Evacuation Conditions Research Articles

Analysis of Fire Evacuation Scenarios in Children's Cultural Centers

Fires that occur in assembly buildings cause great loss of life and property. Children's cultural centers included in assembly buildings should also be evaluated within this context. Children create an occupant profile in cultural centers, and the internal environment has an excessive fire load, which poses a great risk of fires. In fire evacuation scenarios for children's cultural centers, it is necessary to create appropriate evacuation conditions. In this work, fire safety was analyzed over total evacuation times within occupant-based fire evacuation simulations of a children's cultural center located in Istanbul. The effect of the children's theatre hall located on the top floor on a building's total evacuation time has been studied. The effectiveness of alternative fire escape routes on evacuation time through different evacuation scenarios has been analyzed, and safe evacuation strategies for children's cultural centers have been revealed. As a result of this study, recommendations were presented within performance-based fire evacuation strategies in the design of children's cultural centers. As the future of the countries, fire safety design criteria have been created in children's cultural centers for children to be able to be safe in educational, cultural, and artistic environments.

How have regional evacuation conditions changed over time? Evacuation model for alternative scenarios given the accident environment, regional environment, and social systems

The rapid evacuation in major leak accidents during hazardous chemical transportation is critical for protecting people in risk areas. An approach integrating the accident environment, regional environment, and social system is proposed to perform evacuation evaluation in such accidents. An agent-based modeling framework consisting of warning mechanisms, evacuation preparation process, as well as evacuation modes and movement process, is developed to comprehensively model the evacuation process. The regional environmental and social system data from 1964 to 2020 of Jiangsu Province in China is applied to analyze whether the changes in evacuation conditions have correspondingly affected evacuation effectiveness. A regional evacuation model simulating a real liquid chlorine leak accident during transportation in Wuzhong of Jiangsu Province is constructed to test the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method. It is found that a 9 % change in the diffusion rate of warning messages triggered by environmental cues with the evolution of the study area settlements following the chronological changes; while the evolution of media technology allows for the rapid diffusion of warning messages and the rapid loading of a large number of individuals into the regional evacuation network; Years with faster warning diffusion have not been the most efficient ones in terms of overall evacuation; The distribution of buildings and population substantially impacts the overall evacuation effectiveness, while the former has a more significant impact. The study results can provide information for public emergency authorities to develop effective early warning resource allocation and evacuation organization plans.

Strategic Aeromedical Evacuations of the French Armed Forces in French Guiana From 2018 to 2020.

The French Armed Forces are deployed in French Guiana (FG) to protect national territory and ensure the security of strategically important sites. Military health support (MHS) provides medical support for missions in this tropical environment, which is hazardous and where confrontations are possible. MHS must organize tactical and strategic evacuations (Strat-AEs), so that an optimal level of care can be delivered. Overall, Strat-AE activity has been described previously but no specific data related to FG has been reported. The main objective of this study was to provide an overview of military Strat-AEs from FG. We conducted a retrospective cohort study from January 01, 2018 through 31 December, 2020. All patients who required a military Strat-AE were included, and we collected sociodemographic characteristics, medical information, service-related injuries and illnesses, and the reason for and conditions of evacuation. We analyzed 210 patients and 199 were included. Most were noncommissioned members (63.3%) and belonged to the Army (75.4%) and the Gendarmerie (15.6%). Injury or illness was duty-related in 66.2% of patients. The main cause for evacuation was nonbattle injury (63.3%), followed by illness (27.1%). Battle stress and injury accounted for 9.5%. The main reasons for evacuation were surgical conditions (58.3%), particularly orthopedic (47.2%). Medical (22.1%), psychiatric (18.6%), and dental (1.0%) disorders followed. Most patients were categorized by the flight surgeon as P3 (98.5%), the lowest level of priority, and D4 (82.9%), the lowest level of dependency. The escort used during evacuation was identical to that recommended by the requester in 83.5% of cases. The final destination was mainly a hospital (89.9%). The time lag between injury or onset of illness and the request for evacuation was significantly longer when local health resources were insufficient. The particularity of FG is a local health care system that provided initial care before the evacuation. To reduce the number of Strat-AEs in FG, the risk of nonbattle injury must be lessened and improvements must be made to the local health care system and to the partnership between civilian and military health services.

