to non-encapsulated extract at the same concentration. These results revealed that using plant extracts could be a promising approach to protect plants from harmful substances existing in some mediums (tissue culture) and environments.

Evaluation of antioxidant activity and fermentation properties of potential probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7720 in plant-based materials

People on vegan diets are at risk of being deficient in varied nutrients such as vitamin B12 and certain amino acids. In this study, we investigated vitamin B12-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as well as the probiotic and antioxidant properties. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7720 was screened from 22 strains of LAB that were isolated from different plant foods, and its growth ability and extracellular vitamin B12-producing capacity in vitamin B12-deficient medium were investigated. To determine whether HY7720 functions as a probiotic, survival rate in the simulated gastrointestinal tract and adhesion property to human intestinal epithelial cells of HY7720 were compared with positive control, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). Moreover, the results showed that HY7720 recovered the gene expression levels of tight junction-associated proteins (TJPs), including TJP1, TJP2, occludin (OCLN), and claudin-1 (CLDN1) and inhibited the secretion levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, we verified that HY7720 exhibit the antioxidant potential, by showing its intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stimulated Caco-2 cells. The ability of HY7720 to ameliorate H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells was inhibited by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, indicating that its antioxidant responses are related to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK). This study also investigated the nutritional qualities of three plant-based materials (brown rice, white rice, and soy milk) fermented using HY7720. Collectively, HY7720 could be used as a promising probiotic strain for the prevention of nutritional deficiencies among people on vegetarian diets.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Solanum sisymbriifolium leaf extract: Characterization and evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial and photocatalytic degradation activities

The present study conveyed an in-situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ss-AgNPs) using Solanum sisymbriifolium aqueous leaf extract (SsLE) and their biological activities for the first time. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of SsLE imparted significant amounts of reducing entities/ secondary metabolites. A surface plasmon resonance peak at ∼430 nm of UV–visible spectrum evidenced the formation of Ss-AgNPs. The average particle size of the Ss-AgNPs was found to be 29.87 nm through particle size analyzer. Further, FE-SEM, HR-TEM and XRD analysis verified the spherical shape and high degree of crystallinity with face-centred cubic structure of Ss-AgNPs. The EDX, elemental mapping and FTIR spectral studies, confirmed that various phytochemicals/ metabolites of S. sisymbriifolium leaf extract participated in bio-reduction process and capping of Ss-AgNPs, which might be accountable for the antioxidant activities. Moreover, SsLE and Ss-AgNPs were found to be a rich source of antioxidants and exhibited effective DPPH, H2O2, ṄO scavenging activities along with Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power. The synthesized Ss-AgNPs showed significant antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In addition to this, Ss-AgNPs supported the degradation of methylene blue (a cationic dye), by performing as a strong photocatalyst under UV and solar irradiations.

Evaluation and identification of antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and phytotoxic activities of Asplenium dalhousiae Hook. a potential medicinal pteridophyte

Evaluation and identification of antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and phytotoxic activities of Asplenium dalhousiae Hook. a potential medicinal pteridophyte

Beta maritima mediated silver Nanoparticles: Characterization and evaluation of Antibacterial, Antifungal, and antioxidant activities

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their large surface area, which enhances their energy and antimicrobial activity. This study focused on producing silver nanoparticles using leaves from the Beta maritima (vulgaris) plant. Various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) to characterize the synthesized AgNPs. The biologically synthesized AgNPs were then evaluated for their antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) and antioxidant properties using different agents such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2 azobis, 3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and phosphomolybdate. The results showed that the AgNPs exhibited strong antifungal activity, particularly against fluconazole-resistant strains of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, with a 61 % inhibition rate. Moreover, the AgNPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against various strains. At a concentration of 40 µg/mL, they exhibited 26 % inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, 22 % against Micrococcus luteus, 18 % against E. coli, and 24 % against Klebsiella pneumonia, outperforming clarithromycin antibiotics. SEM analysis revealed spherical AgNPs, sized using nano measurer 1.2, EDX showed the presence of silver having composition at 80.38 %, and XRD confirmed a face-centered cubic crystalline structure. In addition to their characterization, the AgNPs also displayed strong antioxidant activity. At the same concentration, they showed percentages of 80.78 % (DPPH), 85.38 % (H2O2), 81.78 % (ABTS), and 80.66 % (phosphomolybdate), surpassing the antioxidant activity of the plant leaf extract alone. The synthesis of AgNPs using the extract of the Beta maritima (vulgaris) plant offers several advantages compared to other methods, including ease of handling, cost-effectiveness, wide availability, and eco-friendliness.

