European Scholars Research Articles

Mapping Mobile Journalism in Academia: A Scoping Review

Abstract: Mobile journalism (MoJo) has become an increasingly relevant topic in the evolving landscape of media. This study investigates the interest and involvement of researchers from higher education institutions in Central and Eastern Europe in the field of Mobile Journalism. Utilizing a quantitative approach, the research analyzes the scientific output of these scholars over the past decade (2014–2024), focusing on the frequency of publications indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases related to MoJo. Additionally, a qualitative analysis was conducted on 28 identified articles to explore the main thematic areas addressed by these scholars, offering a comprehensive overview of key topics and trends in the academic literature surrounding MoJo. The findings corroborate the hypothesis that there is a notable lack of published research on mobile journalism by Central and Eastern European scholars, as no relevant articles were discovered from authors affiliated with universities in this region. The thematic categories identified highlight a tendency to focus on the impact of technology on journalism and changes within the industry, indicating significant gaps in other important areas that warrant further exploration. Keywords: mobile journalism, mojo, scoping review, Central Eastern Europe.

The introduction of the concept of anxiety into China: a thematic historical study.

This article presents a thematic historical study on the introduction of "anxiety" to modern China. Based on seminal research conducted previously by European scholars on histories of psychological and psychiatric concepts, this article reviews the itinerary of "anxiety" to China by using multiple types of textual evidence. Alongside a detailed description of how "anxiety" was translated and introduced, a comparison between the notions of "anxiety" in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western psychoanalytic approaches was made. The processes of how "depression" and "anxiety" were introduced to China were also compared. Three types of textual evidence were meticulously analyzed. First, lexicographical works published since the 19th century were examined to trace the initial introduction and observe the standardized translation of "anxiety" in Chinese. Second, newspaper and periodical articles were analyzed to understand how knowledge of "anxiety" was communicated to the general public. Third, the evolution of psychological and psychiatric terminologies was observed through medical books. It was found that "anxiety" was initially translated into various Chinese terms, with "jiaolyu" eventually emerging as the standardized term after 1949. The textual evidence showed that "anxiety" began to be acknowledged as a disease concept in the early 20th century, though it was not formally recognized as a diagnostic category until the late 20th century. This article also highlights the differences between the Western psychoanalytic view on anxiety and the Chinese folk conception of it. It was observed that the introduction processes of depression and anxiety to China were similar, though their conceptual histories in the West showed much difference. The fading of neurasthenia marked a new era of psychiatric development in China, characterized by an enhanced specificity in the classification of mental disorders, which was never observed in the discourse about "xin feng," a corresponding TCM notion of "anxiety." The article also underscores the need for further exploration of corresponding TCM concepts of "anxiety" and the assimilation of Western psychiatric concepts in China.

Evaluating the relationship between knowledge management and green innovation: a systematic literature review

Purpose Managing knowledge is relevant for the innovativeness of an organization. The innovation of the organization currently aligns with the environment and applies green innovation concepts. Knowledge management (KM) is a key to fostering green innovation and to saving the environment from unnecessary pollution. In line with this, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between KM and green innovation in the literature from 2000 to 2023 synthesize and suggest future directions. Design/methodology/approach This study used the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis technique to identify eligible articles. The papers were identified from the Web of Science core collection and ScienceDirect databases. The results were presented using tables, graphs and the co-occurrence of citations was analyzed using VOSviewer software. Findings From the review, the authors were assured that there is a strong relationship between KM practices and green innovation in different organizations. Some papers were supported by different theories. From the total of 48 papers, 16 have not mentioned the theories applied in their studies. The geographical distribution of the papers is asymmetrical. Asian and European scholars published more papers. The papers distribution across publishers also varies. For instance, Elsevier and Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. published 29 papers and the remaining papers were published in BMC, Springer, Frontiers Media Sa, IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc., MDPI, Routledge Journals and Taylor & Francis Ltd. Major themes were identified and future research directions were forwarded. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this review is the authors generated the papers from two databases (WoS and ScienceDirect). This paper does not consider other databases (Scopus, dimensions, etc.) papers. This can be considered as a limitation of this review. Originality/value The review is original by integrating PARISMA and bibliometric analysis method (VOS Viewer). The paper tried to explore the role of KM on green innovation.

