Evacuation Facility Research Articles

Safety Analysis of Pedestrian-centered Flood Evacuation Facility

Safety Analysis of Pedestrian-centered Flood Evacuation Facility

An Occupational Paradox: Why Do We Love Really Tough Jobs?

Sometimes we come upon unexpected or counterfactual results during research that make us wonder and lead us into unknown territory. Such was the experience of a team of Air Force researchers exploring aeromedical evacuation crew members' experiences of safety and patient care concerns throughout the en route care system. To explore what it is about the aeromedical evacuation crew members' occupation that generates a strong motivation to the mission despite the demands it places on its workers. Eight focus groups were conducted with 69 Air Force aeromedical evacuation and staging facility active duty, Air National Guard, and Air Force Reserve Command nurses and medical technicians between May 2012 and April 2013 at 5 locations in the contiguous and outside the contiguous United States. An unexpected finding was that despite the austere nature of the Air Force en route care mission and the acuity of the patients being transported, nurses and medical technicians were passionate about bringing home the wounded, sick, and injured warriors and were committed to providing the best and safest care possible. It is plausible that a high level of commitment and mission focus contributes significantly to the safety and well-being of those transported. Still, we must wonder why nurses and technicians voluntarily serve in such a demanding and sometimes dangerous occupation, and yet find such a high degree of satisfaction and contentment with this type of job.

Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation Tsunami evacuation facility “Tasukaru Tower”

Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation Tsunami evacuation facility “Tasukaru Tower”

Development of evacuation facility in shield tunnel

The Yokohama North Line is a route of about 8.2 km extension connecting the Yokohane Line and the Daisan Keihin Road. The Yokohama North Tunnel, which accounts for about 70% of the total, constructed mostly by the shield construction method. The tunnel comprehensively examined the land use situation, ventilation method, evacuation safety, and made it a two-layer structure of the roadway and evacuation passage. The evacuation facility connecting these two layers is a method of descending at the slide. In the event of a fire, smoke may flow into the evacuation passage. Therefore, we constructed a system that raises the pressure of the evacuation passage higher than inside the roadway, and prevents the entry of smoke. In this paper, we report on development history of highly safe evacuation facility in shield tunnel.

A methodology for evaluating evacuation capacity of urban underground road

Abstract The paper demonstrated and discussed a methodology to evaluate evacuation capacity of urban underground road by considering the system from a series of important views (i.e. guiding system, evacuation facility, evacuation management, etc). Due to the different nature of the criteria involved in the assessment activity, the Analytic Hierarchy Process and the set-valued statistics methodology had been chosen to compare and appraise those indexes that are incommensurable and may originate from distinct and separate areas. And then the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was developed by risk evaluation and calculation of emergency evacuation capacity, which is beneficial to find the most effective way to enhance evacuation capacity. Finally, a case of urban underground ring road in Chongqing, China was analyzed using the established model in order to find the most effective way to improve the evacuation capacity.

BIM-GIS INTEGRATED GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION MODEL USING SEMANTIC WEB AND RDF GRAPHS

In recent years, 3D virtual indoor/outdoor urban modelling becomes a key spatial information framework for many civil and engineering applications such as evacuation planning, emergency and facility management. For accomplishing such sophisticate decision tasks, there is a large demands for building multi-scale and multi-sourced 3D urban models. Currently, Building Information Model (BIM) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are broadly used as the modelling sources. However, data sharing and exchanging information between two modelling domains is still a huge challenge; while the syntactic or semantic approaches do not fully provide exchanging of rich semantic and geometric information of BIM into GIS or vice-versa. This paper proposes a novel approach for integrating BIM and GIS using semantic web technologies and Resources Description Framework (RDF) graphs. The novelty of the proposed solution comes from the benefits of integrating BIM and GIS technologies into one unified model, so-called Integrated Geospatial Information Model (IGIM). The proposed approach consists of three main modules: BIM-RDF and GIS-RDF graphs construction, integrating of two RDF graphs, and query of information through IGIM-RDF graph using SPARQL. The IGIM generates queries from both the BIM and GIS RDF graphs resulting a semantically integrated model with entities representing both BIM classes and GIS feature objects with respect to the target-client application. The linkage between BIM-RDF and GIS-RDF is achieved through SPARQL endpoints and defined by a query using set of datasets and entity classes with complementary properties, relationships and geometries. To validate the proposed approach and its performance, a case study was also tested using IGIM system design.

