International Market Research Articles

Based on the New Dynamic Network DEA and Malmquist Index of High-Quality Innovation in the New Energy Vehicle Economy Development Research of the Internet of Things

This paper takes the enterprise economic data of new energy vehicles (NEVs) in 2018–2023 as the research background, combined with the performance evaluation theory of the NEV industry, and systematically discusses how to make the high-quality innovative development of NEVs as the research purpose. We use the new dynamic network data envelope analysis (DEA) model, Marmquist Index and other and the Internet of Things internationally recognized, scientific and effective data models as research methods to make an in-depth analysis of the business performance of five representative enterprises on multi-quantitative input-output issues. The research results show that the NEV industry has a good development prospect and economic foundation on the whole, but it still faces challenges such as limited space for core technology progress, insufficient carbon emission reduction and environmental protection planning. At the end, this paper puts forward innovation suggestions such as accelerating technological innovation, optimizing production process and responding to preferential policies and exploring international market.

Big-data AI analytics in value-chain innovation and international marketing strategy: insights from SMEs in cultural and creative industries

Purpose Despite great consensus on the positive impact of big-data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) analytics (BDAI) on a firm’s performance, it still appears to be a black box mechanism through which small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) strengthen their dynamic competencies to innovate and expand their global footprint. To fill this theoretical and empirical gap we examine the relationship between BDAI affordances, digital marketing capabilities (DMCs), value-chain innovation and international market goals.Design/methodology/approach The study incorporates the dynamic capability view an extension of the resource-based view and the knowledge-based view to empirically examine the primary data collected from marketing managers and executives of SMEs in cultural and creative industries utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis.Findings The study highlights the significant role of BDAI affordances such as intelligent process recommendations, customer intelligence and market intelligence on DMCs, where DMCs significantly affect value-chain innovation and international market strategy both directly and indirectly.Research limitations/implications The study minimizes the gap in identifying the BDAI affordances to drive innovation and international market strategy in the context of SMEs in cultural and creative industries. Marketing managers can incorporate these findings to enhance their digital capabilities for competitive advantages in international markets.Originality/value The study proposes a holistic framework of BDAI affordances for the strategic use of digital resources and knowledge to transform digital capabilities into new forms of value to expand in the international market. These insights are robust and grounded in findings provided by marketing practitioners.

Italian vermouth on the international market (1890–1960): a success story

Italian vermouth on the international market (1890–1960): a success story

European labour law as part of an economic union, monetary union and community of values—between harmonization and subsidiarity

Abstract The development of European labour law was neither straightforward nor continuous but followed the development of the European single market for a long time. Today, European labour law is an essential part of the social market economy in the European Union, even if there is no uniform European social model. The European Pillar of Social Rights is a commitment to a social Europe and accelerated regulatory practice. From a political science perspective, the development of European labour law was and is dependent on the legitimacy of its actions of the European Union. Therefore, unlike in nation-states, no clearly defined concept of (European) labour law has emerged. Rather, three central areas can be identified: (1) transnational labour law, primarily the free movement of workers, as nucleus of European labour law, (2) European labour law as a result of the interference of business-related fundamental freedoms with the welfare states in the Member States, and (3) European labour law as a result of a proactive social policy. However, the European Union has and will have to continue to organise its legislation in coordination with the welfare states in the Member States. Politically, it must prove that its measures are necessary because it can regulate the issues in question better than the Member States would be able to. Crises affecting several Member States are often the main driving force behind the deepening of the cooperation in the field of social policy. In addition, new developments can give the Member States reasons to take a standardised approach from the outset. Furthermore, the European Union should act primarily in connection with such social standards regarding which all Member States have already ratified international conventions without reservations and have thus agreed on a uniform standard.

Deposit return schemes of EU Member States and the EU's internal market

Deposit return schemes of EU Member States and the EU's internal market

Resource Creation Processes in the Fruit Sector That Focus on International Market Insertion

Objective: This study aims to investigate the processes of creation, adaptation, and renewal of strategic resources in the irrigated fruit farming sector, focusing on producers from the Nilo Coelho Irrigation District (DINC) in Petrolina, Brazil, to understand how these processes enable their insertion into international markets. Theoretical Framework: The research is grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV), Dynamic Capabilities, Life Cycle Theory, Teleological Theory, and Institutional Theory, providing a solid basis to analyze the challenges faced and strategies adopted by producers. Method: A qualitative exploratory approach was adopted, analyzing 18 enterprises of varying sizes. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and secondary data, using triangulation to validate the findings. Results and Discussion: The findings revealed three main dimensions structuring competitiveness: the internal dynamics of rural enterprises, the internal production environment, and the external environment. Additionally, seven critical factors were identified, including international certifications, innovation in traceability, and logistical infrastructure. The discussion links these findings to the theoretical framework, highlighting how producers overcome structural barriers through strategic alliances, organizational learning, and sustainable practices. Research Implications: This study contributes to managerial strategies and public policies, providing insights into strengthening competitiveness in the irrigated fruit farming sector. Originality/Value: The research advances the literature by integrating multiple theoretical approaches to analyze strategic processes in agribusiness, standing out for its examination of a strategic yet underexplored hub within the Brazilian context.