What happens when tourism is turned off: Exploring the outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic travel restrictions for Indigenous people in Rarotonga, The Cook Islands

The sea, sand, and sun allure of the Cook Islands has seen tourism become the most significant driver of the country's economic development. However, the increasing reliance on the tourism sector since the 1980's has created a mono-economy at the expense of diversification and alternative economic models. The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the risks and consequences associated with an over- reliance on international tourism as the lockdown measures and international travel restrictions caused the sudden shutdown of international tourism, resulting in serious negative economic consequences for tourism-dependent communities. However, the pandemic also offered an opportunity for small island societies to reflect on pre-existing challenges associated with the tourism industry. Through qualitative semi-structured interviews with Indigenous Cook Islanders in Rarotonga, this study aimed to develop a deeper understanding of how the lived experiences of participants responding to the sudden collapse of tourism may have influenced how Indigenous Cook Islands peoples perceive the role of tourism in supporting the wellbeing of their small island nation. The presented study is the result of a collaborative research partnership between an Indigenous Pacific scholar and non-Indigenous European scholar. While the research adopted a western methodology, the relationships developed between the researchers and participants were guided by the cultural values of reciprocity and respect, which are key principles underpinning Indigenous research in the Pacific. The findings revealed that participants adapted to the adverse impacts of COVID-19 through the revitalization of their traditional socio-economies, the resurgence of customary practices, a strengthened connection to nature, and a renewed sense of community spirit and pride in cultural identity—all of which were perceived to positively impact their spiritual, social, cultural, environmental, physical, and mental wellbeing. By demonstrating the positive adaptive responses of participants, this article aims to emphasize the non-economic dimensions of wellbeing that are critical to supporting the cultural values, social priorities, and the Indigenous ways of life that preceded the development of tourism. These findings can be used to inform and guide international development policy makers and tourism stakeholders who seek to reduce the adverse impacts of tourism on the wellbeing of Indigenous communities in the Pacific.

Effects of Liberal Education on Students' Personality, Critical Thinking, and Leadership Skills: A Conceptual Study

The concept of liberal education emerged in the 19th century when scholars in Europe and the United States recognized that the academic departments of modern universities were overly specialized, leading to a fragmented understanding of knowledge. China is home to several esteemed national universities that offer liberal arts programmes, including Peking University (established in 2007), Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou (established in 2009), and Fudan College at Fudan University in Shanghai (opened in 2012). As the popularity of liberal education continues to grow on a global scale, an increasing number of educational institutions are offering specialised liberal education courses. However, students do not perform as well as they could. The objectives of this research project are the critical thinking, personality and leadership factors and their influence on student performance in liberal education courses.

Solving Investors’ Problems with Access to Evidence in Damages Litigation: Suggestions for a Future Issuer Liability Regime

AbstractPrivate enforcement’s role in the European secondary securities market is narrow. Issuer companies’ civil liability for violations of the inside information disclosure obligation is no exception. While trying to avoid the shadow of the US class action institution, European scholarship has long explored ways to increase the role of private enforcement in the securities market. Harmonising issuer liability is one of the suggestions to create a more prominent role for private enforcement. Even though harmonising issuer liability would be a welcome option for legal certainty and investor protection, it seems unlikely to happen in the near future. As an initial step towards potential harmonisation, this article analyses credit rating agencies’ (CRAs) liability and liability for competition law violations from the viewpoint of information asymmetry in litigation. It evaluates whether the legislative solutions in the CRA III Regulation and the Competition Damages Directive regarding plaintiffs’ access to evidence could be used as models for a potential issuer liability regime. The article finds that the choices made in the Competition Damages Directive could serve as viable models for issuer liability. The provisions in that Directive solve the information asymmetry between the plaintiff and the defendant by granting the plaintiff access to evidence in litigation through a court order.

