Practice Of Euthanasia Research Articles

Euthanasia of Cats by Australian Veterinarians: A Survey of Current Practices.

We sought to document the contemporary feline euthanasia practices among Australian veterinarians and determine the factors associated with the administration of a premedication or sedation prior to euthanasia. Australian veterinarians who had euthanised at least one cat during the previous 12 months were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. From 615 valid responses, 585 respondents (95.1%) had euthanised at least one cat in the last 12 months, of which 462 respondents (75.1%) had performed an emergency euthanasia. Intravenous (IV) injection (n = 536, 91.6%) of pentobarbitone sodium (n = 584, 99.8%) was the predominant primary method. Premedication or sedation was administered to cats by 415/585 (71.0%) and 242/462 (52.4%) of respondents in non-emergency and emergency euthanasia, respectively. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, for non-emergency euthanasia, being female and working in a metropolitan area were significant predictors for administering a premedication or sedation (p < 0.001 and p = 0.037, respectively). For emergency euthanasia, working in an 'other' type of practice was a significant predictor for administering a premedication or sedation (p < 0.001). Australian veterinarians vary in their approach to feline euthanasia. There is scope for refinement of euthanasia techniques to maximise the welfare of cats, their owners or guardians, and veterinary team members.

Konflik Norma Penolakan Euthanasia di Indonesia

Problems in the Human Rights Law which only regulate the right to life and not the right to die. If interpreted broadly, the logic is that if the right to live exists, then the right to die must also exist. If the state legalizes forced deprivation of life by law, then the government should also regulate the legalization of death by its own will in the law. This study aims to examine how the basic considerations of judges in rejecting the Application for Injection of Death or Euthanasia in the Decision of the Banda Aceh District Court are viewed from the perspective of human rights and how the rejection of the Application for Injection of Death or Euthanasia in the Decision of the Banda Aceh District Court is viewed from the perspective of the values of justice . The method used in this study is normative juridical with the following results; The rejection of the application for lethal injection or euthanasia in the Berlin Silalahi case for researchers is a form of injustice and violates the purpose of making the law itself. Whereas euthanasia can be considered as a way to uphold the 'Right to live' by respecting the 'Right to die' with dignity. Furthermore, the application of the practice of euthanasia in Indonesia is actually possible to implement and can bring human rights supremacy in Indonesia closer. The supremacy of human rights here is interpreted to cover human rights as a whole which previously had not been included in positive law so that they could be contained in positive law in Indonesia.

Justifying Euthanasia: A Qualitative Study of Veterinarians' Ethical Boundary Work of "Good" Killing.

(1) Veterinarians are regularly required to euthanize their "objects of care" as part of their work, which distinguishes them from other healthcare professionals. This paper examines how veterinarians navigate the ethical tensions inherent in euthanasia, particularly the collision between the routine practice of killing animals within their profession and the broader social and moral implications. (2) Using the sociological concept of ethical boundary work as a theoretical framework, this research observes how veterinarians draw boundaries by positioning their euthanasia practices on the ethical "good" spectrum. A grounded theory study of 17 qualitative interviews with veterinarians was conducted. (3) The findings highlight differences in ethical boundary work within veterinary medicine, particularly in the distinction between farm animals and companion animals. Economic and emotional reasoning play differing roles in explanation and justification. Ethical boundary work is a tool for distinguishing normative frameworks in different areas of veterinary medicine. (4) In conclusion, veterinarians grapple with the realities of an imperfect world and often rely on boundary work to assert diverse interests and navigate multiple contexts. By exploring the complexities of ethical boundary work, this study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the moral landscape within veterinary practice.

