European Ones Research Articles

Variation of subclinical psychosis as a function of population density across different European settings: Findings from the multi-national EU-GEI study.

Urbanicity is a well-established risk factor for psychosis. Our recent multi-national study found an association between urbanicity and clinical psychosis in Northern Europe but not in Southern Europe. In this study, we hypothesized that the effect of current urbanicity on variation of schizotypy would be greater in North-western Europe countries than in Southern Europe ones. We recruited 1080 individuals representative of the populations aged 18-64 of 14 different sites within 5 countries, classified as either North-western Europe (England, France, and The Netherlands) with Southern Europe (Spain and Italy). Our main outcome was schizotypy, assessed through the Structured Interview for Schizotypy-Revised. Our main exposure was current urbanicity, operationalized as local population density. A priori confounders were age, sex, ethnic minority status, childhood maltreatment, and social capital. Schizotypy variation was assessed using multi-level regression analysis. To test the differential effect of urbanicity between North-western and Southern European, we added an interaction term between population density and region of recruitment. Population density was associated with schizotypy (β = 0.248,95%CI = 0.122-0.375;p < 0.001). The addition of the interaction term improved the model fit (likelihood test ratio:χ2 = 6.85; p = 0.009). The effect of urbanicity on schizotypy was substantially stronger in North-western Europe (β = 0.620,95%CI = 0.362-0.877;p < 0.001) compared with Southern Europe (β = 0.190,95%CI = 0.083-0.297;p = 0.001). The association between urbanicity and both subclinical schizotypy and clinical psychosis, rather than being universal, is context-specific. Considering that urbanization is a rapid and global process, further research is needed to disentangle the specific factors underlying this relationship.

Sublating Humanism

Chinese humanism developed distinctly from European humanist discourses, reflecting unique cultural and philosophical traditions. Analysing these differences can enhance our understanding of both the specific characteristics of Chinese humanism and the diverse potentialities within contemporary global humanist thought. This comparative perspective, enhanced by employing the method of sublation, underscores the planetary relevance of humanism. It demonstrates how diverse cultural perspectives enrich and broaden the scope of global discourse, leading to a more inclusive understanding of humanism worldwide. In this paper I will give a brief historical overview of the origins and development of the formation of ideas which, in China, placed the human being at the centre of culture and the cosmos. But in order to better understand the differences that demarcate Chinese views of humans and their position in the world from European ones, we will first look at how the relationship between people and the communities in which they live is structured in the Chinese tradition. We will then examine the political and philosophical currents shaping Confucian discourse and take a look on the way in which each of them contributes to the Chinese model of humanism. By applying the method of sublation, we intend to investigate how these two systems could complement and enhance each other, thereby helping to establish a foundational framework for a newly proposed transcultural planetary ethics.

Dissecting the invasion history of Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) in Portugal using genomic data

BackgroundThe invasive pest Spotted-Wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), causes extensive damage and production losses of soft-skinned fruits. Native to Asia, the species has now spread worldwide, with first reports in Portugal in 2012. In this study, we focus on the genomic signatures of the recent Portuguese invasion, in the context of worldwide patterns established in previous works. We analyzed whole genome pool sequencing data from three Portuguese populations (N = 240) sampled in 2019 and 2021.ResultsThe correlation of allele frequencies suggested that Portuguese populations are related to South European ones, indicating a Mediterranean invasion route. While two populations exhibited levels of genetic variation comparable to others in the invasive range, a third showed low levels of genetic diversity, which may result from a recent colonization of the region. Genome-wide analyses of natural selection identified ten genes previously associated with D. suzukii’s invasive capacity, which may have contributed to the species’ success in Portugal. Additionally, we pinpointed six genes evolving under positive selection across Portuguese populations but not in European ones, which is indicative of local adaptation. One of these genes, nAChRalpha7, encodes a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which are known targets for insecticides widely used for D. suzukii control, such as neonicotinoids and spinosyns. Although spinosyn resistance has been associated with mutations in the nAChRalpha6 in other Drosophila species, the putative role of nAChRalpha7 in insecticide resistance and local adaptation in Portuguese D. suzukii populations encourages future investigation.ConclusionsOur results highlight the complex nature of rapid species invasions and the role of rapid local adaptation in determining the invasive capacity of these species.