Revitalization of Old Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) Garden for Agumenting Growth, Flower Yield and Essential Oil Quality by Pruning and Fertilizer Application

The flower quality and essential oil concentration plays a critical role in marketing in local and international market. To unfold yield potential of the plants in old garden, cultural practices and nutrition remain the only feasible option as a part of management to the farmer to provide congenial environment to the plant. The impact of pruning and fertilizer application on growth, flower yield, volatile oil composition, physiological and biochemical processes are still poorly investigated on damask rose. Hence, the field experiment was led-out with nine treatment conditions encompassing three pruning systems and three fertilizer dosages to standardize the best practice to rejuvenate the old rose garden. The results showed that the pruning at 60 cm from ground level and application of 200:100:100 N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1exhibited maximum increase in growth parameters and flowering parameters like bud length (13.17 cm), diameter (5.52 cm), number of flowers per plant (273.41), flower yield (66.54 q ha-1) and vase life (9.37 days) followed by pruning at 45 cm from ground level and application of 150:75:75 N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1. Essential oil characters like volatile oil percentage (0.051 %) and volatile oil productivity (0.973 l plant-1) were highest in treatments of pruning at 60 cm from ground level and application of 200:100:100 N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1. From the experiment it is suggested that the old rose gardens can be rejuvenated by pruning and fertilizer application for better growth, flower production and increase in essential oil.

Improving Community Economic Value Through Utilization of Oil Palm Leaf Midribs into Export Handicraft Products

This community service activity aims to increase the economic value of the community through the utilization of oil palm leaf midribs that have been underutilized into export-valued handicraft products. Palm oil is a leading commodity in many regions in Indonesia, but the waste in the form of leaf midribs is often neglected. Through training and mentoring programs, the community is able to produce a variety of innovative new designs, following modern market trends. palm oil leaf midribs handicrafts not only have functional value but also a more attractive aesthetic value. In addition, this activity also includes education on international marketing strategies and export market access. The results of the activities showed an increase in community knowledge and skills in processing oil palm leaf midribs and an increase in economic income through marketing products to international markets. This activity is expected to be sustainable and become a model for local resource-based economic development.

Global leadership: the contribution of the MBA in entrepreneurship to the international market

Global leadership: the contribution of the MBA in entrepreneurship to the international market

Peran Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Strategi Content Marketing pada Produk Somethinc untuk Meningkatkan Kompetitif Bisnis Internasional

In the ever-growing digital era, content marketing strategy is an important key in increasing business competitiveness, especially in the highly competitive beauty industry. This research aims to analyze the role of human resources (HR) in implementing content marketing strategies for Somethinc products, a beauty brand from Indonesia that has succeeded in penetrating the international market. The main focus of this research is to identify how HR's role in designing, managing and delivering relevant content can strengthen Somethinc's brand positioning in the global market and increase its business competitiveness. Through a qualitative approach with interviews and case studies, this research reveals that the quality and creativity of human resources, understanding of international audiences, and the ability to adapt to digital trends play a very important role in formulating an effective content marketing strategy. Apart from that, solid team collaboration and the use of analytical data in decision making also support the achievement of more targeted marketing goals. The results of this research show that competent human resources can have a significant impact on increasing brand awareness and customer loyalty, which in turn strengthens Somethingnc's position in the international market. Therefore, investing in developing human resources who have digital skills and understanding of global markets is an important factor in a successful content marketing strategy.

Strategi Perdagangan Internasional Indonesia di Nigeria (Studi Kasus Ekspor Produk Indomie)

This study discusses Indonesia's international trade strategy through the export of Indomie products in Nigeria. As one of Indomie's largest markets abroad, Nigeria is an important example in the analysis of the success of international marketing strategies. Using a descriptive qualitative method, this study analyzes strategies that include product adjustment, promotion, distribution, and strategic partnerships. The results of the study show that adaptation to local tastes, competitive prices, and collaboration through joint ventures are the main factors for Indomie's success in Nigeria. This study provides insight into the development of international trade strategies for Indonesian products in the global market.