Could palliative sedation be seen as unnamed euthanasia?: a survey among healthcare professionals in oncology

BackgroundIn 2016 a French law created a new right for end-of-life patients: deep and continuous sedation maintained until death, with discontinuation of all treatments sustaining life such as artificial nutrition and hydration. It was totally unprecedented that nutrition and hydration were explicitly defined in France as sustaining life treatments, and remains a specificity of this law. End- of-life practices raise ethical and practical issues, especially in Europe actually. We aimed to know how oncology professionals deal with the law, their opinion and experience and their perception.MethodsOnline mono-centric survey with closed-ended and open-ended questions in a Cancer Comprehensive Centre was elaborated. It was built during workshops of the ethics committee of the Institute, whose president is an oncologist with a doctoral degree in medical ethics. 58 oncologists and 121 nurses—all professionals of oncological departments -, received it, three times, as mail, with an information letter.Results63/ 179 professionals answered the questionnaire (35%). Conducting end-of-life discussions and advanced care planning were reported by 46/63 professionals. In the last three months, 18 doctors and 7 nurses faced a request for a deep and continuous sedation maintained until death, in response to physical or existential refractory suffering. Artificial nutrition and even more hydration were not uniformly considered as treatment. Evaluation of the prognosis, crucial to decide a deep and continuous sedation maintained until death, appears to be very difficult and various, between hours and few weeks. Half of respondents were concerned that this practice could lead to or hide euthanasia practices, whereas for the other half, this new law formalised practices necessary for the quality of palliative care at the end-of-life.ConclusionMost respondents support the implementation of deep and continuous sedation maintained until death in routine end-of-life care. Nevertheless, difficulty to stop hydration, confusion with euthanasia practices, ethical debates it provokes and the risk of misunderstanding within teams and with families are significant. This is certainly shared by other teams. This could lead to a multi-centric survey and if confirmed might be reported to the legislator.

Palliative sedation: autonomy, suffering, and euthanasia.

This contemporary and novel review of palliative sedation explores some of the distinctive ethical problems associated with that intervention. It is timely in light of recent reviews of palliative care guidelines on the topic and given the current public debates around the related but distinct practice of euthanasia. The main themes discussed are patient autonomy, the nature of suffering and how to alleviate it, and the relationship between palliative sedation and euthanasia. First, palliative sedation poses a significant problem for patient autonomy, both in terms of securing informed consent and in terms of the ongoing effect on individual well-being. Second, as an intervention to alleviate suffering, it is appropriate only in limited cases and counterproductive in others, for example, where an individual values their ongoing psychological or social agency more than the relief of pain or negative experience. Third, people's ethical views about palliative sedation are often coloured by their understanding of the legal and moral status of assisted dying and euthanasia; this is unhelpful and occludes the interesting and urgent ethical questions raised by palliative sedation as a distinct end-of-life intervention.

SUGGESTING THE ISLAMIC LAW APPROACH TO THE PRACTICE OF EUTHANASIA IN NIGERIA

Advancements in both medical technology and bioethics have generated various new moral issues regarding abortion, cloning, and euthanasia. Arguments on euthanasia often hinge on the ‘right to life’ and the ‘right to die’. The first is a widely accepted basic human right and moral value, based on the fact that people generally want to live. However, what should be the case when seriously ill people choose to die because of unbearable pain? This concerns both medical and religious ethics and it becoming more pressing recently. How can a balance be maintained between the right to life and making death an alternative for a sick person experiencing unbearable pain? This, therefore, forms the premise under which this paper is written from the perspectives of Islamic ethics vis-à-vis medical ethics. The objective of this paper is therefore to consider the Islamic ethical position on euthanasia to appreciate its comprehensiveness and investigate medical treatment and practice of euthanasia. While adopting doctrinal and non-doctrinal methods, the findings of this study show that many people particularly in Nigeria unwittingly practice passive euthanasia as a result of religious doctrine or economic disadvantage. The study concludes that Allah grants human beings the right to live but not the right to die under any circumstance and that nature be allowed to take its course.

Euthanasia and faith-based aged-care organisations: The right not to kill?

In this paper we focus on an important specific issue which has not received serious attention in the scholarly literature on euthanasia, namely, that of the coercive imposition (by way of sanction-backed regulations) of the practice of voluntary active euthanasia (in particular) on faith-based, aged-care organizations. In Section 1 we outline the relevant conceptual background drawing on existing literature. In Section 2, we consider two conflicting ethical standpoints on voluntary active euthanasia. In Section 3 we outline the nature and extent of the push to impose the practice of voluntary active euthanasia on Catholic-run aged-care organizations. In Section 4 we argue that the argument for coercively imposing the practice of voluntary active euthanasia on faith-based, aged-care organizations, is not well-made, especially in the context of liberal democracies committed to pluralism.

