European Practice Research Articles

European clinical practice guidelines for the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer (OMEC-4)

IntroductionThe OligoMetastatic Esophagogastric Cancer (OMEC) project aims to provide clinical practice guidelines for the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of esophagogastric oligometastatic disease (OMD). MethodsGuidelines were developed according to AGREE II and GRADE principles. Guidelines were based on a systematic review (OMEC-1), clinical case discussions (OMEC-2), and a Delphi consensus study (OMEC-3) by 49 European expert centers for esophagogastric cancer. OMEC identified patients for whom the term OMD is considered or could be considered. Disease-free interval (DFI) was defined as the time between primary tumor treatment and detection of OMD. ResultsModerate to high quality of evidence was found (i.e. 1 randomized and 4 non-randomized phase II trials) resulting in moderate recommendations. OMD is considered in esophagogastric cancer patients with 1 organ with ≤ 3 metastases or 1 involved extra-regional lymph node station. In addition, OMD continues to be considered in patients with OMD without progression in number of metastases after systemic therapy. 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging is recommended for baseline staging and for restaging after systemic therapy when local treatment is considered. For patients with synchronous OMD or metachronous OMD and a DFI ≤ 2 years, recommended treatment consists of systemic therapy followed by restaging to assess suitability for local treatment. For patients with metachronous OMD and DFI > 2 years, upfront local treatment is additionally recommended. DiscussionThese multidisciplinary European clinical practice guidelines for the uniform definition, diagnosis and treatment of esophagogastric OMD can be used to standardize inclusion criteria in future clinical trials and to reduce variation in treatment.

Water Reuse: A Comprehensive Review

Water scarcity has emerged as a pressing global concern, driven by population growth, urbanization, and climate change. As freshwater resources dwindle, the imperative for water reuse becomes increasingly apparent. Reusing water presents a sustainable solution to mitigate scarcity, offering a way to maximize the efficiency of available resources. This review delves into the multifaceted landscape of water consumption and reuse, aiming to provide a comprehensive analysis and understanding of this critical issue. It explores the diverse implications of unregulated water consumption, spanning from its impacts on household routines to its profound influence on economic activities. Additionally, it scrutinizes the legislative framework surrounding water usage, shedding light on the policies and regulations in place. Furthermore, the review investigates the current status of water reuse practices in Europe, delving into various methods of water recovery. Finally, it examines public perceptions and attitudes toward recycled water, offering insights into the societal outlook on this increasingly vital aspect of water management.

Access to the European cultural heritage of settlements and towns in the Danube macro-region through interoperable strategies digital transformation

Tangible cultural heritage is a strategic resource for the development of rural and urban settlements. Cooperation with stakeholders from EU countries and regions within the Danube macro-region, such as cultural heritage institutions and competent authorities, allows to agree on the preparation and adaptation of compatible digital innovation strategies in local initiative groups in the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine, as well as on impact mapping through a set of pan-European socio-economic indicators. Objectives of the study: to analyse the available European best practices and methodology for adaptation in the integration of the regions of the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine in the interregional innovation partnership on the smart specialisation "Cultural and Creative Regional Ecosystems" (CCRE-S3) [1]. The overall horizontal objective of the integration into the platform should be to add value to the common characteristics of the cultural and creative sector and to create a permanent discovery mechanism that will carry out activities to identify strategic investments and the use of innovation transfer tools. Previous works: previous concept, research and experience are described in the articles [2] and [3]. Approach: European benchmarking, comparative analysis, bibliographic research. Outcome: recommendations aimed at stimulating new ideas and opportunities related to cultural and creative experiences for local communities and residents by involving several groups of professions that use, apply and implement new technologies in the cultural and creative industries sector. The European Programmes provide resources to support their implementation. In this way, the Danube Strategy participating States [4], by supporting partnerships between the cultural heritage sector and other sectors such as higher education and vocational education and training, creative industries and sustainable cultural tourism, will be able to stimulate innovation for new services and applications in their regions.

Machine Learning Classifier for Supporting Generator’s Impedance-Based Relay Protection Functions

Transient stability of the electric power system still heavily rests on a timely and correct operation of the relay protection of individual power generators. Power swings and generator pole slips, following network short-circuit events, can initiate false relay activations, with negative repercussions for the overall system stability. This paper will examine the generator’s underimpedance (21G) and out-of-step (78) protection functions and will propose a machine learning based classifier for supporting and reinforcing their decision-making logic. The classifier, based on a support vector machine, will aid in blocking the underimpedance protection during stable generator swings. It will also enable faster tripping of the out-of-step protection for unstable generator swings. Both protection functions will feature polygonal protection characteristics. Their implementation will be based on European practice and IEC standards. Classifier will be trained and tested on the data derived from simulations of the IEEE New England 10-generator benchmark power system.