Place-based resentment in an egalitarian welfare state

A divide between people in rural areas and in cities contributes to the current wave of populist backlash and the realignment of party systems across Western democracies. Does place-based resentment also exist and influence vote choice in an egalitarian welfare state, and if so, what is its basis? Building on the literature of place resentment and social identities, we examine place-based resentment in the Norwegian context. Employing original survey data, we measure rural-urban resentment by comparing the difference in an individual's in-group and out-group sentiment. We find that rural voters are more resentful of urbanites. Despite extensive redistributive public policies, a sense of unfair resource distribution spurs greater rural resentment than a cultural grievance. In response to current debates in the American and West European scholarship, our findings illustrate that rural resentment can develop in contexts where rural voters are not economically marginalized. Rural resentment also explains voting for the center-left agrarian party. Our work demonstrates the importance of place-based social identities in explaining rural political backlash in advanced democracies. Moreover, rural backlash does not always strengthen the populist right.

Research Hotspots, Research Frontiers, and Management Significance: A Bibliometric Analysis and Review of Global Food Waste of Students Research Based on CiteSpace

Reducing food waste in the student population is important for promoting sustainable economic, social, and ecological development. In this paper, with the help of CiteSpace software (versions 6.1.R6 and 6.2.R4), we visually analyze the literature related to the food waste of students in the WoS core collection database. It is found that (1) scholars are paying increasing attention to the field of student food waste research, with the United States being the country with the largest total amount of research in this field, the greatest academic influence, and the most frequent cooperation with other countries. (2) Research in this field can be broadly divided into three phases: the starting period (2000–2010), the exploration period (2011–2015), and the development period (2016–2023). The research on student food waste involves multiple fields of knowledge, such as statistics, behavior, psychology, management, nutrition, etc. It is divided into three research hotspots, namely student food waste quantity measurement, student food waste influencing factors, and student food waste behavioral interventions, as well as three cutting-edge themes, namely student food waste in developing countries, student food waste and dietary intake and nutritional health, and student food waste from the perspective of behavioral science. (3) Scholars from different countries/regions have different research focuses. Research in the United States focuses on the development of student food waste interventions and the investigation of students’ and teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, and barriers to intervention in student populations; European scholars focus on researching this area from a behavioral perspective; developing countries in Asia focus on quantifying the level of food waste among college students and exploring the impact of demographic factors on student food waste; and developed countries in Asia focus on surveys of teachers, dietitians, and other parties to explore the impact of food education on food waste and propose food education interventions based on the recommendations of various parties. Based on the above findings, future research directions are proposed to provide references for subsequent research on food waste among students.

Paul Kretschmer and Hansjorg Frommer About the language and Education of the Illyrians

The European Renaissance brought important developments in science and at the same time in the studies of the language, history and culture of nations. Due to the Ottoman occupation and the geographical position, the language and history of the Albanians for a long time were unknown to German and European scholars in general. For these reasons, the first studies of Europeans focused on the study of Albanians as a separate entity within the empire. Albanians, being part of a region through which empires spread, conquered, strengthened, fought each other, promiscuous, weakened and replaced each other, had been part of the contributions to those developments. Albanians had lost part of their identity and gained at the same time, managing to preserve some distinctive features of the nationality such as language and historical and cultural heritage. An important contribution to the language, history and culture of the Albanians was made by German researchers. German albanologs have made a special contribution to albanology, language, history and culture of Albanians. Among German albanologs, Paul Kretschmer and Hansjorg Frommer are studied. Mainly their studies focus on archaeological finds, old writings, works of ancestors, oral heritage and linguistic, cultural and historical specifics.

Evolution and future directions of banking risk management research: A bibliometric analysis

This bibliometric analysis examines the evolution of academic research on banking risk management over the past four decades. The research maps publication trends, influential works, authorship, geographical distribution, conceptual themes, and future research directions using quantitative analysis of 286 English-language articles from the Scopus database. Since the 1990s, publication output and citations have been on the rise, with peaks in 2012 and 2019, indicating a rise in scholarly interest. The focus of research has expanded beyond credit risk to include operational, liquidity, and other key risks. Governance and culture are also expanding areas of emphasis. Geographic diffusion is revealed by bibliometric mapping, shifting from the early dominance of U.S. and European scholars to the increasing contributions of Asia and other emerging economies. Analysis of frequently occurring keywords illustrates the importance of fundamental risk management concerns. Six conceptual domains are identified by cluster analysis: operational risks, governance, liquidity risks, commercial bank risks, credit risks and performance, and market risk interactions. Based on the bibliometric analysis and research findings, three promising future research directions are proposed: the impact of pandemics and natural disasters on bank risk management; emerging threats such as cybercrime and climate change; and the impact of risk culture and governance on outcomes. AcknowledgmentIt is crucial to recognize everyone who contributed to the success of this study, notably the Ho Chi Minh University of Banking, Vietnam.