Betacyanin, Antioxidant Activity and Shelf-life Evaluation of Thermally, Microwave, and Chemically Processed Lime-flavored Dragon Fruit Ready to Serve Beverage

The exploration regarding the utilization of cacti family fruits into the directly consumable drink is limited. So, study was conducted to explore utilization of local fruit lime for preparation of lime-flavored dragon fruit ready to serve beverage, and processed with thermal, microwave, and chemical treatments to increase the shelf-life of beverage. Standardizing lime juice in dragon fruit ready to serve (RTS) beverages, optimizing thermal, microwave, and chemical treatments, and studying shelf life were the goals of this study. Dragon fruit RTS beverage was made with 12% fruit juice, 12°Brix total soluble solids (TSS), and 0.1% citric acid after a preliminary sensory study. Dragon fruit RTS with 3% lime juice tasted best. The standardized RTS beverage was thermal (70, 80, and 90°C for 5, 10, and 15 min), microwave (900 W power density for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 sec), and chemical (500, 1000, and 1500 ppm ascorbic acid incorporation) treated to optimize betacyanin content, antioxidant activity, and sensory evaluation. RTS beverage thermally treated at 70°C for 5 min, a 30-second microwave treatment at 900 W, and RTS beverage with 500 ppm ascorbic acid were found best on betacyanin, antioxidant activity, and sensory basis. The shelf life of optimized RTS beverage was tested at room temperature and refrigerated. During storage at the both temperatures, there were significant variations in pH, TSS, betacyanin content, and sensory qualities. The best retention of betacyanin content was reported on the 6th day of ambient storage for lime-flavored dragon fruit RTS beverage with 500 ppm (10.04 mg/L) with overall acceptability of 5.57. For refrigerator storage, lime-flavored dragon fruit RTS beverage with 500 ppm ascorbic acid retained 24.26 mg/L betacyanin and 5.68 overall acceptability on the 60th day. Additionally, the lime-flavored dragon fruit RTS beverage with 500 ppm ascorbic acid retained betacyanin better than other treatments during ambient and refrigerated storage.

Evaluation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, and Antioxidant Activities of Seed Extracted from Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Spices

Evaluation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, and Antioxidant Activities of Seed Extracted from Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Spices

Advances in Research on the Activity Evaluation, Mechanism and Structure-Activity Relationships of Natural Antioxidant Peptides.

Antioxidant peptides are a class of biologically active peptides with low molecular weights and stable antioxidant properties that are isolated from proteins. In this review, the progress in research on the activity evaluation, action mechanism, and structure-activity relationships of natural antioxidant peptides are summarized. The methods used to evaluate antioxidant activity are mainly classified into three categories: in vitro chemical, in vitro cellular, and in vivo animal methods. Also, the biological effects produced by these three methods are listed: the scavenging of free radicals, chelation of metal ions, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, inhibition of oxidative enzyme activities, and activation of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic systems. The antioxidant effects of natural peptides primarily consist of the regulation of redox signaling pathways, which includes activation of the Nrf2 pathway and the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. The structure-activity relationships of the antioxidant peptides are investigated, including the effects of peptide molecular weight, amino acid composition and sequence, and secondary structure on antioxidant activity. In addition, four computer-assisted methods (molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, quantum chemical calculations, and the determination of quantitative structure-activity relationships) for analyzing the structure-activity effects of natural peptides are summarized. Thus, this review lays a theoretical foundation for the development of new antioxidants, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics.

Physicochemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity Evaluation of an Acidic Polysaccharide from Alpinia officinarum Hance.