TOWARDS DRAFTING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) LEGISLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA

Artificial Intelligence also abbreviated as “AI” has been the subject of much legal debate and legal writing. This article seeks to identify internationally accepted AI principles and norms that are contained in the South African Constitution. This article also seeks to identify policy such as the PC4IR Report and legislation that regulates and accommodates the use of AI in South Africa. What emerges clearly is that there has never been a deliberate attempt to legislate AI, and that the legislation referred to is applicable by coincidence not intention. The article goes on to highlight African and BRICS policies and best practices on AI, European best practices and legal norms and values on AI, and the draft EU AI Act. The article concludes with a recommendation that South Africa introduce AI legislation as a matter of urgency.

European Union politicians debating European language education policy

The European Union’s (EU) high regard for multilingualism and linguistic diversity is expressed through its language education policy (LEP), a policy adopted by the European Parliament, which represents all EU member states. However, as education falls within the remit of the member states, EU LEP has an advisory function only. Support for the LEP at national level is thus crucial. By analysing a significant parliamentary discussion by Members of the European Parliament (MEPs), this article asks what evidence there is that MEPs support the EU’s goals of learning the mother tongue plus two foreign languages (1+2), and of learning a diversity of languages at school. Secondly, the article investigates current evidence of the success of EU LEP in terms of developing dual language capacities, and of maintaining diversity in language learning. Figures on the learning of two languages, on the learning of English, and on linguistic diversity are compared, covering the last decade. The results reveal that although the training of dual linguists has stagnated, no MEP expressed concerns that the EU goals of 1+2 are not being met. MEPs are, however, concerned with protecting ‘their’ national languages, and the smaller ‘their’ own language(s), the more so. Furthermore, only representatives of large EU languages express concern over English dominance in the EU’s education systems. Thus, parliamentary representatives of smaller languages unite in solidarity for greater status recognition of their language, while MEPs’ support for the EU LEP goal of 1+2 is at best patchy. The article concludes that, given the limited remit of EU LEP, discrepancies between European recommendations and national practices are somewhat inevitable, and that to improve on the 1+2 goal and counter English dominance across education systems in the EU, member states need to be better supported to appreciate and disseminate the rationales for dual language learning (1+2) and diversity in language learning.

Strict Liability in the Principles of European Tort Law: The Black Hole and Central Building Site

Abstract The rule on strict liability is regarded by many specialists as the central building site of the Principles of European Tort Law (PETL). The following contribution first gives a brief overview of the current state of the law in Europe regarding this area, which is of enormous importance in European practice. It then presents rationales for the introduction of strict liability with a precise proposal for a rule restating the current state of the law from a European-wide perspective, while, at the same time, allowing the courts sufficient flexibility in reaching a decision in individual cases.

Querying ‘Global’ Music History: Significant Geographies between Goswami Pannalal and Queen Victoria

Abstract Global music history projects have become increasingly popular in recent years. Going global has its advantages: it develops conversations between researchers working on disparate regions; it sheds light on larger frameworks that are less evident on smaller scales of analysis; it decentres how we teach music history; and it retraces a global hinterland for music systems that have conventionally been called ‘Western’. At the same time, the global history approach raises challenges for researchers working on the world beyond Europe. In particular, there is the danger of unintentionally reinstating Eurocentrism, either by uncritically exporting research questions based on the European experience to the wider world, or by narrowing our focus onto those musicians and scholars who engaged with European ideas and practices, especially in colonial settings. This work is valuable, but it also comes with risks. This essay considers these problems through a case study: a largely forgotten music scholar, Goswami Pannalal, who travelled and taught across north India in the late nineteenth century. Examining his musicological study in Hindi, the Nād Binod (‘Sonic Delight’, 1896), I consider how far asking ‘global’ questions might shed light on his work, and offer an alternative reading based on a ‘significant geographies’ approach.

Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors for anaemia in chronic kidney disease: a clinical practice document by the European Renal Best Practice board of the European Renal Association.

Anaemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with poor long-term outcomes and quality of life. The use of supplemental iron, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and blood transfusions has been the mainstay for treatment of anaemia in CKD for more than 3decades. Despite available treatments, CKD patients with anaemia are undertreated and moderate-severe anaemia remains prevalent in the CKD population. Anaemia has consistently been associated with greater mortality, hospitalization, cardiovascular events and CKD progression in CKD patients, and the risk increases with anaemia severity. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase (PH) inhibitors have a novel mechanism of action by mimicking the body's response to hypoxia and have emerged as an alternative to ESAs for treatment of anaemia in CKD. Their efficacy in correcting and maintaining haemoglobin has been demonstrated in >30 phase 3 clinical trials. Additionally, HIF activation results in various pleiotropic effects beyond erythropoiesis, with cholesterol reduction and improved iron homeostasis and potential anti-inflammatory effects. The long-term safety of these agents, particularly with respect to cardiovascular and thromboembolic events, and their possible effect on tumour growth needs to be fully elucidated. This article presents in detail the effects of HIF-PH inhibitors, describes their mechanisms of action and pharmacologic properties and discusses their place in the treatment of anaemia in CKD according to the available evidence.

Pharmacists combating antimicrobial resistance: A Delphi study on antibiotic dispensing

BackgroundThe daily work of community pharmacists includes dispensing antibiotics, but little is known about how this should be done to ensure quality use of antibiotics. ObjectiveTo define specific tasks of the community pharmacist when dispensing antibiotics and to assess to what extent these tasks can be implemented in practice in Europe. MethodsA Delphi study with community pharmacist experts in the European Economic Area. Statements on potential tasks for pharmacists during the antibiotic dispensing process were based on a systematic literature review. Participants rated the statements for importance and feasibility of implementation in practice in 3 rounds on a scale from 1 to 9. Consensus of importance was defined as ≥ 80 % of experts rating a statement between 7 and 9. An online expert meeting was conducted between rounds 1 and 2. Scores for all statements were analysed descriptively. ResultsOverall, 38 experts from 21 countries participated in the study. Experts reached consensus on 108 statements within 5 themes: 1) collaboration with prescribers, 2) checking prescriptions and dispensing, 3) counselling, 4) education, and 5) pharmacy services. Potential tasks included advising and collaborating with prescribers, performing safety checks, and having access to specific prescription information. Additionally, pharmacists should counsel patients related to the dispensed antibiotic and on antimicrobial resistance and infectious diseases. With few exceptions, pharmacists should not dispense antibiotics without prescriptions or prescribe antibiotics. Consensus on feasibility of implementation was only reached for statements in the categories “counselling patients” and “education”. Barriers to changing practice included structure of the healthcare system, resistance to change from prescribers or pharmacy staff, lack of time and finances, legal barriers, and patient expectations. ConclusionCommunity pharmacists have an important role when dispensing antibiotics. This study provides important steps towards better community pharmacy antibiotic dispensing practices throughout the EEA.

The grey side of procurement: Measuring the prevalence of questionable purchasing practices

Buyer-supplier relationships may be exposed to ethically questionable purchasing practices. This can have major financial and reputational consequences for individuals and organisations. Various studies have assessed procurement professionals' ethical judgements regarding questionable purchasing practices and a handful have estimated the prevalence of these practices. The insights from these studies, however, cannot be straightforwardly extrapolated to today's practice. First, the studies have mostly estimated prevalence without controlling for social desirability bias. The estimation of the prevalence of questionable practices based on subjects' responses is non-trivial, as it may be prone to socially desirable response behaviour. Second, most of the studies were conducted decades ago and the role of the purchasing function has changed significantly ever since. Based on these observations, the present study makes two main contributions to the literature. First, it methodologically extends extant studies by estimating the prevalence of questionable purchasing practices in Europe while controlling for social desirability bias. Specifically, the present study applies the recently developed Extended Crosswise Model to test for socially desirable answers and presents these prevalence estimates in comparison to estimates obtained via a direct questioning technique. The findings highlight the ongoing prevalence of unethical practices in buyer-supplier relationships and the need for organisations to be vigilant in addressing them. Post-hoc analyses indicate that gender, work experience, perceived levels of public sector corruption, and governmental procurement agreements affect the involvement in questionable purchasing practices. Second, the present study examines how earlier and newly identified questionable practices are perceived in the current business environment. The results suggest that ethical perceptions have changed and that most unethical practices are observed in supplier selection. From a theoretical perspective, the present study responds to both the call to further investigate ethical issues in supply chains (Quarshie et al., 2016) and the call to address social desirability bias in purchasing and supply management research (Ried et al., 2022). From a managerial perspective, our research can serve as a starting point for organisations to develop strategies to mitigate their impact and promote ethical behaviour throughout the purchasing process.