Cost implications and sustainable design for warehouses considering fire safety regulations

This paper explores the impact of sustainable design practices on warehouse construction costs in the context of fire safety regulations. The inherent fire risk during the operation of industrial facilities is a critical consideration in their design. This study evaluates various cost and technological aspects of sustainable solutions within the “design and build” framework, focusing on fire protection systems across three different fire zone configurations. The modeling analysis examines how fire zones influence smoke dispersion, temperature variations at a specific location above the fire source, and visibility. Numerical results reveal variations in smoke distribution among the three configurations, though these differences do not significantly affect evacuation efficiency. The findings indicate that increasing the number of fire zones within the warehouse can mitigate the potential impact of a fire. This research underscores that fire protection and evacuation conditions significantly affect investment costs.

How do age compositions affect pedestrian dynamics on stairways? Findings from controlled experiments

Understanding pedestrian dynamics for different age compositions is paramount for enhancing their safety level on stairways in normal and evacuation conditions. In this study, we illustrate the findings of a series of single-file pedestrian flow experiments on stairways. This experiment was carried out with 131 participants having different age compositions, including preschool students (4–5 years), primary school students (8–10 years), middle school students (12–14 years), middle-aged pedestrians (27–57 years), and the elderly pedestrians (63–81 years). We collect data using three experimental settings: individual experiments with age homogeneity, single-file pedestrian experiments with age homogeneity, and single-file pedestrian experiments with age-mixed. Our findings show that age plays a substantive non-linear impact on individual unconstrained ascending and descending speeds. In addition, we developed a linear regression model that predicts the pedestrians’ free speed of different ages on stairways. Then, the effects of age compositions on pedestrian dynamics with fundamental diagrams (i.e., speed-density and specific flow-density relations) are analysed, and the maximum specific flow of age homogeneity is higher than that of age-mixed scenarios. Finally, we illustrate how the headway distance impacts participants’ ascending and descending speeds in both age-homogeneity and age-mixed conditions. As such, these new experimental results can provide the foundation for future calibration and validation of pedestrian evacuation models as well as insight into safety guidelines.

Scientific investigations and educational literature from the history of Ukraine 1942—1944

The presented article continues the series of studio explorations conducted as part of the research work of the State Printing Archive in the current year of 2024. In accordance with the annual plan of the Book Chamber of Ukraine, the "State Printing Archive" department is processing printed editions of the 40s of the last century by revealing the most important topics of that time. Among the latter are historical-Ukrainian scientific and educational literature published during 1942—1944, i.e. in conditions when the territory of Ukraine was under occupation, and experts in the field of history, academic scientists, teachers of higher educational institutions and other people who were involved before writing this literature, were in evacuation. The presented article is written in accordance with the requirements of scientific methodology, is based on the principles of historicism, comprehensiveness and objectivity, applies general (description, analysis, synthesis, generalization, classification) and special (periodization, historical-comparative, content analysis) methods of scientific research. The scientific novelty of the presented work consists in the systematization and generalization of books published in 1942—1944 outside the territorial boundaries of Ukraine, but under the auspices of scientific and other literature-creating institutions of the Ukrainian SSR. The result of the conducted research was an analysis of the process of development of historical-Ukrainian science in the conditions of evacuation to the eastern regions of the Soviet Union. Currently little-used editions, whose bibliographic record and description were compiled by specialists of the Book Chamber of Ukraine, have been introduced into scientific circulation. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their application in future scientific research.