The multidimensionality of the collaborative economy in the light of the constitutional relations between the EU and the member states

Some platforms in the collaborative economy offer a combination of sectoral and information society services, which characterises them as a hybrid entity. The concurrent provision of disparate types of services necessitates the determination of the predominant activity of a given platform on a case-by-case basis. This, in turn, gives rise to legal uncertainty and inconsistent case law at the national level. This paper examines the impact of the choice of institutional alternatives in the context of multilevel governance in the EU on the legal status of collaborative economy business models such as Uber and Airbnb in the EU single market. The paper employs a mixed-methods research approach to analyse pivotal jurisprudential decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and national courts. It reaches the conclusion that the Airbnb platform, in its capacity as an information society service provider, is subject to the provisions of the Electronic Commerce Directive (2000/31/EC). Conversely, Uber, by virtue of its definition as a transport undertaking, is subject to shared jurisdiction between EU institutions and Member States in the field of transport services. This paper initiates a discussion on the suitability of the extant regulatory apparatus and underscores the necessity for the establishment of an appropriate institutional framework, either centralised at the EU level or decentralised at the level of Member States, that would provide substantive rules aimed at comprehensively regulating the legal status of hybrid business models, thus allowing for more uniform conditions for their operation in the EU single market.

Dynamics and Seasonal Fluctuations of Soybean Prices in Domestic and International Markets

Background: Soybean, being one of the most widely cultivated crops globally, plays a significant role in global agriculture and food production. However, soybean prices have experienced significant fluctuations over the past few years, causing imbalances in resource allocation and generating demand and supply gaps. Thus, analyzing past price trends is crucial to understand the current scenario and formulate appropriate strategies to improve the marketing system. Methods: This study examines the trends and seasonal variations in soybean prices in local, national and international markets using compound growth rate, trend and seasonality analysis. Monthly and yearly time series data of soybean prices in selected markets were collected from July 2006 to June 2021. The finding revealed a continuous rise in soybean prices in India over the 15 years. Result: The results revealed that the rise in soybean price during this period was due to inflation and farmers were not benefited. Furthermore, the study identified seasonal variation in soybean prices, with peak prices observed during may in most markets, when the crop comes to harvest. The study findings can be useful for policymakers and farmers to understand the trends and seasonal patterns in soybean prices.

Shaping China's National Image Through Infrastructure: Business Communication Strategies under the Belt and Road Initiative

With the promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative, the global investment and construction activities of Chinese infrastructure enterprises such as China Construction and China Railway have significantly improved the national image and brand awareness. However, in this process, these enterprises face challenges such as cultural differences, information gaps, and local people's doubts about foreign investment. This study explores how Chinese infrastructure companies shape the country's image through effective business communication strategies in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative. Through literature review and case study, this study will focus on the communication strategies adopted by Chinese infrastructure enterprises in countries along the Belt and Road, and how these strategies affect local consumers' perception and trust in Chinese brands. The study reveals that successful communication cases not only enhance brand recognition, but also increase consumer trust in the quality and efficacy of the program. In addition, cultural communication strategies are essential in different markets, helping enterprises integrate into the local society and improve their brand image. This study provides a new perspective and ideas for the brand communication of Chinese infrastructure enterprises in the international market. I contribute theoretical support for future academic research in related fields.

Methods for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Social Media Marketing Campaigns

This article examines the methodological aspects of evaluating the effectiveness of marketing campaigns on social media. It highlights the significance of such evaluations, emphasizing their role in optimizing processes, identifying areas for improvement, enhancing decision-making, ensuring alignment with objectives, and enabling iterative progress. The study identifies the unique characteristics of assessing social media marketing campaigns, contrasting them with traditional, non-digital methods commonly used in internal business marketing. The article reviews widely used methods for evaluating social media marketing performance and argues for the development of a customized approach that integrates multiple evaluation techniques with diverse origins, principles, and metrics. Particular attention is given to customer journey mapping as a tool for identifying and resolving potential "bottlenecks" in social media marketing efforts. The article describes the main stages of journey mapping and suggests key metrics for evaluation. It also discusses data sources and provides structured recommendations for creating a company-specific methodology for assessing social media marketing effectiveness. The study emphasizes the importance of setting clear goals, defining specific metrics and key performance indicators, incorporating diverse measures, and automating analytics for long-term use. Finally, it advocates for focusing on creative development as part of the optimization process. This research is intended for marketers working in social media, offering insights into comprehensive evaluation and strategies for improving campaign effectiveness.

Analyzing the Competitiveness of Indonesia's Lobster Exports: Comparative and Competitive Advantages Using RCA and ECI Indices

This research aims to analyze the competitiveness (comparative and competitive advantages) of Indonesia's lobster commodity exports. The data used in this research consists of secondary data in the form of panel data obtained from the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the United Nations Commodity Trade (UN Comtrade), and the International Trade Center (ITC). Comparative advantage is measured using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index, and competitive advantage is measured using the Export Competitiveness Index (ECI). The findings reveal that Indonesia holds a stronger comparative advantage in lobster exports compared to Vietnam, with an average RCA value of 25.46 for Indonesia and 13.08 for Vietnam. Similarly, Indonesia demonstrates higher competitive advantage, as indicated by an average ECI value of 3.57 compared to Vietnam's 3.28. However, Indonesia's ECI values have shown fluctuations in recent years, highlighting periods of declining competitive advantage due to export policies and international market conditions. The findings provide policymakers with insights to develop balanced policies that ensure both environmental sustainability and economic growth. Additionally, it highlights the critical need for ongoing, granular analysis of export dynamics, particularly in the context of the Southeast Asian market.