EU experience in the digital transformation of administrative services

The EU’s experience in the digital transformation of administrative services is important because it demonstrates effective approaches to increasing transparency and efficiency of public administration. Studying European practices helps improve digital services in other countries seeking to modernise their administrative systems, including Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to analyse and summarise the EU experience in implementing digital technologies in the field of administration, highlighting successful practices, challenges and opportunities for further development. The case study method, which examines particular instances of successful implementation of digital projects in the field of administrative services in various EU countries, highlighting success factors and challenges, and general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis are used in the research methodology. Such a comprehensive study can be an important contribution to understanding the processes of digital transformation in the administrative sector. Based on the results, the following recommendations are made for the use of the EU experience in Ukraine. Expanding administrative service delivery in Ukraine with the support of the European Union may include a number of initiatives and measures aimed at modernising and effectively using digital technologies. The main areas of EU support for the modernisation and effective use of digital technologies in Ukraine include the following: development of e-governance; development of a network of administrative service centers; further development of electronic identification; improvement of digital literacy; cooperation with European partners. In 2024, administrative services are viewed from the perspective of establishing communication between the government and society, where a number of factors are key to success, including the number of requests, the format of requests, response time, relevance, etc. These initiatives are aimed at improving the quality and accessibility of administrative services in Ukraine with the support of the EU and can contribute to improving the efficiency of public administration and meeting the needs of citizens and businesses. The practical value of this study is the possibility of improving public administration in Ukraine through the introduction of effective digital technologies and improving the quality of administrative services based on the EU experience. This will also help to increase the digital literacy of the population, strengthen cooperation with the EU, and create more convenient services for citizens and businesses, which will improve the economic climate in the country

Concrete as an eco-factor for climate change stabilization

The "Strategy for the development of the construction industry until 2030 and for the future until 2035" developed by the Ministry of Construction of Russia indicates that one of the goals of construction development for this future is to "reduce the carbon footprint from the impact of the construction industry on the environment. The article analyzes the factors that allow the main building material - concrete to make a significant contribution to reducing the carbon footprint in relation to the environment. Examples of European practices in solving this problem are given, the need for appropriate research work is indicated regarding the assessment of the impact of cement and concrete production on increasing the carbon footprint, the development of methods to solve this problem and taking this factor into account for practical needs.

The safety of a low-protein diet in older adults with advanced chronic kidney disease.

A low-protein diet (LPD) is recommended to patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), whereas geriatric guidelines recommend a higher amount of protein. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of LPD treatment in older adults with advanced CKD. The EQUAL study is a prospective, observational study including patients ≥65years of age with an incident estimated glomerular filtration rate <20ml/min/1.73m2 in six European countries with follow-up through 6years. Nutritional status was assessed by a 7-point subjective global assessment (SGA) every 3-6months. Prescribed diet (g protein/kg of bodyweight) was recorded on every study visit; measured protein intake was available in three countries. Time to death and decline in nutritional status (SGA decrease of ≥2points) were analysed using marginal structural models with dynamic inverse probability of treatment and censoring weights. Of 1738 adults (631 prescribed LPD at any point during follow-up), there were 1319 with repeated SGA measurements, of which 267 (20%) decreased in SGA ≥2points and 565 (32.5%) who died. There was no difference in survival or decrease in nutritional status for patients prescribed a LPD ≤0.8g/kg ideal bodyweight {odds ratio [OR] for mortality 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86-1.55)] and OR for decrease in SGA 1.11 [95% CI 0.74-1.66]} in the adjusted models. In patients prescribed a LPD <0.6g/kg ideal bodyweight, the results were similar. There was a significant interaction with LPD and older age >75years, lower SGA and higher comorbidity burden for both mortality and nutritional status decline. In older adults with CKD approaching end-stage kidney disease, a traditional LPD prescribed and monitored according to routine clinical practice in Europe appears to be safe.