La actividad periodística y los desafíos de su gestión en los Estados Unidos de América y Europa

The digital age has opened the doors to numerous opportunities for publishing organizations and journalists, and has increased the number of challenges, particularly those related to the sustainability of the business model. The management of media companies faces a number of profound and disruptive challenges that even significantly defy the logic of various social media industries. This paper aims to understand the sustainability and challenges of media business models and how managers are reacting and adapting their practices in this industry in the field of digital transformation, and in an increasingly competitive market. Thus, the central research questions of this work are: RQ1. What are the main strategies and management practices applied by journalistic companies to achieve the sustainability of their business model and funding? RQ2. To what extent are the revenue streams of digital newspapers growing and how has the funding model of US newspapers differed from that of European ones? This article is based on 6 interviews (out of a total of 90 from a larger study that included executives from media companies based on all continents) with executives from 3 North American (United States and Canada) and 3 European newspaper companies. (Ireland, UK and France).

Genomic analysis of two penicillin- and rifampin-resistant Corynebacterium rouxii strains isolated from cutaneous infections in dogs

Although diphtheria is a vaccine-preventable disease, numerous cases are still reported around the world, as well as outbreaks in countries, including European ones. Species of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae complex are potentially toxigenic and, therefore, must be considered given the possible consequences, such as the circulation of clones and transmission of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. Recently, Corynebacterium rouxii was characterized and included among the valid species of the complex. Therefore, two cases of C. rouxii infection arising from infections in domestic animals are presented here. We provide molecular characterization, phylogenetic analyses, genome sequencing, and CRISPR-Cas analyses to contribute to a better understanding of the molecular bases, pathogenesis, and epidemiological monitoring of this species, which is still little studied. We confirmed its taxonomic position with genome sequencing and in silico analysis and identified the ST-918 for both strains. The clinical isolates were sensitive resistance to benzylpenicillin and rifampin. Antimicrobial resistance genes, including tetB, rpoB2, and rbpA genes, were predicted. The bla and ampC genes were not found. Several virulence factors were also detected, including adhesion, iron uptake systems, gene regulation (dtxR), and post-translational modification (MdbA). Finally, one prophage and the Type I-E CRISPR-Cas system were identified.

Mitigating economic losses and prospects for the development of the energy sector in the Republic of Kosovo

The purpose of the study was to analyse the current economic problems in the energy sector of Kosovo and to develop effective strategies to overcome them, in particular ways to minimise losses and increase the stability of the energy system, as well as to study opportunities for ensuring the country’s long-term development and energy security. The main focus was on the economic impact of implementing international energy standards, particularly European ones, within Kosovo’s national policy and development strategy. The analysis emphasised the financial benefits and challenges associated with aligning the country’s energy sector with EU directives, especially those related to renewable energy sources and energy efficiency. Key areas of the study included the economic potential of enhancing energy security, promoting renewable energy development, and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Additionally, the study evaluated the economic implications of these reforms on Kosovo’s energy market and overall economic growth trajectory. The study also included an economic analysis that assessed possible economic losses associated with the transition to renewable energy sources. Risks were considered, including job losses in traditional energy sectors such as coal and the significant financial costs required to upgrade infrastructure. However, the study found that the long-term benefits of a green energy transition, including increased energy security, reduced dependence on energy imports and improved environmental conditions, outweigh the short-term economic costs. The results showed that although the economic transition is accompanied by significant financial costs, the long-term benefits, such as increased energy security and reduced emissions, are substantial. The study highlights the importance of further reforms and investments to ensure the sustainable development of Kosovo’s energy sector, as well as the country’s integration into the European energy environment

Eastern arcade wall-hangings from the collection of the National Museum in Kielce

The collection of the National Museum in Kielce includes a pair of silk arcade wall-hangings, the origin of which should be linked with silk workshops in the Ottoman Empire. These fabrics have parallel artefacts in the Polishmuseum and church collections, and the vast majority of them are traditionally regarded as trophies from the relief of Vienna, which, however, is not confirmed in the sources. In the literature to date they have been referred to originating from Persia, Turkey and even Cairo, and dated to the seventeenth century. The high quality of the Kielce fabrics and their unique, eclectic style, in which Oriental details coexist with European ones, allow us to attribute their authorship to Greek silk workshops located, among others, on the island of Chios. Eastern fabrics entered the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania which had been under the influence of Middle Eastern culture since the fifteenth century, especially strongly in the seventeenth century in huge quantities, not only as war spoils or diplomatic gifts, but above all as an object of well-organised trade in which energetic Armenian merchants played a major role.

