European Point Of View Research Articles

The Foreign Direct Investment Regulations: A European Legal Point of View

The Foreign Direct Investment Regulations: A European Legal Point of View

The European viewpoint

The European viewpoint

Philip Schaff and Sectarianism: The Americanization of a European Viewpoint

Philip Schaff and Sectarianism: The Americanization of a European Viewpoint Get access Henry Warner Bowden Henry Warner Bowden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Church and State, Volume 8, Issue 1, Winter 1966, Pages 97–106, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/8.1.97 Published: 01 January 1966

Hi-fi philosophy from a European point of view

The paper deals with popularizing hi-fi listening facilities in Europe which, due to a difference in broadcasting practice is easier over there than in the United States. These differences are analyzed and the conclusion of the writer is that a large contingent of hi-fi listeners in Europe could be created by improving the reproduction quality of fm radio sets without increasing the cost too much. As a distortion limit for this purpose a figure of 1 per cent is chosen, while the output power should be near the 10-watt figure. To realize these properties a special circuit has been designed viz., a single-ended push-pull output stage with combined positive and negative feedback. A loudspeaker with a voice coil impedance of 800 ohms is being used, making an output transformer superfluous. This direct coupling is one of the necessities to get a cheap but very good setup. Further, the so-called 3D system and means for getting rid of the keyhole effect are discussed.

Paper Cable Saturants: European Preferences and Selection

A significant and interesting difference between American and European practice in the manufacture of mass-impregnated paper-insulated cables for low and medium voltage is that, while in Europe oil-rosin compounds are widely used as the saturant, in the United States straight oils or hydrocarbon blends with oils find the widest application, and rosin compounds are not favored. The author considers this difference in techniques to be of sufficient interest to warrant investigation, and the European viewpoint supporting the use of oil and rosin blends is presented in this paper. In recent years wax-bearing compounds have been developed for the mass impregnation of cables required to be nondraining in service. These cables are finding ever-increasing markets for voltages up to 11 kv. Oilostatic cables, which are favored in the United States, are not widely used in Europe for operation at the higher voltages, for which hollow-core or gas pressure designs are preferred. The characteristics of oils for these applications are discussed. Much of the material supports and corroborates the work of previous investigators (see the list of references).

Some notes on the influence of religion on economics in a Tikar subtribe, West‐Africa

SYNOPSIS The author is interested in the relation which exists between the cultural main‐factors: religion; economics, social organization and starts with some information on what has been done in this connection, then restricts herself to her own investigations of 1938 and 1939 on the Nsei, in the Bamenda Province of the British Cameroons still living under old traditional conditions. The economics of this tribe are mostly self‐supporting. Money is only earned to lobola wives, as many as possible in order to fulfil best the demands of their ancestral religion by producing many descendants. From the European point of view a wife yields no interest as none of the products of her labour is used to increase the wealth of the family or for a higher standard of living. This earning of money only for lobolo purposes effects a special rhythm in the labour of men. Several stages are distinguished showing that their manual labour not being directly connected with their family life decreases already in the prime of their life. Then the labour rhythm for each individual is religiously shaped as also are their economical institutions. As farming is done by women their number regulates the amount of land alloted to a family. In fact, quite a number of fields remain untilled as no fields are cultivated for economic purposes. When the cleaning of the fields or harvesting has to be done men drop all their craft work, trade, etc., for it is their main‐interest to insure enough food for their families. As descendants are the centre and aim in the life of both sexes, men and women have an equal share of labour and responsibility. These conclusions are supported by exact observations given in the form of tables including a survey of men's occupations in crafts, trade, etc.; a description of trade and its profit; of goods transported to the coast and profits of sale (examples); weekly occupations and the profit on labour in crafts (examples). These tables show what little interest the men have in crafts and in trade. A special example shows to what extent farming is done by, and alloted to, a typical polygynous family. Tables are given on: the type; amount; profits of crops grown ; on house‐building (expense of labour, feasts); on division of labour between the sexes. An additional note is given on the relation of religion and sociology as well as on sociology and economics.

The United Nations from a European Point of View

The United Nations from a European Point of View

Economic Geography of South America

SOUTH AMERICA offers great scope for economic development from the European point of view. Too much that is written about that continent has a commercial bias or a political colouring. Thus a purely objective study has much value to students. The present volume is nominally a second edition, but in reality is largely a new book. The survey has been done with much care, with due emphasis on the physical and climatic background, which explains much of the economic geography of the South American republics. Most of them are exporters of raw materials and food and importers of manufactured goods, and thus are of great importance to industrialized lancls. Lack of population and undeveloped power resources so far restrict manufacturing activity, but even this is tending to develop, and in time to come South America may be more self-contained than at present.

Psychiatry and Criminal Law

I ask my readers for their indulgence for my lack of familiarity with many American laws, procedures and institutions. Although I shall deal primarily with the European methods of combatting the enemies of society, it is likely that the difference between European and American points of view on this subject may not be too divergent. In the relations between psychiatry and criminal law the psychiatrist always faces a very difficult situation: it is a common prejudice that the psychiatrist tries to save as many criminals as possible from punishment. Even in 1896 the high court of New York declared: It is generally safer to take the judgment of unskilled jurors than the opinion of hired and generally biased experts. Though in this audience this erroneous and dan-

The History and Epidemiology of Syphilis.