Large-scale fire experiments in a cross-laminated timber compartment with an adjacent corridor – Partly and fully protected with a water sprinkler system

Two fire experiments have been conducted to study sprinkler system extinguishing performance in a compartment (13 m2) with an adjacent corridor (12 m2), both with exposed cross-laminated timber (CLT). Four nozzles were installed in the corridor and two in the compartment. In Experiment 1, the sprinkler system was fully functional and successfully controlled a concealed fire. In Experiment 2, nozzles in the compartment were disconnected, while the corridor nozzles were operative, giving flashover after 5 min with large flames emerging into the corridor, rapidly worsening evacuation conditions. Despite four activated nozzles in the corridor, the temperatures remained high, and flames spread through the corridor along the CLT ceiling and the upper parts of the wall, an area that was not effectively protected by the nozzles. After flashover, the compartment temperatures remained stable at ∼1000 °C until experiment termination at 96 min. This continued fire in the compartment can be explained by water from the corridor sprinklers not reaching this area, extensive radiative feedback by the CLT surfaces and delamination of CLT elements of the 20 mm layers. The charring rate was ≥1.1 mm/min for large parts of the exposed CLT wall and ceiling in the compartment during the fire.

Simulation of Fire Evacuation in a Naturally Ventilated Bifurcated Tunnel

The natural wind velocities in tunnels under different natural conditions are distinct, and the longitudinal ventilation velocity significantly impacts the evacuation environment. This paper examines the evacuation conditions and strategies under varying wind velocities in bifurcated tunnels. Using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and Pathfinder software, the fire development and evacuation of three distinct longitudinal positions in a bifurcated tunnel are simulated. The simulation results demonstrate that the evacuation conditions for disparate fire sources at varying wind velocities are markedly disparate. In consideration of the construction cost and the maximization of evacuation capacity, the width of the evacuation doors at the three locations should be set to 2 m, 1.5 m, and 1.5 m, respectively. Furthermore, an analysis of the safety of individual personnel through Fractional Effective Dose (FED) revealed that directing evacuees towards the upstream of the fire after the fire is detected can significantly reduce individual personnel injuries while ensuring the overall success of the evacuation.

Trailblazing Kr/Xe Separation: The Birth of the First Kr-Selective Material.

Efficient separation of Kr from Kr/Xe mixtures is pivotal in nuclear waste management and dark matter research. Thus far, scientists have encountered a formidable challenge: the absence of a material with the ability to selectively adsorb Kr over Xe at room temperature. This study presents a groundbreaking transformation of the renowned metal-organic framework (MOF) CuBTC, previously acknowledged for its Xe adsorption affinity, into an unparalleled Kr-selective adsorbent. This achievement stems from an innovative densification approach involving systematic compression of the MOF, where the crystal size, interparticle interaction, defects, and evacuation conditions are synergistically modulated. The resultant densified CuBTC phase exhibits exceptional mechanical resilience, radiation tolerance, and notably an unprecedented selectivity for Kr over Xe at room temperature. Simulation and experimental kinetic diffusion studies confirm reduced gas diffusion in the densified MOF, attributed to its small pore window and minimal interparticle voids. The lighter Kr element demonstrates facile surface passage and higher diffusivity within the material, while the heavier Xe encounters increased difficulty entering the material and lower diffusivity. This Kr-selective MOF not only represents a significant breakthrough in Kr separation but also demonstrates remarkable processability and scalability to kilogram levels. The findings presented herein underscore the transformative potential of engineered MOFs in addressing complex challenges, heralding a new era of Kr separation technologies.

Sustainable Design and Construction Cost of Warehouse in the Light of Applicable Fire Regulations

This paper examines the effectiveness of sustainable warehouse design with regard to fire regulations and costs. When designing industrial facilities, the high risk of fire during their subsequent operation must be considered. Therefore, in this article, the variant analysis in terms of cost and technological, sustainable solutions for the investment in the “design and build” system were subjected to fire protection installation systems for three variants with different fire zones. During the modelling, the impact of the fire zone on the spread of smoke, temperature changes at a selected point above the fire source, and visibility were examined. Numerical analyses showed differences in the degree of smoke spread for variants I, II, and III without any relevant impact on the effectiveness of evacuation. The division of the hall into a larger number of fire zones reduces the effects of a potential fire. This study highlights that the cost of the investment is vastly influenced by the conditions of fire protection and evacuation.