Problems of the Organic Agricultural Production Development as Threats to Ukraine's Economic Security

Purpose: The research is aimed at the mechanisms of solving the identified problems in the development of organic agricultural production against the background of the ongoing Russian invasion. Taking into account the need to increase the volume of such output in response to the demands of world markets, the development of state stimulation tools that have been tested in the EU to help achieve both the individual Sustainable Development Goals and to strengthen the components of Ukraine's economic security, which are currently under constant attack. Design/Method/Approach: Based on the data of the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Diia Business, OrganicInfo, and World Bank, we used economic and statistical methods: average, relative values of dynamics, structure, coordination, Le Masne similarity index, Herfindahl-Hirschman concentration index, non-parametric criterion for assessing the tightness of the connection (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient) and graphically depicted the obtained results. Findings: Ukrainian organic production is characterized by imbalance and weak diversification. In 2021, 96.85% of the area of domestic crop production was allocated to the cultivation of grain and oil crops. In 2022, the volume of sales of organic products in the domestic market of Ukraine fell by almost half (-48%). Unlike in European countries, organic products are not a priority for retail trade in Ukraine. The hypothesis about the non-randomness of the correlation between the consumption of organic products and GDP per capita was confirmed: with a probability of 99.9%, there is a direct and strong (0.86) correlation between the indicators. Theoretical Implications: The work identifies the current problems of organic agricultural production and possible ways to solve them, in particular, based on state incentive mechanisms approved in the EU, the introduction of which will strengthen the economic security of Ukraine. Practical Implications: Calculations prove that the reorientation of the Ukrainian producer to the domestic consumer is not a solution to the problems associated with blocking the export of Ukrainian agricultural products until the level of GDP per capita is similar to European indicators. Originality/Value: The development of organic production is one of the priorities of the agricultural policy of the EU from the financial perspective of 2021-2027. It is a direction for realizing Ukraine's competitive advantages against the background of the ongoing Russian invasion. Research Limitations/Future Research: In further research, it is advisable to compare the development trends of Ukrainian organic production with European ones since this article focuses on internal problems. Paper Type: Empirical JEL Classification: Q01, Q14, Q18

Lactase persistence in the Jordanian population: Potential effects of the Arabian Peninsula and Sahara's aridification

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) −13910 C > T has proved a good predictor of the incidence of lactase persistence in Europe and South Asia. Yet, this is not the case in the Near East, although this region is a passageway between the two continents. Lactase persistence is associated with cattle breeding, which originated in the Fertile Crescent of the Near East and spread later during the Middle Neolithic throughout Europe. Here we analyzed five SNPs (−13915 T > G (rs41380347), −13910 C > T (rs4988235), −13907 C > G (rs41525747), −14009 T > G (rs869051967), and −14010 G > C (rs145946881)) in three Jordanian human groups, namely the Bedouins, Jordan valley farmers, and Jordanian urban people. The SNPs −14009 T > G and −14010 G > C were not detected in the sample, −13907 C > G was virtually non-existent, −13910 C > T showed low frequencies, and −13915 T > G exhibited salient frequencies. The estimated incidence of lactase persistence was lower in the urban population (16 %), intermediate in the Jordan Valley's farmer population (30 %), and higher among the Bedouins (62 %). In explaining our findings, we postulated climatic change brought about by the aridification episode of the Arabian Peninsula and the Sahara 4200 years ago. This climatic milestone caused the collapse of the Akkadian Empire and the Old Kingdom in Egypt. Also, it could have led to a drastic decline of cattle in the region, being replaced by the domestication of camels. Loss of traditional crops and increasing dependence on camel milk might have triggered local selective pressures, mainly associated with −13915 T > G and differentiated from the ones in Europe, associated with −13910 C > T.