AHP-3a, a triple-helix acidic polysaccharide isolated from Alpinia officinarum Hance, was evaluated for its anticancer and antioxidant activities. The physicochemical properties and structure of AHP-3a were investigated through gel permeation chromatography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The weight-average molecular weight of AHP-3a was 484 kDa, with the molar percentages of GalA, Gal, Ara, Xyl, Rha, Glc, GlcA, and Fuc being 35.4%, 21.4%, 16.9%, 11.8%, 8.9%, 3.1%, 2.0%, and 0.5%, respectively. Based on the results of the monosaccharide composition analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR spectroscopy, the main chain of AHP-3a was presumed to consist of (1→4)-α-D-GalpA and (1→2)-α-L-Rhap residues, which is a pectic polysaccharide with homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) structural domains containing side chains. In addition, the results of the antioxidant activity assay revealed that the ability of AHP-3a to scavenge DPPH, ABTS, and OH free radicals increased with an increase in its concentration. Moreover, according to the results from the EdU, wound healing, and Transwell assays, AHP-3a can control the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 and Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells without causing any damage to healthy cells. Thus, AHP-3a may be a natural antioxidant and anticancer component.

Metabolically Tailored Selection of Ornamental Rose Cultivars through Polyamine Profiling, Osmolyte Quantification and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities

Roses (genus Rosa), renowned for their economic significance and aesthetic appeal, face multifaceted challenges in cultivation due to biotic and abiotic stressors. To address these challenges, this study explores the role of osmolytes, particularly polyamines, proline and glycine betaine, as well as antioxidant capacities and condensed tannins, in enhancing stress tolerance in roses. Despite the genetic diversity inherent in roses, the metabolic aspect of stress tolerance has been underexplored in breeding programs. This paper investigates the intraspecific variability among 22 rose cultivars, focusing on osmolyte content (proline and glycine betaine), individual polyamines (putrescine, spermine and spermidine), as well as antioxidant activities, measuring radical scavenging capacity against 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+) and NO• radicals. Employing a targeted metabolomic approach, we quantified the levels of individual polyamines in both the petals and leaves of rose cultivars. This was achieved through high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescent detection following a derivatization pretreatment process. Within the evaluated cultivars, “Unique Aroma”, “Andre Rieu”, “Aroma 3”, “Frayla Marija” and “Trendy Fashion” stood out for their significantly elevated levels of total foliar polyamines. The predominant polyamine detected at both petal and leaf levels was putrescine, with concentrations ranging from 335.81 (“Zora Frayla”) to 2063.81 nmol g−1 DW (“Unique Aroma”) at the leaf level. Following putrescine, foliar spermidine levels varied from 245.08 (“Olivera Frayla”) to 1527.16 nmol g−1 DW (“Andre Rieu”). Regarding antioxidant capacity, the leaf extracts of rose cultivars “Zora Frayla” and “Natalija Frayla” were prominent by showing 68.08 and 59.24 mmol Trolox equivalents (TE) g−1 DW, respectively. The results highlight the intricate biochemical variability across rose cultivars and show that osmolytes, such as glycine betaine, proline and polyamines, and other biochemical markers can be used as reliable criteria for the selection of rose cultivars that are more resilient to biotic stress factors, especially powdery and downy mildew. Bridging fundamental research with practical applications, this study aims to contribute to the development of stress-tolerant rose cultivars adaptable to dynamic environmental conditions.

When sustainability meets health and innovation: The case of Citrus by-products for cancer chemoprevention and applications in functional foods

Peel, pomace and seeds represent secondary products derived from production and manufacturing processes of Citrus spp. However, thanks to the novel policies of circular economy, sustainability and valorization of agro-wastes, Citrus by-products have become a precious source of energy and natural beneficial compounds used for manifold applications, from biofuels to dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, to food additives and bio-preservatives. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the bioactivities, functionalize, stabilize and use these products or part of them (e.g., extracts, oils, powders, purified compounds). In this context, this study discusses properties, technological processing and extraction, functions and health implications of Citrus by-products as cancer chemopreventive agents, and lays a special emphasis on the stabilization, encapsulation and delivering of Citrus by-products phytochemicals and formulations. As the extraction and isolation are key aspects of phytochemicals availability the first objective of this study was to critically examine innovative and non-conventional techniques. Subsequently, to have a comprehensive understanding of bioactivity underlying the complex anticancer actions through various mechanisms, the methods/assays for antiproliferative, proapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity evaluation were introduced, and the models and biomolecules were presented, using the methodologies of extensive literature search and meta-analysis. Upcoming perspectives and the current and future framework were also discussed.

