European Innovation Research Articles

Innovation systems’ response to changes in the institutional impulse: Analysis of the evolution of the European energy innovation system from FP7 to H2020

This study addresses how the institutional impulse developed by the European Union influenced the evolution of the European energy innovation system. Considering the contributing role of innovation systems in the development of new knowledge and technology, it can be stated that the institutional impulse achieved by the European Union through the research framework programmes creates a network of relations between entities and projects. This enables the exchange of information and expertise, which is considered a key element for innovation development. Previous studies have attempted to determine whether institutional impulse is an essential element in understanding the efficiency of innovation systems and their related research policies. However, their investigations have yielded inconclusive results. Using the CORDIS database of the European Commission, this study aims to fill this gap by assessing the European energy innovation system for two periods (2007–2013 and 2014–2020) through two of its research funding programmes—FP7 and H2020—thereby contributing to the literature in the innovation systems field. Social network analysis has been conducted to examine how changes in the institutional impulse, reflected in the new objectives in the research funding programmes, are associated with changes in the structural and topological properties of the innovation systems’ underlying networks. The first contribution indicates that the innovation system responds to changes in the goals of funding programmes, as the taxonomy, topology, and structural properties of their underlying networks underwent modifications due to the newly proposed objectives. The second contribution shows that network properties (cohesion and centrality metrics) can explain the efficiency and effectiveness of innovation systems, drawing useful conclusions for policymakers and individual entities. This last contribution also has important policymaking implications, as it provides the basis for understanding how innovation policy goals can be achieved by changing the institutional impulse to direct the innovation system towards these objectives.

THE ROLE OF THE INNOVATION BROKER IN THE FORMATION OF EIP-AGRI OPERATIONAL GROUPS

The European Innovation Partnership for Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability (EIP-AGRI) is part of the support for agricultural economic development. EIP-AGRI operational groups are groups of people who are working together on an innovation project funded by Rural Development Programs (RDP). Their essence is to transform innovative ideas into real solutions. The coordination of the formation process of operational groups has been entrusted to agricultural advisory units, especially to innovation brokers working there. The aim of the study was to determine the role of the innovation broker in the formation of EIP-AGRI operational groups. Mechanisms of innovation support in the agricultural sector were presented, paying particular attention to the tasks of the National Network for Innovation in Agriculture and Rural Areas (NRN) and the Measure “Cooperation” implemented under RDP 2014-2020. The “e-Networking” operation implemented by the Pomeranian Agricultural Advisory Centre in Lubań (PODR) in 2020-2021 was analysed and a survey study was conducted using an original survey questionnaire prepared on the Webankieta platform. The conducted survey shows that the role of an innovation broker is, first of all, to support entities interested in cooperation in obtaining funds for innovative activities, prepare project proposals and documents related to the functioning of the EPI operational group and identify entities willing to undertake cooperation as well as to assist in its establishment.

Advancing Smart Manufacturing in Europe: Experiences from Two Decades of Research and Innovation Projects

In the past two decades, a large amount of attention has been devoted to the introduction of smart manufacturing concepts and technologies into industrial practice. In Europe, these efforts have been supported by European research and innovation programs, bringing together research and application parties. In this paper, we provide an overview of a series of four content-wise connected projects on the European scale that are aimed at advancing smart manufacturing, with a focus on connecting processes on smart factory shop floors to manufacturing equipment on the one hand and enterprise-level business processes on the other hand. These projects cover several tens of application cases across Europe. We present our experiences in the form of a single, informal longitudinal case study, highlighting both the major advances and the current limitations of developments. To organize these experiences, we place them in the context of the well-known RAMI4.0 reference framework for Industry 4.0 (covering the ISA-95 standard). Then, we analyze the experiences, both the positive ones and those including problems, and draw our learnings from these. In doing so, we do not present novel technological developments in this paper—these are presented in the papers we refer to—but concentrate on the main issues we have observed to guide future developments in research efforts and industrial innovation in the smart industry domain.