Othering and Low Status Framing of Immigrant Cuisines in US Restaurant Reviews and Large Language Models

Identifying implicit attitudes toward food can help mitigate social prejudice due to food’s pervasive role as a marker of ethnic identity. Stereotypes about food are representational harms that may contribute to racialized discourse and negatively impact economic outcomes for restaurants. Understanding the presence of representational harms in online corpora in particular is important, given the increasing use of large language models (LLMs) for text generation and their tendency to reproduce attitudes in their training data. Through careful linguistic analyses, we evaluate social theories about attitudes toward immigrant cuisine in a large-scale study of framing differences in 2.1M English language Yelp reviews. Controlling for factors such as restaurant price and neighborhood racial diversity, we find that immigrant cuisines are more likely to be othered using socially constructed frames of authenticity (e.g., authentic, traditional), and that non-European cuisines (e.g., Indian, Mexican) in particular are described as more exotic compared to European ones (e.g., French). We also find that non-European cuisines are more likely to be described as cheap and dirty, even after controlling for price, and even among the most expensive restaurants. Finally, we show that reviews generated by LLMs reproduce similar framing tendencies, pointing to the downstream retention of these representational harms. Our results corroborate social theories of gastronomic stereotyping, revealing racialized evaluative processes and linguistic strategies through which they manifest.

INNOVATIVE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEM OF UKRAINE AS A CONDITION FOR PARTICIPATION IN EUROPEAN POLICIES

Introduction. The article highlights the essence of the main innovative transformations taking place in the legal system of Ukraine in the context of intensification of the European integration processes from the standpoint of general theoretical analysis. The author focuses on the interrelation between changes in the national legal system of Ukraine and the State's involvement in European policies. Summary of the main results of the study. It is found that deepening of Ukraine's participation in European policies depends on several basic organizational and legal factors: formation of a unique regulatory framework for the implementation of EU legal standards into the system of national legislation of Ukraine, institutional reforms in the system of public authorities, improvement of the contractual framework for the development and deepening of political relations between Ukraine and the united Europe. The author reveals the main clusters of EU law provisions which are currently most implemented in the legal system of Ukraine (customs, food security, veterinary and phytosanitary policy, consumer protection and healthcare, statistics, foreign relations, transport policy, freedom of entrepreneurship and provision of services, financial services, freedom of movement of goods). It is proved that formal and legal support for the "transfer" of many areas of public administration and life in Ukraine to EU standards contributes to the formation of new social practices of their implementation similar to the European ones (functioning of public services, law enforcement and public safety, education and science, health care, etc.) Conclusion. The author substantiates the conclusion that innovative changes in the national legal system of Ukraine determine the degree and depth of our country's participation in European policies. The gradual deepening of involvement of employees of the system of public authorities and local self-government, as well as citizens involved in other spheres of society in the main areas of the EU's functioning, creates a real basis for accelerating Ukraine's accession to the EU. Accordingly, a promising task of legal science is to substantiate the most effective ways of further implementation of legal standards for the regulation of public relations, which are recognised as model ones at the EU level.

Is Too Much Time on the Internet Making us Less Satisfied with Life?

The Internet’s profound impact on society, communication, and the global economy is undeniable. Despite the studies on Internet adoption and frequency of use, little attention has been given to the intensity of usage as measured by the time spent online. In highly developed countries like the European ones, bridging the access gap is nowadays less relevant, as almost everyone has Internet access. Instead, the focus should be on analysing usage intensity to uncover new digital disparities among different groups and understand potential impacts on individuals' subjective well-being (SWB).This study aims to deeply examine Internet usage time, its socioeconomic determinants, and its effects on SWB using data from the European Social Survey (ESS) spanning from 2016 to 2020–22 in 21 European countries. We seek to answer two research questions: (1) How do individuals' characteristics influence Internet usage intensity? (2) What is the impact of Internet usage intensity on individuals' SWB?Our findings show inequalities in Internet usage time driven by individuals' socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics. Traditionally disadvantaged groups, both offline and online, exhibit lower Internet usage time, consistent with the existing literature on the digital divide. As for the effect of intensity of Internet use on SWB, after accounting for individuals' characteristics and addressing Internet's endogeneity, we found a negative and significant relationship between Internet usage intensity and life satisfaction, especially for the most intensive internet users.