A Study on Minato Inochiyama as a Tsunami Evacuation Facility in Fukuroi City, Shizuoka Prefecture

A Study on Minato Inochiyama as a Tsunami Evacuation Facility in Fukuroi City, Shizuoka Prefecture

Effectiveness of evacuation facilities in Honiara City, Solomon Islands: a spatial perspective

Urban areas in South Pacific island countries are experiencing the effects of natural disasters related to extreme weather events, cyclones and flooding. The aim of this study was to evaluate 27 existing evacuation facilities in Honiara City and nearby areas from a spatial perspective. We use the concept of “service areas” to determine whether a given facility, or all facilities taken collectively, is accessible to the populations within its geographic proximity. To determine geographic proximity, we use the network analysis capabilities of a geographic information system (GIS) to establish service areas. Service areas are defined as the area within which people can reach a facility along a road network in a given amount of time based on the cost, or impedance, of travel along the network. Using this approach, we use the overlay capabilities of the GIS to estimate the percentage of each facility’s service area that “captures” the populations, or areas, in greatest need. With GIS census data, road network data, flood hazard data and evacuation facility data from the recent April 2014 extreme weather event, we examine the relative effectiveness of the existing facilities. We focus on disasters associated with severe weather, especially flooding and storm surge. Our analysis suggests that the 27 existing evacuation facilities in Honiara and nearby areas taken collectively provide reasonably good coverage of those populations in greatest need in a flooding or storm-surge event. However, we also find some facilities are poorly located and subsequently under used.

Estimation of two-dimensional fluid force effects on self-floating evacuation facility based on a numerical analysis

Estimation of two-dimensional fluid force effects on self-floating evacuation facility based on a numerical analysis

Two-dimentional numerical analysis of fluid force effects on self-floating evacuation facility

Two-dimentional numerical analysis of fluid force effects on self-floating evacuation facility

津波避難時の避難施設選択モデルを用いた避難施設圏域の推定

津波避難時の避難施設選択モデルを用いた避難施設圏域の推定

다중이용시설의 피난방화문에 관한 연구

Abstract Evacuation fire doors were manufactured by applying phosphorescent paint to the whole fire door whose performance was already recognized, and applying heat sensitive paint around the grip. The facility was improved by the evacuation and safety functions on the fire door, which has been used as only a fire facility, and the fire door is also used as an evacuation facility. The brilliance of the evacuation safety fire door manufactured in this study passed the brilliance test of Korea Fire Institute with a performance more than the brilliance (7mcd after 60 minutes) of the existing inducement sign. During a fire, the visible area is larger than the evacuation door inducement, etc. and light preventive status in the lower part of the fire door was observed during the descent of smoke. Therefore, it is considered to extend the evacuation effective time of evacuators. In heat sensitive paint applied around the grip, a color change is observed on the fire door when approaching a certain temperature (70

Emergency Evacuation Capacity of Subway Stations

The objective of this study is to establish and evaluate an Emergency Evacuation Capacity (EEC) model for key evacuation facilities in subway stations through analyzing key factors that affect the emergency evacuation These key facilities, which include exit, stairway, passage and turnstile, are analyzed from three aspects: characteristic of evacuees, evacuation facility, evacuation organization and management. The emergency evacuation capacity model for subway station is built based on pedestrian flow theory. In addition, a case study is conducted to look at the handling capacity of the selected station. The result from this study will be beneficial for guiding and improving subway station design. It has significance to improving emergency response ability of rail transit system.