Evaluation of bacteriostatic and antioxidant activities of various extracts from aerial part of Piper nigrum grown in Gulf countries traditionally used for the treatment of various infectious diseases

AbstractPiper nigrum (P. nigrum) is a tropical medicinal plant widely available in Southeast Asian countries including Oman. In Asian It has a long history of usage in places such as Oman for treating of rheumatism, colds, and various infections. Based on the medicinal uses, the purpose of this research is to create diverse fractions using increasing solvent polarity from the aerial part of the collected plant species and evaluate their antibacterial and antioxidant activities by using established bioassays. The aerial part was collected from the Southern part of Oman and processed using the standard method. The processed materials were recovered using the maceration method using methanol, and the methanol raw extracts was further fractionated with water extraction, butanol, ethyl acetate (ETA), hexane, and dichloromethane are produced using different liquid polarities. Each of the six plant extracts was tested for antioxidant and antibacterial potential at different concentrations against DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and agar diffusion methods. All of the fractions at varied concentrations shown promising antioxidant activity with DPPH against the gallic acid. The maximum activity was observed in hexane extract, while the smallest potential was noticed in butanol extract, in the following order: hexane > chloroform > water > methanol > ethyl acetate > butanol extract. The antibacterial efficacy of six different polarities extracts gives moderate activity against two Gram-positive bacteria strains namely S. saprophyticus and S. aureus and three Gram-negative namely P. vulgaris, K. senegalensis and E. coli. Among the six extracts, hexane extract had the most antibacterial activity, whereas butanol extract had the smallest activity. The remaining four extracts, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water, all had comparable activity. In conclusion, the extracts with the greatest activity from the chosen plant types might be employed as natural antioxidants to treat infectious disorders.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Chemical Profiling of Commiphora myrrha Resin Extracts and Evaluation of Larvicidal, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities.

Plant extracts and essential oils can be alternative environmentally friendly agents to combat pathogenic microbes and malaria vectors. Myrrh is an aromatic oligum resin that is extracted from the stem of Commiphora spp. It is used in medicine as an insecticide, cytotoxic, and aromatic. The current study assessed the effect of Commiphora myrrha resin extracts on the biological potency of the third larval stage of Aedes aegypti, as well as its antioxidant and cytotoxic properties against two types of tumor cells (HepG-2 and Hela cell lines). It also used GC-MS to determine the chemical composition of the C. myrrha resin extracts. Fifty components from the extracted plant were tentatively identified using the GC-MS method, with curzerene (33.57%) typically listed as the primary ingredient, but other compounds also make up a significant portion of the mixture, including 1-Methoxy-3,4,5,7-tetramethylnaphthalene (15.50%), β-Elemene (5.80%), 2-Methoxyfuranodiene (5.42%), 2-Isopropyl-4,7-Dimethyl-1-Naphthol (4.71%), and germacrene B (4.35%). The resin extracts obtained from C. myrrha exhibited significant efficacy in DPPH antioxidant activity, as evidenced by an IC50 value of 26.86 mg/L and a radical scavenging activity percentage of 75.06%. The 50% methanol extract derived from C. myrrha resins exhibited heightened potential for anticancer activity. It demonstrated substantial cytotoxicity against HepG-2 and Hela cells, with IC50 values of 39.73 and 29.41 µg mL-1, respectively. Notably, the extract showed non-cytotoxic activity against WI-38 normal cells, with an IC50 value exceeding 100 µg mL-1. Moreover, the selectivity index for HepG-2 cancer cells (2.52) was lower compared to Hela cancer cells (3.40). Additionally, MeOH resin extracts were more efficient against the different growth stages of the mosquito A. aegypti, with lower LC50, LC90, and LC95 values of 251.83, 923.76, and 1293.35 mg/L, respectively. In comparison to untreated groups (1454 eggs/10 females), the average daily number of eggs deposited (424 eggs/L) decreases at higher doses (1000 mg/L). Finally, we advise continued study into the possible use of C. myrrha resins against additional pests that have medical and veterinary value, and novel chemicals from this extract should be isolated and purified for use in medicines.