The effect of the mental fitness activity program on quality of life indicators of temporary displaced women of mature age

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of Pilates health classes on the indicators of psycho- emotional state and quality of life in middle-aged temporarily displaced persons. Methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, sociological (survey), anthropometric, and pedagogical methods (pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment), methods of assessing the quality of life, and methods of mathematical statistics. Subjects. The study was conducted on the basis of a family-type house in the city of Rome (Italy) and involved 12 middle-aged women and 6 Pilates trainers. Results. The results of the study confirmed that the proposed wellness program based on the use of the Pilates system in evacuation conditions had a positive effect on all components of the quality of life of middle-aged people, especially on their emotional state, as it was possible to achieve a specific increase in both physical and mental components of health status. Thus, the physical component increased by 1.3 times or by 34%, and the psychological component increased by 1.8 times or by 81%. Positive changes were observed in the indicators of physical condition (increased by 23%) and physical capacity (increased by 18%), and indicators of visual screening of posture (increases by 15.9%).

Analysis of the vortex-induced vibration response characteristics of riser under the soft suspension evacuation condition

This paper establishes a nonlinear dynamic model for a suspended riser under the condition of considering realistic configurations, based on the principles of virtual work and Hamilton's variational principle. The nonlinearity of the model is manifested by considering vortex-induced vibration in the cross flow (CF) and in-line (IL) directions, as well as large deformations, taking into account the variable diameter of the riser in the compliant riser system. The model is discretized using the finite element method and solved using the Newmark-β method. Experimental validation is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the model. Utilizing the parameters of a riser in a well in the South China Sea, the paper explores the influence of different environmental and structural parameters on the VIV response characteristics of a compliant riser. Results show that the vibration frequency is controlled by both the bare tube and buoyant block when the buoyant block coverage rate is 25%, which can significantly inhibit VIV. With the increase of flow velocity, the VIV energy jumps from low order to high order, and the riser mode also transitions from low order to high order. The increase in suspension length transfers the vibration energy from high to low frequency, thus realizing energy transition and mode shape transformation. With the increase in LMRP weight, the vibration and natural frequencies of the riser increase synchronously, the vibration amplitude decreases, and the mode shape remains unchanged.

Кризис в снабжении Красной армии станковыми пулеметами в 1941–1942 гг.: производство пулеметов «Максим» в СССР в условиях эвакуации и мобилизации промышленности

The article is devoted to the problem of organizing the production of Maxim heavy machine guns for the Red Army in 1941-1942 in the conditions of evacuation and involvement of mobilized civilian enterprises in the production of weapons. The purpose of the study is to formulate a scientifically based answer about the reasons for the acute shortage of heavy machine guns in the Red Army in the winter of 1941-1942 and the continuation of the crisis situation during 1942. This issue has not been fully reflected in domestic historiography. The article examines the production of Maxim machine guns at three enterprises: in Tula, in evacuation in Zlatoust, and at a motorcycle plant mobilized for the production of machine guns in Izhevsk. Each enterprise required its own emergency measures to establish rhythmic production, both organizational, personnel and technological. Evacuation became a huge problem due to the fact that the relocation of equipment far inland was not accompanied by the adequate number of personnel from Tula to operate this equipment. As a result, there was a shortage of specialistslin Zlatoust, and the remaining personnel in Tula found themselves deprived of equipment. To some extent, the production of Maxim machine guns in besieged Leningrad and its features is touched upon. The role of spare parts from the GAU warehouses of the Red Army in the production of Maxim machine guns during the crisis period is shown. In addition to the quantitative aspect, the quality of manufactured machine guns is taken into account, since the increase in production rates in 1942 was accompanied by a decrease in the quality of Maxim machine guns supplied to the troops. The research is based on the documents of the TzAMO and the RGAE archives.