Research on A vailability of Temples as Tsunami Evacuation Facility

Research on A vailability of Temples as Tsunami Evacuation Facility

Environment of evacuation facility and deep vein thrombosis in the Great East Japan Earthquake

Environment of evacuation facility and deep vein thrombosis in the Great East Japan Earthquake

Comparison of the Dietary Factors between Normal and Constipation Groups by Self-reported Constipation in Female College Students

The purpose of this study was to obtain baseline data on dietary management of women's constipation. We estimated the prevalence of self reported constipation, bowel habits and foods & nutrients intake. The subjects were 169 female college students (normal = 92, constipation group = 77) aged 19 to 23 years. We conducted anthropometric measurements, an evacuation habits survey, and a dietary intake assessment for three days by a 24 hour recall method. The prevalence of self reported constipation was 46% (n = 77). Results showed that bowel habits (the difficulty of evacuation, the duration of evacuation and the feeling after evacuation) were significantly different between the two groups. Over 65% of constipation group used laxatives for constipation relief. Frequency of stress and deep sleeping were related with constipation. In daily food consumption and nutrients intake, there was not a significant difference between the groups. However in relation to bowel habits which factors influence constipation, the study showed that the intake of water, potatoes, kimchi, and fruits correlated with evacuation facility. Further, there were no findings in the difference of foods consumption and nutrients intake between the two groups. But some life style changes and food intakes (potato and kimchi) may be useful to improve constipation symptoms in young women. (Korean J Community Nutr 16(1) : 23~36, 2011)

Evacuation Facility Selection Situations in Whole-Building Evacuation, Actually Implemented in a Super-High-Rise Building - Results of Questionnaire Survey with Evacuees -

This paper presents questionnaire survey results with evacuees in actual whole-building evacuation - not in a safety exercise - from a super-high-rise office building. Its purpose is to provide basic data for establishing special considerations in evacuation plans specific to super-high-rise buildings with increasingly long, complex evacuation routes. The building in which wholebuilding evacuation was actually implemented for reasons other than fire has 33 floors above the ground and 3 below, and was built in a local city in Japan. It is used by a single organization. The evacuation was implemented for the whole building, not an orderly evacuation basis, by judgment of the facility manager. Evacuees totaled 2,000. It was announced that elevators and stairs were available for use as evacuation facilities when the facility manager gave orders for evacuation. The stair-use ratio reached 80%, however, suggesting that the employees are recommended to use the stairs for evacuation and they recognize that the stairs are more reliable than the elevator in evacuation. Blocked movement of evacuees was observed, but to a moderate extent, because movement to the stairs ended before the evacuees from the upper stairs joined those from the lower floors, and the building has many stairs. In contrast, 60% of those who used elevators consider that the evacuation would be completed faster, indicating their expectations for shortened evacuation periods. Some cited physical and health reasons for evacuation by elevator. Use of elevators should be investigated for weaker evacuees.

THE EVALUATION OF ALLOCATION OF EVACUATION FACILITIES AND SOFT MEASURES FOR THE EVACUATION OF GANGNAM WARD, SEOUL CITY, ASSUMING INLAND WATER FLOODING

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate allocation of evacuation facilities and soft measures to minimize the damage from inland water flooding in Gangnam ward of Seoul city, using evacuation simulation. Simulation was constructed by Multi-Agent-System. The soft measures are measure of disaster weaks, improvement of evacuation start time, and addition of a temporary evacuation facility and divided into 13 combinations. The soft measures were evaluated with time variation of evacuation rate. As a result of simulation, we understood that improvement of evacuation start time, and addition of the temporary evacuation facility were effective.

Lifts for Emergency Evacuation in Apartment Buildings

A research project was undertaken to investigate whether the lifts can be used as an alternate emergency evacuation route in apartment buildings. The important parameters in relation to the issues were divided into three categories: human behavioural response, fire hazards and lift operational mechanism. The parameters relating to human behavioural response were modelled and analysed as a stochastic process. The parameters relating to fire hazards were analysed using the concept of fire safety index while the parameters relating to operational mechanism were analysed using probabilistic models. An integrated approach of risk assessment was developed based on the Multi-Objectives Decision Analysis method. The results for lift and stair systems were compared and the feasibility of using lifts with design modifications was analysed. The outcome of the research has shown that lifts as an alternate evacuation facility with enhanced level of safety have potential to improve evacuation efficiency, particularly for aged and disabled persons. Partial evacuation using lifts with a protected lobby is possible. The risk involved in total evacuation using lifts with double protection is comparable with stair-alone evacuation.