Features and significance of the qualification of criminal offenses of illegal cutting of trees and shrubs, as well as destruction and damage to forests

The purpose of the research is to analyze the theory of prosecution for illegal cutting of trees and bushes, de-struction, damage to forests in accordance with Articles 340, 341 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan and focus on its practice, consider the main issues of prosecution for these criminal offenses, identify the main barriers to prosecution and give the necessary legislative proposals for its implementation improvement. The Article discusses the importance of preventing illegal cutting of trees and shrubs, destruc-tion, and damage to forests, as well as considering criminal liability for these acts. At the same time, having dwelled on the current state of qualification of these criminal offenses, points were identified that should be considered during the investigation and judicial review of these criminal offenses, and relevant legislative proposals were considered. The relevant norms of the Forest Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, containing requirements related to the protection of trees and shrubs, as well as the features of bringing to criminal liabil-ity for illegal cutting of trees and bushes, destruction, damage to forests, provided for in Articles 340, 341 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, are analyzed. A comparative legal analysis of the legisla-tion of the countries of Germany and Hungary was also carried out to determine the European practice of rec-ognizing “forests” as a unique natural resource. In addition, an analysis of judicial practice on criminal of-fenses related to illegal cutting of trees and bushes, as well as destruction and damage to forests, and the regu-latory ruling of the Supreme Court related to the application of Articles 340, 341 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan was carried out.

European practices on antithrombotic management during percutaneous mechanical circulatory support in adults: a survey of the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care of the ESC and the European branch of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization.

Bleeding and thrombotic complications compromise outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous mechanical circulatory support (pMCS) with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) and/or microaxial flow pumps like Impella™. Antithrombotic practices are an important determinant of the coagulopathic risk, but standardization in the antithrombotic management during pMCS is lacking. This survey outlines European practices in antithrombotic management in adults on pMCS, making an initial effort to standardize practices, inform future trials, and enhance outcomes. This online cross-sectional survey was distributed through digital newsletters and social media platforms by the Association of Acute Cardiovascular Care and the European branch of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. The survey was available from 17 April 2023 to 23 May 2023. The target population were European clinicians involved in care for adults on pMCS. We included 105 responses from 26 European countries. Notably, 72.4% of the respondents adhered to locally established anticoagulation protocols, with unfractionated heparin (UFH) being the predominant anticoagulant (Impella™: 97.0% and V-A ECMO: 96.1%). A minority of the respondents, 10.8 and 14.5%, respectively, utilized the anti-factor-Xa assay in parallel with activated partial thromboplastin time for UFH monitoring during Impella™ and V-A ECMO support. Anticoagulant targets varied across institutions. Following acute coronary syndrome without percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), 54.0 and 42.7% were administered dual antiplatelet therapy during Impella™ and V-A ECMO support, increasing to 93.7 and 84.0% after PCI. Substantial heterogeneity in antithrombotic practices emerged from participants' responses, potentially contributing to variable device-associated bleeding and thrombotic complications.

STRATEGY AND IMPORTANCE OF DEPOSIT INSURANCE SYSTEM IN GEORGIA

Georgia is a country that has chosen the path of development of European integration and, taking into account European practice and experience, introduced a deposit insurance system in the country at the cost of certain risks. From the point of view of socio-economic development in Georgia, the introduction of the deposit insurance system and its complete formation was related to the strengthening of the financial security system, the protection of depositors and the prevention of systemic crisis in the banking sector.&#x0D; The main goal of the paper is to study and analyze the strategy and importance of the deposit insurance system in Georgia and its economic and financial effects, both for the country and for the wide circle of users interested in this system. However, the problem lies in the fact that, despite the sharing of theoretical and practical experiences of various countries of the world, the mentioned issues still require refinement and formation as a final result.

Can a color be a trademark?

The publication updates the issue of intellectual property of colors and highlights the main changes regarding non-traditional trademarks that have taken place in the world in recent years. The article examines the American, European, and Ukrainian practice of registering colors as non- traditional signs and analyzes the conditions of intellectual property protection in the era of the post-industrial digital society. It is noted that today many companies consider one or more colors to be characteristic features of their brands and seek to protect them from appropriation. And it is not surprising. Marketing methods evolve and keep up with the times. All professional marketers know the influence colors have on people and actively use them [1, p. 4]. They are increasingly playing with clip thinking and the cognitive functions of the human brain. Color is the first thing that the consumer pays attention to. His initial judgments are based on this characteristic. Only then does he see the form and content of the product. Even after a detailed study of the product, the consumer will be actively influenced by the color, because for many, the color of the package is an indicator of quality. In the 21st century, every company tries to create such associations with its brand that are better remembered and emphasize its uniqueness and excellence in the conditions of the information society. The practice of «appropriating» colors is closely related to the struggle of brands for recognition among their target audience and attracting new ones. Obtaining protection for such a specific trademark under trademark law is not easy. De jure, a trademark in the form of a single color or a combination of colors is possible. However, there is still little guidance on the requirements for valid color stamps. That is why there are special difficulties in sufficiently accurate display of such signs.&#x0D; The work includes an overview of the main provisions of international legal acts: the Paris Convention on the Protection of Industrial Property Rights, Regulation (EU) No. 2017/1001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 14, 2017, on the European Union trademark, the Langham Act (the US Trademark Act ), etc. Several international precedents are also examined: from Owens Corning defending its shade of pink in 1985 to Nestle's battle against Cadbury over a variant of purple. The article notes what criteria must be met by non-traditional trademarks and how Western countries fight the monopolization of colors.