Interactive euthanasia training program for the dairy industry: Implementation and perceived respondent knowledge change

This study described the development of an interactive euthanasia training program and its potential to improve dairy workers' perceived euthanasia decision-making skills and awareness of timely euthanasia by using a survey instrument before and after the program. Training material encompassed euthanasia information over 2 production stages (calves and cows or heifers) and material was delivered on-farm in a case-scenario format (14 cases). During a 3-mo period, 30 different dairy farms were visited and 81 participants were enrolled in this study. Each participant was required to complete a survey pretraining, to complete the case studies from the production stage in which their job responsibility was more closely aligned with (estimated completion time of 1 h), and to complete a survey post-training. Surveys contained 8 statements regarding participants' perceived knowledge of euthanasia practices. The questions were answered on a 5-point scale: (1) strongly disagree, (2) disagree, (3) neither agree nor disagree, (4) agree, or (5) strongly agree. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models were created for each question to investigate the effect of age, sex, dairy experience, farm size, role at the farm, race, previous experience with euthanasia, veterinarian degree, and production stage in the score change, defined by the presence or absence of an increase in the 5-point scale score. Upon completion of the training, respondents were more confident in identifying compromised animals (score change = 0.35), determining when an animal should be euthanized (score change = 0.64), and understanding the importance of timely euthanasia (score change = 0.26). Age and euthanasia experience were significantly associated with the respondents' perceived knowledge; suggesting that younger, less-experienced caretakers on-farm should be prioritized to receive training. The proposed interactive case-based euthanasia training program has proven to be valuable to dairy participants and veterinarians as it provides a means to improve dairy welfare.

Analisis Yuridis Terkait Penerapan Euthanasia Yang Dilakukan di Indonesia Berdasarkan Perspektif Hukum Pidana

As a result of the advancement of science and technology, which has had a significant impact on altering human life, patients or families can now request the assistance of a doctor or medical staff in order to hasten a loved one's demise. However, the request for death was made because there was no medical treatment that could foretell or lessen the patient's illness, all attempts to cure the patient by the doctor had failed, and the patient and his family were unable to pay for the patient's care. Based on the author's findings on euthanasia research, it can be concluded that both in terms of the legal order in Indonesia, the practice of euthanasia itself has not yet found a place for regulation to regulate both specifically and clearly. Whereas as explained in the discussion, even though there are various articles in various laws such as the Criminal Code and UUDNRI 1945 there are several articles that slightly intersect with euthanasia, regarding the existence of euthanasia in Indonesia, it still does not have a special place legally and legally . Whereas the implementation of euthanasia in Indonesia itself, there have been several cases of euthanasia that have occurred in Indonesia, and several of these cases in their application to the realm of the Courts in Indonesia have not been given space in practice, in contrast to several other countries which have legalized the practice of euthanasia, such as the Netherlands and America. However, in carrying out the euthanasia practice itself, there are several conditions for carrying out the euthanasia practice itself.

Ethical and scientific considerations when making decisions to euthanise companion animals

Euthanasia is a highly controversial issue in human society. In the field of veterinary medicine, there are guidelines that are intended to assist with the decision-making around euthanasia and reduce the possible ethical and moral conflicts involved with these situations. In this review, we have collected the existing information that allows veterinarians to better understand the factors surrounding the practice of euthanasia. Specific literature on topics such as the pathophysiology of pain in animals, clinical situations that could lead to a decision to euthanise an animal, possible ethical and moral conflicts, the management of emotions by animal tutors, etc. This article provides a general and practical overview of this potentially complex issue for the benefit of students, veterinarians, and the general public from both an ethical and medical point of view, and covers the fundamental concepts and notions that can facilitate decision-making concerning the euthanasia of animals. Ethical practices in veterinary medicine and the correct application of animal welfare principals are central to making such decisions responsibly.

Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: Sweetness in Bitterness

In this paper, a review of the concepts of euthanasia and assisted suicide is conducted. It begins by describing the historical trends from the beginning of the 20th century to the modern-day view. In doing this, some notable cases of these practices in the identified periods are discussed in a separate section. This qualitative study revealed that the doctrine of assisted suicide and the practice of euthanasia differ for different regions. This paper further analysed the argument for and against the doctrine of euthanasia. The theories and the school of thoughts on euthanasia are being examined. The study gives a clue to Nigeria legal perspective on euthanasia. The method of the study adopted was doctrinal in nature with the aid of textbooks, articles and internet sources. The research recommends among others, the improvement of Nigeria Constitution and legislation to promote and protect its citizen’s basic right to human dignity, personal liberty, freedom of thought and right to life as embedded in Chapter IV of the Constitution and to support their health care right. It further notes that there is absolutely no evidence of harms to society or to vulnerable individuals as a result of legalization of assisted suicide and euthanasia, rather than depriving competent adults who want to die sooner their freedom of choice.&#x0D; Keywords: Euthanasia, physician assisted suicide, Human Rights, Medical Ethics

Documentation of Sedation in Palliative Care: A Scoping Review of Requirements, Recommendations, and Templates.

Objective: To identify and describe requirements, recommendations, and templates for the documentation of sedation in adult palliative care. Introduction: International literature shows inconsistency in clinical practice regarding sedation in palliative care accompanied by legal, ethical, and medical uncertainties. Documentation in general serves as proof for previous treatments. In the context of intentional sedation to relieve suffering at the end of life, documentation provides a clear demarcation against practices of euthanasia. Inclusion Criteria: Articles with full-text version published in English or German since 2000, covering documentation requirements, recommendations, monitoring parameters or templates for sedation in adult palliative care were included. Methods: Scoping review following the JBI methodology. Search in online databases, websites of professional associations in palliative care, reference lists of relevant publications, the archive of the German "Journal of Palliative Medicine" and databases for unpublished literature were used. Search terms included "palliative care,' "sedation," and "documentation." The search was conducted from January 2022 to April 2022 with an initial hand search in November 2021. Data were screened and charted by one reviewer after conducting a pilot test of the criteria. Results: From the initial 390 articles (database search), 22 articles were included. In addition, 15 articles were integrated from the hand search. The results can be clustered in two sets of items, regarding either the documentation before or during sedation. The documentation requirements referred both to inpatient and homecare settings but in many cases, a clear assignment was missing. Conclusions: The guidelines analyzed in this study rarely cover setting-specific differences in documentation and often treat documentation as minor topic. Further research is needed addressing legal and ethical concerns of health care teams and, therefore, help to improve treatment of patients suffering from otherwise intractable burden at the end of life.

The Euthanasia Debate and Its Implications on The Legalization of Euthanasia in Indonesia

Today, an ethical issue that is controversial and much debated is the practice of euthanasia. The ethical debate on euthanasia is basically about competing moral visions and values. The research method used in this study is qualitative. Information is collected from publications such as books and journals. The advocates for the legalisation of euthanasia based their reasons on compassion and individual autonomy. They argue that euthanasia is right because it removes human suffering. Everyone has the right to determine how to die, concerning when and how. They believe that certain lives, such as people in a persistent vegetative state, are not just worth living. Those who oppose euthanasia say it is morally wrong to kill helpless people, even at their request. Christians who oppose euthanasia base their arguments on the sanctity of life. A person’s freedom to decide on euthanasia should follow a structure of healthy moral values. Another key consideration in the debate is the slippery slope argument. Currently, euthanasia is prohibited in Indonesia, as stated in Article 344 of the Indonesian Criminal Code. As more countries legalise euthanasia, the writer believes that the call for legalising euthanasia in Indonesia will be intensified. We need to be better informed because law, medicine, beliefs and reason intersect in the euthanasia debate. The writer will give an overall view of the contemporary euthanasia debate from a Christian perspective.

Euthanasia of Dogs by Australian Veterinarians: A Survey of Current Practices.

Euthanasia techniques utilised by veterinarians impact the welfare of many dogs in their final moments. Despite euthanasia guidelines, little is known about euthanasia techniques used in practice. We administered an online survey of Australian veterinarians who had euthanised at least one dog in the previous 12 months. We found that 668 (96.8%) had euthanised a dog in the previous 12 months, almost all using intravenous pentobarbitone sodium (n = 651, 99.7%). For non-emergency euthanasia (n = 653), the majority (n = 442, 67.7%) administered a premedication or sedation prior to euthanasia versus less than half for emergency euthanasia (n = 286, 46.4%). Practices and views about euthanasia varied. Female veterinarians and veterinarians located in metropolitan regions were more likely to administer a premedication or sedation prior to non-emergency euthanasia (p < 0.05). Veterinarians in private mixed animal practices were less likely to administer a premedication or sedation prior to a non-emergency euthanasia (p < 0.05). For non-emergency and emergency euthanasia, veterinarians who worked in "other" practice types were more likely to administer a premedication or sedation than private companion animal practices (p < 0.05). The possible reasons for differences in euthanasia practices are explored, and scope for refinement is identified.