РЕГІОНАЛЬНА ІННОВАЦІЙНА СИСТЕМА ЄС

In modern economic realities, the formation of regional/territorial innovation systems, or «innovation ecosystems», is one of the effective mechanisms for intensifying the creation and implementation of new technologies and innovation strategies. Within the framework of the modern regional innovation system of the European Union, the object of its functioning is the space of development, the goal is to expand through open access and support high innovation activity of participants, and the result is to enhance positive practices and effects. The aim is to study the role of the regional innovation system of the European Union in the development of the innovation market of member states. The research methodology involved extensive analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalisation tools. It is proved that in the modern innovation market of the European Union, a kind of multilevel hierarchy with different institutional conditions has been formed. It is determined that today the degree of «network integration» of the regional innovation system of the European Union into the global innovation network, its place and market position in the global value chain is determined by the share of value-added created by the country/region in its export value. It is noted that European multinational companies are an essential subject of the European Union regional innovation system. The article analyses the concept of «smart specialisation», which is inscribed in the European Union innovation policy. It is concluded that the modern feature of the European Union regional innovation sustem is the active use of the technology platforms, whose major competitive advantage is the transformation of innovative tools of the technological process into market control tools. As a materialisation of holistic technologies based on fundamentally new scientific and technological results, technological platforms are an ideal communicative structure for improving the original idea through multilateral collaboration. Within the regional innovation system, the European Union’s multinational companies are now the owners of leading and highly efficient technology platforms, successfully forming key network nodes and structuring innovation-production and information-communication processes.

ПАРАДИГМА «НОВОГО ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО СВІТОГЛЯДУ» ЄС

The essential conceptual component of the innovation power of the EU economy in the last decade is the paradigm of the "new innovative worldview", which is based on the conceptual apparatus of "open innovation", called "Open Innovation 2.0». The research aims to study the modern paradigm of the "new innovative worldview" of the European Union. The research methodology involved extensive analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalisation tools. The article examines the global paradigm of the "new innovative worldview" of the European Union. It defines the main features that characterise the "Open Innovation 2.0" of the EU. The paper proves that knowledge and innovation remain priority areas for developing the innovation power of the European Union. The emergence and development of "open innovation" are associated with a synergistic worldview of the evolution of economic systems and the deep media informatisation and digitalisation processes, which stimulate the computer revolution and virtualism. It demonstrates that the characteristic feature of economic development of EU member states is openness to change, the desire to improve the quality of life, the level of competitiveness of products, services and all types of resources provided by innovation as one of the most critical drivers of social development. It analyses the innovation power of the European Union member states according to the European Innovative Scoreboard. The article presents the rating of EU member states on innovation force. It founds that Sweden is still the leader in innovation in the EU. It considers the European Union's innovation strategies "Europe 2020" and the new six-year Horizon Europe – the EU research and innovation framework programme 2021–2027. It is concluded that in current conditions, the global paradigm of the "innovation worldview" of the European Union is that by pursuing an active policy of dissemination of innovation and new knowledge, EU member states contribute to the fact that regional policy, previously redistributive, all acquires more features of structural approach. The synergetic effect is achieved by combining member states' own national innovation strategies and participating in supranational, pan-European innovation programs.

Female entrepreneurship and economic crisis in EU-28: the case of Greece

Entrepreneurship is considered one of the most important solutions to unemployment, poverty and low economic growth. Creating new businesses and growing existing businesses are vital factors that contribute to any economy. Women's entrepreneurship is an important key factor in economic growth. Taking into account the period 2006-2018, we find that in Greece female entrepreneurship in its early stages is moving at slightly lower levels than in Europe and innovation countries. The high unemployment of women and the difficulties of finding dependent work seem to lead Greek women to entrepreneurship more than in European countries and innovation countries. The negative image is complemented by the fact that in Greece a woman is more likely to shut down her business compared to other European countries. The main objective of this paper is to study female entrepreneurship in the European Union crisis and the case of Greece.

The Impact of Public Procurement on Financial Barriers to Green Innovation: Evidence from European Community Innovation Survey

The Impact of Public Procurement on Financial Barriers to Green Innovation: Evidence from European Community Innovation Survey

СУЧАСНА ПРОМИСЛОВА ПОЛІТИКА ТА ІННОВАЦІЙНА СТРАТЕГІЯ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ

Industrial policy determines the guidelines for developing the innovative power of any entity in the global economy, including the European Union. The effectiveness of industrial policy contributes to the favourable innovation climate and is the driver of economic development. Thus, the analysis of the European Union's current industrial policy and innovation strategy is essential for Ukraine. The article aims to study the current industrial policy and innovation strategy of the European Union. The work examines the current industrial policy and innovation strategy of the European Union. It is noted that the evolution of modern industrial policy in the European Union is associated with the use of two models: vertical (selective) and horizontal (functional). It analyses the provisions of the New Industrial Policy of the European Union 2021–2027, which were grouped in three documents. The measures proposed by the European Commission for the restructuring of European industry have been identified. It has been found that today the European Union ranks only third (after China and the United States) in the development of innovative researce and development. The research reveals that the European Union today actively uses the existing integration tools as a priority to "pull" the lagging countries to the level of innovative development of the advanced group of member states. Restrictions on the domestic policy of the European Union member states in technological development have been systematised. The article analyses the current strategy of the European Union in the field of innovation and reveals the goals and directions of innovation development provided by it. It presents the most important mechanisms that form the basis of the European Union's policy in supporting "open innovation". However, it is concluded that the European Union today is actively using existing integration tools to "pull" lagging countries to the level of innovative development of the advanced group of member states (27), which should lead to increased innovation and competitive power of the European Union as a whole.