A situation-aware emergency evacuation (SAEE) model using multi-agent-based simulation for crisis management after earthquake warning

ABSTRACT Earthquake is a disastrous natural hazard that threatens numerous cities worldwide. The interval between the foreshock and the main event can sometimes last several minutes. Meanwhile, crowd emergency evacuation and finding shelter are vital for search and rescue managers. At the same time, many unpredicted challenges, such as the sudden increase in travel demand, shifts in public behavior, and the change in the regular transport supply, may arise due to evacuation conditions, which lead to different situations. This paper aims to introduce an approach for quick decision-making and timely evacuation response required by establishing a situation-aware system to minimize these risks and ensure the success of the evacuation plans, to support and predict current and future actions within the dynamic space of the crisis. The main contribution is innovating a Situation-Aware Emergency Evacuation (SAEE) model to enable crisis managers and evacuees to make the right decisions by providing timely and reliable information about the situation. This method is utilized in two situations: designing the emergency evacuation plan and finding the shortest/safest routes to reduce travel time for evacuees. Therefore, a hybrid approach is introduced, which involves a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and Deep Long Short-Term Memory (DLSTM) algorithm to identify, infer, and extract the existing situation at different levels (e.g. people, vehicles, and surroundings) after a foreshock using multi-agent-based simulation. The method proposed was simulated in the traffic network of District 6 of Tehran, the capital of Iran. The model results show that the evacuees’ spatial knowledge and perception, as well as awareness of the situation of other agents and their surroundings, led to a significant (40%) reduction in the complete evacuation time. This time is considered the most pivotal factor in saving human lives and their arrival in safer areas. The role of situation awareness systems and increasing human cognition and perception can significantly help in this matter.

Quantitative assessment of flooding risk based on predicted evacuation time: A case study in Joso city, Japan

Flooding is a frequent natural hazard, threatening people's lives and properties worldwide. Even though completely preventing damage from flooding is impossible, an appropriate evacuation can help minimize its impact and mitigate human casualties. However, analyzing various flooding information to make quick evacuation judgments is challenging for decision-makers. Therefore, a quantitative flooding risk assessment is needed to support appropriate evacuation decisions. This study introduces the travel time under ideal evacuation conditions to quantify evacuation vulnerability, with Dijkstra's algorithm finding the evacuation route and the Random Forest algorithm predicting the evacuation time. The evacuation vulnerability is then integrated with time-varying flooding hazards and estimated congestion levels to assess evacuation risk. Herein, a case study in Joso, Japan is used as an example to demonstrate the practicality and applicability of the proposed approach. As a result, the prediction model achieved high accuracy with an RMSE of 0.88min and a MAPE of 5.88 %. The proposed approach clearly illustrated the vulnerable areas and times that may hinder an efficient evacuation process. Also, this approach identified and visualized the individual evacuation risk distribution during a given flooding scenario: 49.38 % of buildings were assessed as having the highest-risk: no evacuation ability, while a maximum of 11.86 % and 3.83 % of the buildings were assessed as middle-risk and high-risk. Furthermore, the regional evacuation deadline and priorities were specified to ensure timely and effective evacuation. Overall, this study develops an approach for assessing evacuation vulnerability and risk that could facilitate awareness among the public and provide judgmental bases for evacuation preparedness and decision-making.

PERFORMANCE DESIGN OF A SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE BRIDGE PAVILION

The Bridge Pavilion designed by Zaha Hadid for the International Exposition of Zaragoza in 2008, is a singular construction declared an Asset of Cultural Interest (BIC) by the Government of Aragon. It is a 280-metre-long building overlooking the Ebro River. Initially, the central nucleus was an exterior space with no fire load, whose lateral envelopes were open and perforated. The change of activity to be developed, as an exhibition and museum area with vehicles, required the enclosure of this volume. The uniqueness of the building makes it impossible to comply with the fire safety requirements (CTE DB SI), therefore, alternative solutions were used for the design of the new smoke control system for the enclosed volume for the new activity. The system selected includes an airlock-extract combination that improves the conditions of evacuation without affecting the aesthetics of the Pavilion's envelope. SODECA fume extractor model THT-56-4T-1-F400 with a theoretical flow rate of 12,349 m³/h, connected to COLT KAMALEON airlock 1500x1000 mm, with an opening degree of 45º, aerodynamic surface area 0.519 m²/m².. The new measures were implemented in the building with the approval of the competent authority for Civil Protection, Cultural Heritage and a favorable final report from an Administration Control Entity. Keywords: Building Evacuation, Fire Safety Engineering, Alternative Solutions. Performance Based Design, Smoke Control