Euthanasia of dogs and cats by veterinarians in New Zealand: protocols, procedures and experiences

ABSTRACT Aims: To collect data on protocols used by New Zealand veterinarians to perform euthanasia of dogs and cats, and to explore opinions towards the training they received in euthanasia during veterinary school. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to all veterinarians registered with the Veterinary Council of New Zealand. The survey asked respondents about their practices’ policies for euthanasia; protocols for performing euthanasia of dogs and cats; opinions towards euthanasia training received in veterinary school; and subsequent experiences with euthanasia in practice. Descriptive statistics were provided for all quantitative study variables and thematic analysis was performed on the free-text comments. Results: The survey was completed by 361/1,448 (24.9%) veterinarians in companion or mixed animal practice. The mean numbers of dogs and cats euthanised each month were 7.2 (median 5; min 0; max 60) and 7.9 (median 5; min 0; max 60), respectively. Fewer than half of respondents reported that their clinic had a standard protocol for euthanising dogs (147/361; 40.7%) or cats (157/361; 43.5%). For euthanasia of dogs, 119/361 (32.9%) always used sedation while 71/361 (19.7%) indicated that they would not use sedation. For euthanasia of cats, 170/361 (47.1%) always used sedation while 53/361 (14.7%) indicated that they would not use sedation. Placement of IV catheters, methods for patient restraint, preferences towards the presence of owners during euthanasia, services provided with euthanasia, and discussions with owners were also highly variable and handled case-by-case depending on the client, patient, and clinical scenario. When asked about the euthanasia training received at veterinary school, it was generally ranked as below satisfactory, with approximately one-third of respondents indicating that they received no training in dealing with emotional clients (113/361; 31.3%), sedation protocols for euthanasia (107/361; 29.6%), or managing compassion fatigue (132/361; 36.6%). Most respondents (268/361; 74.2%) received no formal training in euthanasia after graduation and learned from experience or discussions with colleagues. Providing animals and owners with a good experience during the euthanasia process was highlighted as important for managing compassion fatigue. Conclusions: Euthanasia is a common procedure in companion animal practice and there is considerable variation in how veterinarians approach both the technical and non-technical elements. Training provided during veterinary school was generally considered below satisfactory, particularly regarding managing compassion fatigue and clients’ emotional needs. Clinical relevance: Providing veterinarians with additional training on adapting their euthanasia protocols to different clinical scenarios may improve the experience for patients, owners and veterinary staff.

Ethical and Practical Considerations Associated with Companion Animal Euthanasia.

The reality that euthanasia in veterinary practice can end animal suffering but can also be used in circumstances that do not serve an animal's interest, can be a benefit for animals, and a burden for veterinary professionals, respectively. This essay addresses ethical and practical concerns associated with companion animal euthanasia, including defining euthanasia, why and when euthanasia should be performed, applying euthanasia in practice, contemporary methods, aftercare of deceased animals, and the consequences of euthanasia and dysthanasia for animals, animal owners, and veterinary professionals. We contend that an intention-based definition of euthanasia should be strictly applied in veterinary practice and that practitioners view euthanasia decisions as requests that can (and in some cases should) be declined, rather than as mandates.