International business education experiences through temporary learning environments: evidence from Atlantic Canada

Purpose International environments introduce a number of learning-related barriers for students endeavoring to understand global business practices. One way in which these obstacles can be addressed is through participation in temporary learning environments (TLEs), such as trade fairs and similar events. This paper aims to examine how international trade missions (ITMs) – a type of short-term, study-abroad experience – were used as TLEs by students at an Atlantic Canada university as part of their EMBA curriculum to gain practical experience in international business environments. Design/methodology/approach This study explores the ways in which students benefitted from participation in the ITMs and resulting TLEs. Accordingly, an online survey that explored export-related issues and learning outcomes was administered to EMBA students who participated in this program to ascertain the ways in which these events furthered their educational experience and how the ITMs enabled them to perceive challenges and strategies related to international market expansion. Findings A survey of ITM participants revealed that students gained insights into firm-level barriers to internationalization in addition to a practical understanding of general challenges in international trade. At the same time, some observations suggested that more emphasis could be placed on pre-trip preparations and post-trip networking. The paper concludes with discussions on how short-term study abroad opportunities can serve as TLEs, in addition to proposing future ways in which the ITMs could provide even more experiences for the students. Originality/value The value-added from this paper is found in two ways. The first is to illustrate how ITMs can be a form of a TLE for students. The second, linked contribution, is to reinforce and to provide further evidence on how the TLEs – a short study-abroad opportunity – can be an environment in which students obtain valuable, hands-on international business experience.

The Stability of the Global Wheat Trade in the Post-Soviet Space: A Trade Duration Approach

The collapse of the Soviet Union and the Iron Wall as well as the emergence of Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine and Romania as major actors on international grain markets since 2000 had increased the hope for a more stable international grain market. However, various short-run trade policy interventions of post-Soviet grain exporting countries during the 2000s and 2010s have caused temporary disruptions in global grain supply chains. Moreover, the growing number of protectionist state interventions and sanctions since the beginning of the 2010s, as well as growing geopolitical tensions, may also fragment global trade and thus threaten the stability of grain trade relations. Against this backdrop and given the current public and political debates about suitable “de-risking strategies” to stabilise international trade, this article aims to explore the stability of the global wheat trade in terms of the duration dependence of trade relations between the major grain exporters and their destinations from 2001 to 2021. We test whether there are differences between the relatively “new” post-Soviet exporters that have emerged and the “old” ones. Furthermore, we examine the correlation between the number of trade partners and the trade duration. We employ a discrete-time hazard model to annual trade data to estimate the baseline hazard and survival rate for eleven major wheat exporting countries. The results indicate that, by having overall duration dependence, no different pattern in trade stability can be identified between “new” and “old” actors, and initial indications suggest that having more trading partners favours the survival of trade relations.

Research on Bilingual Teaching Optimization and Innovation of International Business Negotiation Based on OBE

As China’s influence in the international market grows and the global economic and trade environment becomes increasingly severe, it is urgent to cultivate-level and versatile international business negotiation talents. This paper, based on the OBE (Outcome-Based Education) concept, points out the problems in the bilingual teaching of international business negotiation, such as students’ lack of initiative in learning, the lack of suitable bilingual teaching materials, the disconnection between theory and practice bilingual teaching of international business negotiation, and oversimplified evaluation systems. It also proposes solutions such as bringing front-line personnel into the classroom, the CPBL + ESP model, and the PIP teaching evaluation model, to meet the current market employment needs.

The Role of Internal Marketing of Human Resources in Promoting Innovative Work Behaviors: An analytical Study in Al-Furat General Hospital

The research aims to know the role of internal marketing of human resources as an independent variable with its dimensions (empowerment, internal communication, training and development, incentives and rewards) in enhancing innovative work behavior as a dependent variable, Al-Furat General Hospital was chosen as the study community. Given that the two variables under study have intellectual importance in directing activities related to internal marketing of human resources to enhance the innovative behavior of Fallujah Teaching Hospital cadres in providing health services, the sample required to survey their opinions included (82) opinions out of (86) opinions, and the descriptive analytical approach and questionnaire were adopted as a tool for collecting data. The researcher relied on the program (SPSS V.26, SMART PLS V.4) to analyze the data and test the validity of the hypotheses. The results showed the validity of the relationship at the level of the main and sub-variables under study, which indicates the essential role played by internal marketing in enhancing the innovative behavior of working individuals.