Cotton Mather’s Biblical Enlightenment: Critical Interrogations of the Canon and Revisions of the Common Translation in the Biblia Americana (1693–1728)

Abstract While there exists a robust scholarship on the cultural influences and public uses of the Bible in early American history, the historical development of biblical scholarship in America remains relatively understudied. The prevalent view suggests that biblical scholarship in America had its critical awakening with the importation of German Higher Criticism to northeastern divinity schools in the nineteenth century. This essay makes a corrective intervention by looking at Cotton Mather’s unpublished Biblia Americana (1693–1728), the first comprehensive Bible commentary to be authored in British North America. More specifically, the essay examines Mather’s response to critical interrogation of the canon and the Biblia’s numerous revisions of King James translation in light of recent philological scholarship. What connects these two issues is that they both concern the “givenness” of the Bible, which, in Mather’s day, was being fundamentally challenged. Behind the discussions about the canonicity of diverse books and over how to render the Hebrew and Greek texts into modern languages always lurked fundamental questions regarding the divine authority, integrity, and perspicuity of the Bible. Examining a broad range of examples from across the Biblia, the essay demonstrates how Mather’s work defies clear-cut categorization as either precritical or critical. In response to the intellectual currents of the early Enlightenment, Mather pioneered a new type of deeply learned, historically conscious but apologetically-oriented biblical criticism in America. The Biblia clearly reflects the challenges brought on by the deepening historicization of Scripture and the destabilization of texts and meanings through a new type of criticism. More widely read in current European scholarship and in many ways more curious and daring than any other early American exegete, Mather joined the infinitely complex and open-ended quest for better translations. Moreover, he was the first in New England to seriously address hard questions about the canon of the Bible and its historical development. But he always did so with the aim of providing constructive answers to these debates that would ultimately shore up the authority of Scripture, stabilize the scriptural foundation for what Mather regarded as the core of Reformed orthodox theological beliefs, and offer improved interpretations of the biblical texts, which would lend themselves even better to devotion and illuminate for Christians, with the help of the most up-to-date scholarship, the full riches of God’s Word.

Practicing and Patronizing Science in the Republic of Letters: Andreas Dudith’s Radiating Curiosity, Vanity, and Skepticism

Abstract Visible for months, the Great Comet of 1577 attracted worldwide attention, particularly among the scholars of Europe’s Respublica Litteraria, and reflections on it were not limited to the books of scientists like Brahe and Kepler; the Hungarian humanist bishop, politician, and nonprofessional astronomer Andreas Dudith (1533–1589) also published a Short Commentary, a fascinating example of the epistemological changes in scientific discourse and astronomical method that characterized the era. With his zealous advocacy of rational argumentation, insistence on the primacy of ‘the most direct causes’, and caustic criticism of superstition, Dudith was in a complex discussion with the Aristotelian tradition and the theological-astrological explanations of his day, thus helping clear the way for modern scientific thought. As his voluminous correspondence makes clear, he spent the final decades of his life trying to make a professional astronomer of himself, and though his friends in the Respublica helped guide his research, he never mastered the requisite mathematical methods, though remained a patron of science.

Between Empowerment and Surveillance: Forced Migration and Information and Communication Technologies

Amidst a surge in migration from conflict zones across the Middle East and Africa, leading to the arrival of more than a million displaced individuals in Europe, a nascent research field, primarily explored by European scholars, examines how information and communication technologies (ICTs) reshape refugees’ experiences during and after migration. This emerging inquiry explores how ICTs can empower displaced migrants, enhancing their resilience and enabling survival, family connection, adaptation, inclusion, and rights advocacy. Concurrently, recent studies in the area of border and surveillance underscore technology’s pivotal role in shaping security-oriented agendas within migration and mobility regimes across the US, EU, and other nations. This study systematically and critically reviews digital migration literature from 2006 to 2021 with metadata obtained and synthesized from Scopus and Dimensions databases, investigating the interplay between forced migrants’ use of digital technologies to navigate restrictive migration systems and their interaction with surveillance technologies. It seeks to identify the ambivalent positions in digital migration studies and assess migrants’ potential empowerment through ICTs.