This small but important book consists of three chapters of equal length, owing to the fact that it consists of three lectures given by the author under the Adolph Gehrmann fund. The first lecture, on the beginning of syphilis, takes up the old argument as to the place of origin of the disease as considered from the European point of view. So convincing, apparently incontrovertible, is the evidence presented by Dr. Pusey that the old argument seems to be settled. Syphilis was imported into Europe from the West Indies by the members of Columbus's first expedition. It is an intensely interesting story. The quotation from the writing of Dias de Isla, a noted physician contemporary to Columbus, stating that "this serpentine disease" afflicting the sailors of Columbus was entirely unfamiliar to him and his colleagues, is a high point in this part of the story. A number of the oldest

The History and Epidemiology of Syphilis.

This small but important book consists of three chapters of equal length, owing to the fact that it consists of three lectures given by the author under the Adolph Gehrmann fund. The first lecture, on the beginning of syphilis, takes up the old argument as to the place of origin of the disease as considered from the European point of view. So convincing, apparently incontrovertible, is the evidence presented by Dr. Pusey that the old argument seems to be settled. Syphilis was imported into Europe from the West Indies by the members of Columbus's first expedition. It is an intensely interesting story. The quotation from the writing of Dias de Isla, a noted physician contemporary to Columbus, stating that "this serpentine disease" afflicting the sailors of Columbus was entirely unfamiliar to him and his colleagues, is a high point in this part of the story. A number of the oldest

The European Viewpoint in Sociology

The European Viewpoint in Sociology

The Kansu Marches of Tibet

country is mineral. Nickel is the most important metal, and that is being developed to a very large extent. Almost every hillside in the serpentine districts is scarred by surface mines of nickel, and in a few places there are chromium mines; the smaller hillsides are also scarred by the remains of cobalt-mines. Cobalt up to a few years ago was very much exploited in rather a curious way. A great proportion of the cobalt which reached civilized countries had been mined by convicts who had escaped into the wild interior districts of the island. Cobalt mining is a one-man job. One can take pick and shovel and dig cobalt, wash it in a stream, bring it down to the coast and trade it against money or provisions. Very frequently, of course, a trader, after having received the cobalt was tempted by the thirty francs offered by the Government for each escaped convict who was captured. The trader used to hire a number of lusty natives at a franc a head to come and knock the convict over. They knocked him over and got their franc each, and the trader got the cobalt and the balance of the thirty francs. Cobalt is now very much less mined than it was, for the recently discovered argentiferous cobalt ore is not only more rich than Caledonian cobalt, but also contains a quantity of silver which is valuable as a by-product. As to the agricultural prospects, the country is very arid and needs extensive fertilization and irrigation; one cannot produce there good crops of any kind without those expensive processes. As to forestry, there are a great number of big and valuable trees, but they grow mostly on country which is so exceedingly precipitous-the hillsides are often practically at the angle of rest-that exploiting these forests is a matter of difficulty. They are being exploited, yet it is not at a great profit. On the whole the mineral wealth of the country is by far the most important, and I think there is a great future for the country in that direction from the European point of view. I must thank the Master of Downing and Dr. Rendle for the kind words they have spoken, and for their interesting remarks on the botany of the country. It was the Botany of New Caledonia which first attracted me, and I think I had the ambition to go there three years before I actually went. It was very largely owing to the kind offices of the Master of Downing, Prof. Seward, that the money was got together which enabled Mr. Montague and myself to go to New Caledonia. I have not mentioned Mr. Montague so much as I should have. We lived and worked together for about nine months in all, and I found him a most able and trusty companion.

The Central American Question from a European Point of View

Oceans have ever been the chief theater of universal history. The terrestrial sphere known to antiquity lay around the Mediterranean which, as its name indicates, was destined to remain the center of events, until the famous sea-heroes, impelled by a desire to explore, undertook bold voyages to distant, unknown regions, and Christopher Columbus finally discovered the Western Hemisphere, bringing it in contact with the considerations, hopes, needs of expansion and, last but not least, also, fears of Europe.

Misuse of Coal

NATURE of March 20, containing a most interesting communication by Prof. John Perry on the “Misuse of Coal,” has reached me lately. Surely Prof. Perry takes an insular view of the matter. Like so many Englishmen, alas ! he knows not the forest ! The greater portion of the world cooks its food and makes itself comfortable on wood fuel, and though all the forests in the world would, according to European ideas, be inadequate to supply by their growth the present expenditure of coal (their fossilised remains), to overlook altogether the sun power which we can fix by growing wood fuel is surely, from even a European point of view, an oversight. Helmholtz compared the number of thermal units received by an acre of land in Germany during a year with the number of thermal units produced by burning the vegetable matter elaborated during a year. His calculation was that only the 1/1477th part of the sun's heat was thus rendered available.

On Emmigration from the European Point of View

On Emmigration from the European Point of View