The Dogs of Tsenacomoco: Ancient DNA Reveals the Presence of Local Dogs at Jamestown Colony in the Early Seventeenth Century

Abstract Multiple studies have demonstrated that European colonization of the Americas led to the death of nearly all North American dog mitochondrial lineages and replacement with European ones sometime between AD 1492 and the present day. Historical records indicate that colonists imported dogs from Europe to North America, where they became objects of interest and exchange as early as the seventeenth century. However, it is not clear whether the earliest archaeological dogs recovered from colonial contexts were of European, Indigenous, or mixed descent. To clarify the ancestry of dogs from the Jamestown Colony, Virginia, we sequenced ancient mitochondrial DNA from six archaeological dogs from the period 1609–1617. Our analysis shows that the Jamestown dogs have maternal lineages most closely associated with those of ancient Indigenous dogs of North America. Furthermore, these maternal lineages cluster with dogs from Late Woodland, Hopewell, and Virginia Algonquian archaeological sites. Our recovery of Indigenous dog lineages from a European colonial site suggests a complex social history of dogs at the interface of Indigenous and European populations during the early colonial period.

Relation between the soil erosion cover management factor and vegetation index in semi-arid basins

The cover management factor is one of the main five factors that is used within the universal soil loss equation to reflect the effect of cropping and management practices on soil erosion rates. It is determined through tables and equations derived in tropical and European conditions, which are not suitable for semi-arid regions with different climate, topography, and soil characteristics. Therefore, this study considers al-Arish basin in Sinai Peninsula, Egypt as a semi-arid study area to generate a cover management factor’s equation in terms of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index using hydrological modeling and satellite images processing. To verify the proposed equation, it was applied to the Derna catchment in Libya and compared with European and tropical ones with respect to the hydrological outputs. Statistical analysis indicates that the proposed equation determines the cover management factor more accurately than those developed for tropical or European regions, as the correlation coefficient between the cover management factor and the hydrological results was 0.71, while it was about 0.20 for the European and tropical, equations, also the degree of agreement between the proposed equation’s results and the hydrological simulation was 0.768 while it was 0.001 and 0.02 for the tropical and European equations respectively. By utilizing the newly developed equation, the soil erosion can be estimated more accurately for the semi-arid regions, and a better understanding of the relation between the vegetation cover and soil erosion can be drawn.

The Greek crisis as a “morality tale”? An empirical assessment

Credit and debt are more than just material exchanges within a market economy, they are also social constructs embedded in moral judgments about the character of the agents involved. During the recent European Sovereign Bond crisis, some commentators noted how a similarly loaded moral media discourse juxtaposed “virtuous” Northern European countries on the one side, and “spendthrift, lazy” Southern European ones on the other side. In this article, I provide a quantitative large-N empirical assessment of this phenomenon. I employ a dictionary-based approach inspired by research in social psychology to measure moral content. Upon analyzing more than 14,000 articles published in the Anglo-American and German financial press between 2004 and 2019, I show the extent to which Greece was described in negative moral language. After the initial “shock” in the fall of 2009, the average moral tone turns negative, and more so in the German financial press relative to its Anglo-American counterpart. Moreover, by most measures, it never completely reverts to pre-crisis levels, thus suggesting how “sticky” economic narratives can become. Against the original expectations, though, there is no evidence that the financial press framed the last and most acute phase of the Greek crisis in 2015 in increasingly moral terms.

Imported Table Wares in the Palestinian Countryside in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries and Their Integration into (and Influence on?) Local Dining Habits

Archaeological fieldwork in Israel has testified to the presence of a variety of imported glazed table wares of the 19th and first half of the 20th century—notably from the northeast Mediterranean, Europe and the Far East—in numerous locations, including in rural sites of various ranks. The influx of import of these ceramics to the southern Levant and their widespread use reflect the intensifying commercial activity in the eastern Mediterranean and the gradual processes of globalization and quasi-Westernization or modernization among certain local populations. This article examines the extent of use of imported table wares among 19th to early 20th-century Palestinian Arab rural societies, the modes of use of these vessels in food consumption contexts, and consequently the power of foreign (culinary) objects to modify local (dining) traditions. These aspects are investigated by using archaeological materials, historical photographs and some written testimonies. This review shows, on the one hand, that imported table wares were integrated into local kitchens and functioned alongside locally-produced vessels. On the other hand, although many of these imports—specifically the European ones—were originally designated for individual eating, it is shown here that their influence on local, well-rooted traditions of communal dining was minor, especially among the great majority of the countryside population.