A few remarks on the role of Europe and European scholarship in a world of extremes

A few remarks on the role of Europe and European scholarship in a world of extremes

Forgeries, Falsifications, Fictions, Fälschungen?

This article examines—and rejects—the idea that, in the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Europeans who sought to obtain copies of the Vedas were repeatedly duped by having other works (purporting to be Vedas) passed off on them. The focus is on a text entitled “The Essence of the Yajur Veda,” produced by a Pietist missionary, Christoph Theodosius Walther (1699–1741), and a Brahmin identified only as Krishna, published in a German missionary periodical in 1740. This text is examined in the context of a series of similar works produced by Indian intellectuals with, or at the behest of, European missionaries and colonial officials in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Rather than seeing these works as fakes, it is argued here that they are better understood as the outcome of distinctive modes of composition, transmission, and translation of Indian religious literature emerging from the early modern encounter of Indian and European scholars.

Understanding the German criticism of Target

Abstract Does the accumulation of large Target imbalances threaten the viability of the monetary union? Several German and central European scholars have responded in the affirmative: in the case of a disorderly break-up, debtor countries might have an incentive to default on their Target balances, and this would represent a real loss to Target creditors. Most academics have rejected this argument: in their view, a Target default would be only a paper loss to creditors. I propose a simple and unified framework to study the working of the Target system in response to different shocks. I then argue that the German criticism of the Target system is not so unfounded after all, and should be taken seriously. The underlying problem is the co-existence of separate central banks within the Eurozone; if one wants to preserve this feature, no alternative to the current Target system and its problems seems to be realistically available. In particular, comparisons with the Interdistrict Settlement Account of the US Federal Reserve system are misleading.

Social Progress and the Dravidian “Race” in Tamil Social Thought

In the closing decades of the 19th century, a wide range of Tamil authors and public speakers in colonial India became acutely interested in the notion of a Dravidian “race”. This conception of a Dravidian race, rooted in European racial and philological scholarship on the peoples of South India, became an important symbol of Tamil cultural, religious, and social autonomy in colonial and post-colonial Tamil thought, art, politics, and literature. European racial thought depicted Dravidians as a savage race that had been subjugated or displaced by the superior Aryan race in ancient Indic history. Using several key works of colonial scholarship, non-Brahmin Tamil authors reversed and reconfigured this idea to ground their own broad-reaching critiques of Brahmin political and social dominance, Brahmanical Hinduism, and Indian nationalism. Whereas European scholarship largely presented Dravidians as the inferiors of Aryans, non-Brahmin Tamil thinkers argued that the ancient, Dravidian identity of the Tamil people could stand alone without Aryan interference. This symbolic contrast between Dravidian (Tamil, non-Brahmin, South Indian) and Aryan (Sanskritic, Brahmin, North Indian) is a central component of 20th- and 21st-century Tamil public discourse on caste, gender, and cultural autonomy. Tamil authors, speakers, activists, and politicians used and continue to use the symbolic frame of Dravidian racial history to advocate for many different political, cultural, and social causes. While not all of these “Dravidian” discourses are meaningfully politically or socially progressive, the long history of Dravidian-centered, anti-Brahmanical discourse in Tamil South India has helped Tamil Nadu largely rebuff the advances of Hindu nationalist politics, which have become dominant in other cultural regions of present-day India. This piece presents a background on the emergence of the term “Dravidian” in socially critical Tamil thought, as well as its reversal and reconfiguration by Tamil social thinkers, orators, and activists in the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries. The piece begins with a brief history of the terms “Dravidian” and “Aryan” in Western racial thought. The piece then charts the evolution of this discourse in Tamil public thought by discussing several important examples of Tamil social and political movements that incorporate the conceptual poles of “Dravidian” and “Aryan” into their own platforms.