Exploration of Polysaccharides from Phyllanthus emblica: Isolation, Identification, and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder Activities.

Phyllanthus emblica is a natural medicinal herb with diverse bioactivities. Certain extracts from this herb have been confirmed to possess anti-glycolipid metabolic disorder activity. To further develop its utility value and explore its potential in combating glycolipid metabolic disorders, we designed a series of experiments to investigate the structure, antioxidant activity, and anti-glycolipid metabolic disorder activity of Phyllanthus emblica polysaccharides. In this study, we extracted and purified polysaccharides from Phyllanthus emblica and thoroughly analyzed their structure using various techniques, including NMR, methylation analysis, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. We investigated the hypolipidemic and anti-glycolipid metabolism disorder activity of Phyllanthus emblica polysaccharides for the first time utilizing oleic acid (OA) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as inducers. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of Phyllanthus emblica polysaccharides was assessed in vitro. These findings lay the groundwork for future investigations into the potential application of Phyllanthus emblica polysaccharides as an intervention for preventing and treating diabetes.

Evaluation of In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Potential of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Cyperus Pangorei Rhizome

Background and Aim: Antioxidants derived from natural sources, particularly those rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds, have attracted considerable interest for their potential health benefits in combating oxidative stress-related diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the ethyl acetate (EtAc) fraction obtained from Cyperus pangorei rhizome, focusing on both in vitro and in vivo assessments. Methods: The EtAc fraction was subjected to RP-HPLC analysis to identify and quantify phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Acute toxicity testing was performed to assess the safety profile of the EtAc fraction. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging assays. In vivo evaluation of antioxidant activity was conducted in Triton X-100-induced oxidative stress model in mice, measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) content, glutathione (GSH) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver tissues. Results: RP-HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin in the EtAc fraction. The fraction exhibited significant dose-dependent antioxidant activity in both DPPH and ABTS+ assays, with IC50 values indicating potent scavenging effects. In the Triton X-100-induced stress model, administration of the EtAc fraction led to a reduction in MDA levels, restoration of GSH levels, and enhancement of SOD activity in mouse liver tissues. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the EtAc fraction from C. pangorei possesses promising antioxidant properties, as evidenced by its ability to mitigate oxidative stress-related damage both in vitro and in vivo.

Green Synthesis of Ag-Doped CuO Nanocomposites Using Honey Solution for Evaluation of their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities

Background: The rise of infectious diseases especially due to drug-resistant microbes and free radicals has caused a serious threat to public health worldwide. Green synthesized nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as promising candidates to minimize the damage due to these problems. Doping the bioactive and stable silver atom into the biocompatible CuO by capping the nanoparticles with phytochemicals from honey enhanced the biological activity. The present study aimed to synthesize Ag- CuO NCs using the honey solution for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity evaluation. Methods: The nanoparticles (NPs) and nanocomposites (NCs) were successfully synthesized using the honey solution and characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as XRD, UV-Vis, FTIR, and SEM. The role of the secondary metabolites in honey solution is to stabilize the fabricated NMs by capping. Results: The red shift observed with the addition of Ag dopant indicates the narrowing of the CuO band gap. FT-IR characterization confirmed the presence of various functional group bands in the synthesized NMs. The spectral band between 900–500 cm−1 displays the presence of metal-oxygen and metal-metal bonds, confirming the production of pure CuO NPs and Ag-CuO NCs. The fabricated CuO NPs and Ag-CuO NCs have crystalline structures with crystallite sizes of 14.14 and 17.40 nm respectively. SEM data showed that CuO NPs are spherical and Ag-CuO NCs have a mixture of spherical and cubic shapes. The NMs displayed concentration-dependent biological activities. Conclusion: The successful incorporation of silver into the crystal lattice of CuO integrated with the presence of secondary metabolites on the surface improved the potential. Hence, the prepared NMs may have pharmaceutical applications in the future with some modifications for the enhancement of their potential.