Modeling of Safe Evacuation Conditions at the Construction Site for Building Type “I”

To ensure the safety of construction site personnel and to improve the efficiency of emergency safety evacuation of site personnel, this study analyzes the risk reasons for fire accidents and the characteristics of combustion fires on construction sites. Based on a refined BIM model, a numerical simulation of the fire situation is performed using PyroSim (2019 version) software on a construction site. In the Pyrosim fire simulation model, fire scenarios with distinct construction stages and fire source locations are set up to simulate, compare, and analyze the varying pattern of each fire product in various fire scenarios. Using this information with the Pathfinder (2019 version) simulation model, a coupled simulation test of fire evacuation is conducted to assess the safety of evacuating individuals in each fire scenario. The results show that flammable materials in open spaces are more risky to burn than in confined spaces. After optimizing the utilization of safety exits and the density of people in the second simulation, it was found that the required safety evacuation time was reduced to 267 s, which is lower than the available safety evacuation time of 318.5 s for each scenario. All fire scenarios meet the safe evacuation criteria. The study results can provide a theoretical basis for developing fire response strategies for construction units and contribute to site safety management.

Modeling roadway temperatures for wildfire evacuation and assessment of pavement damage

Wildfires can cause enormous loss of assets and human lives, and thus, timely evacuation from the wildfire zone is critical to saving lives. Understanding evacuation route conditions, including traffic and temperature data, is imperative for safe evacuation. This study modeled the temperature conditions of an evacuation roadway within a wildfire zone, using the 2018 Camp Fire in Butte County, California as an experiment. The numerical modeling program, FlamMap, was used in this study to analyze the temperature conditions of an evacuation route. The results show that the temperature of the evacuation roadway increased quickly in a matter of a few hours. The change of roadways temperatures ranged from 3°C to 297°C within five hours after ignition, depending on the specific location along the roadway and other conditions. The results from this study can be used to understand temperature conditions for effective evacuation and to estimate roadway damage as well.

Pedestrian Simulation on Evacuation Behavior in Teaching Building of Primary School Emergencies and Optimized Design

The spatial layout and arrangement of obstacles in the built environment significantly affect its evacuation performance. However, few researchers focus on pedestrian simulation-based design optimization of built environment under emergency evacuation conditions. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the evacuation performance of optimized design solutions for traffic space in the teaching building of a primary school based on a pedestrian simulation approach and to quantify the effect of design parameters on evacuation time. Firstly, the level of traffic space design parameters was determined and optimized design solutions for the traffic space of the school building were generated. Secondly, based on the Anylogic simulation platform, the environment module and pedestrian evacuation behaviour rules of the teaching building were built to realize the evacuation behaviour simulation. Thirdly, the effect of the traffic space design parameters on the evacuation time of the teaching building was evaluated and the most significant design parameters were identified. Finally, the optimal combination of traffic space design parameters was proposed under evacuation performance orientation. The results show that the sensitivity of the traffic space design parameters to evacuation time is 31.85%. The effect of corridor width on evacuation time is 49.06 times greater than the staircase width. The optimal design combination for the traffic space in the teaching building of the primary school is a 3.0 m wide trapezoidal corridor combined with a 3.6 m wide staircase, and a 3.0 m wide fish maw corridor combined with 3.6 m wide staircase, guided by evacuation performance. The framework developed in this paper provides technical support for the development of evacuation performance-oriented design optimization of the built environment, and the results are intended to supplement the building design specifications.