Thinking night studies through a southern European perspective

AbstractTo emphasise the contribution of situated perspectives to the advancement of the field, this review provides a genealogy of night studies across southwestern Europe. This interdisciplinary field of research has significantly developed in English‐speaking scholarly communities, and it has only more recently been growing in importance on southwestern European scholars' research agendas. Usually, they produce research outputs in both English and a Romance language. As a result, intertwined lines of scholarly literature emerge and contribute to the advancement of night studies to different degrees, depending on international readers' proficiency in the employed (Romance) language and (inter)disciplinary interests. To help handle this accessibility issue, this review focuses on what brings night studies together, despite their heterogeneity. That is, the geographical understanding of local night space–times as situated phenomena frequently referred to as nightscape. Accordingly, the review suggests reframing the geographical nightscape as a connective concept to bridge the gaps between multilingual and multidisciplinary research, fostering the interpretation and assemblage of hybrid theoretical frameworks for situated investigations that delve into the diverse and interdependent relations co‐producing local night space–times.

Court Librarian Sebastian Tengnagel’s Persian-Turkish-Latin Dictionary Project and a Turkish Captive’s Multilingualism in 1614

The manuscript Vienna, Cod. A. F. 26, Luġat-i Emīr Ḥüseyin al-Ayāsī is what we today would call a draft copy of a Persian-Turkish-Latin dictionary. The Viennese court librarian Sebastian Tengnagel (d. 1636) had access to a Turkish captive named Dervīş İbrāhīm and let him copy what was sent to Tengnagel by the Leiden librarian Daniel Heinsius (d. 1655), today part of the University Library of Leiden, Cod. Or. 227 and formerly in the possession of Joseph Justus Scaliger (d. 1609) but entitled Luġat-i Niʿmetullāh. In my article, I will take Tengnagel’s dictionary project as a case study to show how the combination of the tradition of Ottoman lexicography, together with the language skills of an Ottoman Turkish captive near Vienna, influenced further known lexicographical works of early modern European scholars.

Two views on a single research object: mixed language code

The purpose of this article was to present the approaches and methods of Ukrainian and European scientists to the research of the interaction of two languages – Ukrainian and Russian in the communication processes between different segments of the society. As a result of close contacts, a mixed code with an uncertain status emerged, which received the figurative name “surzhyk” and was assessed by Ukrainian sociolinguistics as a threat to the development and functioning of the Ukrainian, primarily literary, language. The goal of the study was to analyze how the research object is presented in European science, namely in a scientific project in which Austrian, German and Ukrainian researchers participated (2019 – 2024). The research content was articles on mixed code published in Ukraine and abroad, as well as reports delivered at the seminar “Hybridization from two sides: Ukrainian-Russian and Russian-Ukrainian Code Mixing in the context of the (socio)linguistic situation in southern Ukraine along the Black Sea coast”, which took place in February 2024 in the Alpine-Austrian. University (Klagenfurt, Austria) and the participants of the project with the same name - researchers from the above-mentioned University named after Karl von Ossetsky (Institute of Slavic Studies), as well as Ukrainian and Polish researchers. This article belongs to the comparative and general research, therefore, the methods with which the author worked include the comparative method and the method of induction, which enabled to identify certain trends in the development of scientific thought in specific cases. The methods of analysis and synthesis allowed to analyze the approaches and methods of studying the results of the language mixing, which is Ukrainian-Russian Surzhyk. The analysis of the approaches and methods of analysis, recorded in the works of Ukrainian and Western European scholars - project participants, allowed us to draw conclusions that, when studying surzhyk, researchers have different goals in front of themselves. Ukrainian sociolinguists present it as a negative consequence of the existence of bilingualism on the territory of Ukraine, as a threat to the functioning and development of the Ukrainian language, as a space of interference phenomena in the structure of expressions. German and Austrian participants of the project, considering the historical and cultural development of Ukraine, consider surzhyk as a code that arose as a result of the complex communication interaction of languages and dialects living on the Ukraine’s territory, look for nodes of stabilization in it, single out regional lexifiers that form this code, analyze the systematic signs of the code due to the reduction of the variability of its units. Both groups emphasized the need to regard dialectal influences that allow to discuss different types of surzhyk, consider surzhyk a language of limited use and do not predict its establishing as a third language that ensures communication in society.