Pogimdyminės depresijos gydymas neurosteroidais

Neurosteroids, such as allopregnanolone, are primarily synthesized substances in the central nervous system which influence processes occurring in the brain. Fluctuations in the levels of neurosteroids can result in an increased anxiety and heightened sensitivity. Significant reduction in neurosteroid synthesis usually occurs during the perimenstrual and postpartum periods when very low levels of progesterone are observed. It is believed that a lack of neurosteroids in the body is one of the main causes of postpartum depression. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a form of depression which develops in women during the postnatal period. Clinical studies have been conducted, and the results indicate that Brexanolone (a water-soluble formulation of allopregnanolone) is effective in treating postpartum depression. Based on the evaluation of the HAMD-17 depression scale, women with PGD who received injectable neurosteroid doses achieved remission from postpartum depression more effectively and quickly than those in the placebo group. Subsequent studies were also conducted with the tablet form of neurosteroids (Zuranolone), and the results similarly showed favorable outcomes for postpartum depression. Additionally, during treatment with both injectable and tablet forms of neurosteroids, there were relatively few and non-threatening side effects for patients. This suggests that the benefits of neurosteroids in treating PPD may outweigh the potential harm and should possibly be considered and incorporated into the European psychiatric practice.

MONITORING THE PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY OF CUSTOMS CONTROL IN UKRAINE

Topicality. Ukraine is integrating into the global economic space and is an active participant in regional cooperation. This requires the abolition of certain restrictions on the free movement of goods. Customs control has a special place in this process. Advanced forms and methods of customs control, as well as measures to increase their performance and efficiency, ensure timely detection, prevention, disclosure and termination of offenses, as well as additional receipt of customs payments to the budget with the gradual introduction of European customs norms into the practice of our state.Aim and tasks. To analyze the performance and efficiency of customs control in Ukraine in order to substantiate the vectors for their further improvement.Materials and methods. Legislative and normative documentation, statistical data of the State Customs Service of Ukraine, legislative acts of the state authorities of Ukraine were used in the research process. General scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, methods of generalization, analysis and synthesis, observation, comparison, grouping are applied - in the study of the categorical and conceptual apparatus of customs control, assessment of the performance and efficiency of control measures in the customs sphere.Research results. The choice of forms and methods of customs control depends on the goals set by the customs authorities for the management of customs risks from the implementation of foreign economic activities. Customs control can be effective, but not effective, if resources disproportionate to the achieved effect were spent to achieve the goals. The analysis of the customs audit in Ukraine proved that the main violations of the customs legislation related to the illegal receipt of tax benefits, violation of the requirements of the rules for the classification of goods in accordance with the UCT of the Foreign Trade and unreliable declaration of the customs value of goods. Today, due to the state of war, the emphasis in the work has been shifted to the organization of explanatory work by the customs, the provision of consultations on the practical application of certain norms of legislation on customs matters, and the conduct of a campaign of voluntary payment to the budget of customs payments in connection with the established signs of violation of the customs legislation. In most foreign practices, the customs audit is carried out by conducting a post-audit. This results in speeding up customs formalities and simplifying customs procedures, maintaining a balance between promoting international trade and effective customs control. On the basis of the analysis of the efficiency of the work of regional customs, the problems of their functioning have been identified according to a number of indicators, which indicates the need to focus on these areas during customs control.Conclusion. Prospective directions for increasing the performance and efficiency of customs control in Ukraine are:- increasing the effectiveness of customs audit and post-customs control;- increasing the effectiveness of control over the legality of the application of exemptions from payment of customs payments and the use of goods for their final destination, which will contribute to the increase of customs payments to the State Budget;- introduction of European practices in the field of customs control in Ukraine by building modern, flexible, reliable, service-oriented information and communication systems.Single indicators of performance and efficiency of customs control, which will be coordinated with the customs legislation of the EU member states, are required for further development and publication. They should reflect not only the quantitative indicators of additional revenues of customs payments to the budget, but also indirectly take into account the quality of changes taking place in the customs administration, due to the growth of international trade volumes, the activation of foreign economic activity.