Transportability Assessment Scale (TAS) and transportation associated mortality (TAS–mortality) critical patients and patients with emergency-related injuries

Relevance. The existing traditional tools (scales) to assess severity of the patient’s condition and death probability do not take into account a set of crucial parameters for the upcoming medical evacuation.The objective is to develop the Transportability Assessment Scale (TAS) and transportability-associated mortality (TAS-mortality) tool to evaluate critical patients and patients injured in emergency situations (ES) of all age groups at different stages of medical evacuation using all types of transportation, followed by inpatient treatment.Methods. In total, we analyzed N=217 clinical cases of medical evacuation using different types of transportation in combination with either traditional intensive care (n=149, control group) or ECMO (n=68, trial group) due to refractory respiratory and/or circulatory insufficiency in all age groups. Once the patients embarked on medical evacuation, they were immediately split in groups to assess their condition while transportation and within the next 72 hours (associated period). A new scale (formula) to assess patient’s transportability and probability of mortality, including in the ECMO setting, was formulated based on the following statistical techniques: one-factor forecasting, risk classes of disorder development and logistic regression modeling applied to such target indicators as “death”, “transportation negative impact on patient’s condition” and other factors. Most significant factors were further embedded in the new transportability and probability of death assessment scale (formula).Results and discussion. The Transportability Assessment Scale (TAS) was developed using logistic regression model measuring the impact of transportation on the patient’s condition: y = exp(37∙ x1 + 6∙ x2 + 20∙ x3 +16∙ x4 + 21∙ x5 + 27∙ x6 – 27∙ x7) / 1+ exp(37∙ x1 + 6∙ x2 + 20∙ x3 +16∙ x4 + 21∙ x5 + 27∙ x6 – 27∙ x7), where: у – transportability assessment of patient; x1 (PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 110); x2 (Age ≥ 65 years); x3 (VIS ≥ 4 points); x4 (PaCO2 ≥ 55 mm Hg); x5 (SvO2 ≤ 60 %); x6 (HR∙ ≥ 127 beats per minute); x7 (ECMO application). Depending on the evacuation conditions, correction factors were as follows: x1 – 0.75 if the patient is to be transported by plane, x6 – 0.65 if the patient’s body weight is less than 10 kg. The results were translated into a 100-point scoring system: patients scoring up to 30 points were available for evacuation; 30 to 70 indicated evacuation to be performed in ongoing intensive care setting; over 70 indicated impossibility of evacuation until the patient is stabilized and subcompensated. We also developed the new TAS-mortality 100-point scale: y = exp(29∙ x1 + 16∙ x2 + 11∙ x3 + 10∙ x4 + 9∙ x5 + 7∙ x6 + 7∙ x7 + 6∙ x8 + 4∙ x9 + 1∙ x10,) / 1+ exp(29∙ x1 + 16∙ x2 + 11∙ x3 + 10∙ x4 + 9∙ x5 + 7∙ x6 + 7∙ x7 + 6∙ x8 + 4∙ x9 + 1∙ x10), where: y – probability of outcome – death; x1 (lactate ≥ 8 mmol/L), x2 (age ≥ 65 лет), x3 (creatinine ≥ 300 µmol/L), x4 (duration of mechanical ventilation ≥ 7 days), x5 (bilirubin ≥ 102 µmol/L), x6 (PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 110), x7 (CPR), F8 (VIS ≥ 4 points), x9 (PaCO2 ≥ 70 mm Hg), x10 (SvO2 ≤ 50 %). TAS-mortality scale complemented by the ROC analysis program (AuROC = 0.83; p < 0.001), showed higher sensitivity, specificity and efficacy in comparison with traditional scales APACHE-IV & Mortality Rate, SOFA & Mortality Rate, Scale of Assessment of Vital System (ShOVS).Conclusion. The proposed Transportability Assessment Scale (TAS) and transportation associated mortality (TAS-Mortality) scale have better sensitivity, efficiency and ROC-curve than traditional scales, and therefore could be actively recommended to describe the state of emergency victims or critical patients of all age categories, as well as to make decisions regarding medical evacuation, including ECMO and medical jets.