Percepções do médico veterinário a respeito da eutanásia animal e a relação com sua saúde mental

ABSTRACT: Ethical and moral issues surround the practice of animal euthanasia, which often damages the veterinarian’s mental health, leading to psychological problems and even suicide. This study aimed to evaluate veterinarians’ perceptions about euthanasia and the possible implications of the practice for their mental health and seek to identify gaps in the training of these professionals. Data collection occurred by applying an online questionnaire sent to veterinarians working in the Brazilian territory. Among the 243 participants, 78% said they did not have classes that broadly addressed the practice of animal euthanasia and dysthanasia during undergraduate disciplines; in addition, 71% claimed that they did not address subjects such as medical ethics, psychology, mental health, and verbal communication. The vast majority (90%) considered not trained to deal with patient death, and 67% have already questioned whether the procedure was the best alternative. The presence of sadness after performing euthanasia was frequent among participants. Small animal clinicians were more susceptible to the presence of this feeling when compared to a veterinarian from other areas. Most veterinarians (86%) believed that the practice of animal euthanasia poses risks to the performer’s mental health, and 89% claimed that it influences their mental health. 17% of the participants were using controlled medications during the research period. So, given these findings, it is evident that animal euthanasia negatively affects the mental health of those who perform it. Measures are needed to minimize the impacts arising from the practice, aiming to improve this population’s health and well-being.

Implementation of an Alternative Training Method for Cardiac Blood Collection in Mice.

Training personnel to work with animals presents a variety of challenges, both logistically and with regard to animal welfare. These issues make training an ideal opportunity to evaluate practices and to implement the 3R principles (refinement, replacement, and reduction). Cardiac blood collection from mice is a procedure that can compromise the 3Rs by requiring repeated practice and animal euthanasia. The development of a non-animal training model would promote the 3R principles. Our goals for the development of a new training model for cardiac blood collection from mice were to reduce the number of mice needed to achieve competency, improve our culture of care, and refine the training approach by improving competency. The training model was developed using commonly available materials. The total cost of the model was less than $15 USD per model. Two training curricula were conducted concurrently over a 5-mo period: 1) a curriculum in which trainees used the model before progressing to live mice and 2) the traditional curriculum, which used euthanized mice throughout. The measured variables included the total number of mice used, proportions of trainees who reached competency, the time needed to reach competency, method comprehension, quality of skill performance, trainer and trainee feedback, and training costs. The alternative group used at least 10 fewer mice per technician as compared with the traditionally trained group. The alternative group had a higher competency rate, with 82% (9 of 11 trainees) reaching competency compared with 60% (3 of 5 trainees) in the traditional group. Skill comprehension and quality were superior in the alternative group, as evidenced by fewer gross lesions at necropsy. Overall, personnel in the alternative group provided positive feedback with regard to the use of fewer mice, acquisition of both skill and confidence, and benefits for compassion fatigue. The use of this model is now our standard approach for training personnel in cardiac blood collection in mice. Our results demonstrate that the use of models in training curricula can enhance skill development and reduce the use of mice.

Comparison of official reporting on assisted suicide and euthanasia across jurisdictions

ObjectivesOfficial data reports from countries where assisted suicide and euthanasia is legal are an important resource for discerning participation rates, patient safety and transparency in the way that assisted dying...

Medical aid in dying: A foreseen decisive role for the specialized nurse practitioner in Quebec

The legalisation of the practice of euthanasia is gaining momentum worldwide. This paper dresses the evolution of the legalisation and development of the practice of euthanasia – medical aid in dying (MAiD) – in Canada and especially in the province of Quebec to provide understanding and guidance for health care practitioners, administrators and a larger audience. This literature review explores the phenomenon of the increasing practice of MAiD in the province of Quebec (Canada) and its possible extension into practice by specialised nurse practitioners (SNPs), it also addresses the history and issues of the practice of MAiD in this context. The analysis made it possible to define three themes that make up this phenomenon, namely a) MAiD in Canada: Implementation of the Role of NPs; b) Growing demand for MAiD in Quebec’s province; c) Issues Related to a Possible Practice of MAiD by SPNs in Quebec. Results show the rising of MAiD practised in Canada and, in Quebec, especially for an aging population and those struggling with terminal illness in order to avoid undue prolongation of suffering at the end of life. However, access to end-of-life care (EoLC) and MAiD is undermined by a shortage of doctors, bureaucratic debacles, a lack of interdisciplinary cohesion and practice and, the geographical remoteness of patients. This study also highlights the modest field of research and investigation in this specific area of practice and the need for explicit teaching about the topic of the practice of MAiD for health professionals. Finally, results show that in order to remedy this problems, the governments of Canada and Quebec and various professional orders, namely those of nurses, physicians and pharmacists, have come together to promote access to MAiD by proposing a practice project for SNPs duly trained at Master degree.