A positive psychology intervention to enhance mental well-being of Syrian refugees in the Netherlands

PurposeSyrian refugees in the Netherlands frequently suffer from mental health problems. It is argued that mental health not only consists of the absence of psychiatric disorders but also of the presence of mental well-being. However, there is little attention to the mental well-being of refugees, and no intervention exists that focuses on fostering the mental well-being of refugees. Therefore, the new culturally sensitive positive psychology intervention “Mosaic” was developed and implemented in collaboration with the target audience and local partners. Mosaic is offered in the Arabic language, and the content is focused on (re)finding purpose in life and (re)discovering life values and subsequently acting upon these values. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of Mosaic on the mental well-being of Syrians in the Netherlands.Design/methodology/approachThe effect of Mosaic on the mental well-being of Syrians in the Netherlands is assessed by conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a waitlist control group.FindingsPostintervention within sample t-tests showed that the intervention group (n = 66) experienced significantly more overall mental well-being, emotional well-being and purpose in life right after participating in the intervention when compared to the preintervention measurement. The effect on purpose in life persisted six months later. These improvements were not found among the control group (n = 60).Originality/valueMosaic is the first positive psychology intervention in the Netherlands that was developed for and in collaboration with Syrian refugees. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is also the first study in the Netherlands and one of the first ones in Europe that assesses the effect of positive psychology for refugees specifically.

Resettlement of Eurytemora velox (Crustacea: Copepoda) in Europe, the Urals and Western Siberia

The recent distribution of the Ponto-Caspian calanoid copepod, Eurytemora velox, in Western and Eastern Europe has been well-documented; however, there are no studies on the genetic diversity of the recently discovered Western Siberian species population. To contribute towards filling this gap, genetic diversity and distribution were investigated for E. velox collected in the Urals and Western Siberia of the Russian Federation to compare with the European populations. In this study, 44 specimens were dissected for the morphological studies, and 22 specimens of E. velox from different geographical points were analyzed for mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (CO1), nuclear ITS1-ITS2 (nITS) and nuclear ribosomal RNA (18SrRNA) gene fragments. Analysis of the CO1 gene region showed that the studied populations from the Urals and Western Siberia differ significantly from European ones and represent a separate genetic line. However, the nuclear nITS and 18SrRNA genes, as well as the results of morphological analysis, did not show such isolation of the Trans-Ural populations from those in Europe. As in many studies on E. velox, we found atypical structural features of the fifth prosomal leg among females in the Ob Bay. Their share was 36% of the number of studied individuals. The CO1 shows that the divergence of genetic lines occurred approximately in the Middle Pleistocene, and the species itself is Paleogene–Neogene by origin. Based on these data, a different scenario of E. velox distribution or possible refuge survival is discussed.

Impact of the full-scale war in Ukraine on the environment: Environmental damage assessment

The full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation has threatened not only the sovereignty and integrity of Ukraine but also the state of the environment, as military operations have a direct impact on the quality of natural resources, which makes this topic relevant. The study aims to determine the impact of the war on the state of the environment in Ukraine, as well as on the environmental rights of citizens. The methods used in the study included statistical, legal hermeneutics, induction, comparative methods, and others. The study results are the essence of environmental protection and the main components of this category, namely, soil, land, water resources, atmosphere, and biodiversity. The author clarifies the essence of the environmental rights of Ukrainian citizens and what they consist of, as well as how they can be violated. It is pointed out that in the context of military confrontation, Ukrainians are limited in their ability to stay in an environment that is safe for health and life. An estimate of the environmental damage caused by the hostilities is provided, which amounts to $59.7 billion, but is not entirely accurate or definitive, given the obstacles to data collection and lack of access to the occupied territories. The most common negative consequences of military operations and the environmental damage they cause are illustrated, examines in more detail such an environmental crime as the destruction of the Kakhovka hydroelectric power plant, and provides an estimate of material damage to various sectors, as well as the impact on the environment in the region. The differences between the Ukrainian methodology for assessing environmental damage and the American and European ones are noted. The article emphasises the need to take into account international recommendations and the use of the latest technologies to collect data on the long-term consequences of environmental damage caused by a full- scale invasion. The results of the study can be used for further work and practical improvements to the methodology for assessing environmental damage by lawyers and environmentalists

The only ones in Europe

The only ones in Europe