Achieving a Shared Consensus: the Delors Committee and the Relaunch of the EMU Process

The Madrid European Council of 26-27 June 1989, where the twelve heads of state of the EEC officially approved the Delors Report and formally launched the EMU process, marked the emergence of a new consensus towards European institutional innovations. This paper, based mainly on previously unseen documents from the Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa personal archives held at the Historical Archives of the European Union, analyses the two-years path that brought to this result. In early 1988, a French and Italian challenge to the European monetary system in place, through the publication of two memorandums, launched an international debate alimented by both national and supranational actors that led to the creation of the Delors Committee in June 1988. Developed from September 1988 to April 1989, its activity made it possible for the EC members to identify and define the fundamental elements of a monetary union and to outline a three-stage path for its realisation.

Towards a single European strategic research and innovation agenda on materials for all reactor generations through dedicated projects

The goal of the ORIENT-NM action is to produce a single European strategic vision on research and innovation concerning nuclear materials in the EU, serving all reactor generations and nuclear systems. The key in this endeavour is to focus on advanced materials science practices that, combined with digital techniques, will enable acceleration in materials development, manufacturing, supply, qualification, and monitoring, in support of nuclear energy safety, efficiency, economy and sustainability. The research agenda will be rooted in existing virtuous examples of nuclear materials science projects. Here the results of three of them are summarised, thereby covering different reactor applications and families of materials, as well as a range of advanced material research approaches. GEMMA addressed a number of key areas concerning the development and qualification of metallic structural materials for GenIV reactor conditions, focusing on austenitic steels and their compatibility with several non-aqueous coolants, their welds and the modelling of their stability under irradiation. INSPYRE was an integrated project applying a basic science approach to (U,Pu)O2fuels, to develop physics-based models for the behaviour of nuclear fuels under irradiation and improve fuel performance codes. Modelling was also the focus of the M4F project, which brought together the fission and fusion materials communities to study the effects of localised deformation under irradiation in ferritic/martensitic steels and to develop good practices to use ion irradiation as a tool to evaluate radiation effects on materials.

Review of Some Recent European Cybersecurity Research and Innovation Projects

This paper reviews research from several EU Projects that have addressed cybersecurity using techniques based on Machine Learning, including the security of Mobile Networks and the Internet of Things (IoT). These research projects have considered IoT Gateways and their design, security and performance, the security of digital health systems that are interconnected across Europe to provide health services to pople who travel through the EU, and related issues of the energy consumption and sustainability in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and their cybersecurity. The methods used in much of these research projects are based on Machine Learning both for attack detection and dynamic attack mitigation, as well as performance analysis and measurement techniques based on applied probability models.

The Luxembourg National Research Fund and ChronosHub: Lessons learned from implementing an Open Access Management platform

Luxembourg is well-known for its continuous efforts to develop a world-class research and innovation landscape and often ranks 1st for ‘Attractive research systems’ [1] on the European Innovation Scoreboard. In this context, the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) plays an important role and introduced its first open access policy in 2017 to ensure that all publications from its funding becomes freely accessible. The FNR also set up an open access fund to cover Article Processing Charges (APC) for these publications. To implement the policy and make sure its funding eligibility criteria were met, data had to be collected and checked manually for each payment request, which involved a high volume of administrative work for both grantees and administrators.Prompted to find a solution to address these challenges, FNR and the Luxembourg National Library (BnL) started a pilot in 2020 together with ChronosHub, an open access management platform. By mid-2021, the pilot phase ended and FNR, BnL and ChronosHub transitioned into long-term operation to streamline open access management on a national level, tying in with all research institutions in the country. Subsequently, all APC payments related to FNR grants are managed through the ChronosHub platform. Authors can do compliance checks for each journal before submission, and upon article acceptance the data ingestion, funding eligibility checks, APC payments and reporting are now more automated. As a result, more authors benefit from getting their APCs funded. However, there are still challenges causing manual work, especially for APCs beyond FNR's funding cap as the institutions, in such cases, need to cover one part of the APC.This paper is a write up of the presentation given during the CRIS2022 conference in May 2022, giving an overview of the initiative, and its problems, solutions, lessons learned and remaining challenges.

Differences in Commercialization Policies of Innovations. Customer Perspective

Abstract The last decade in particular has seen prosperity in global challenges. Traditional industry leaders have to compete with the challenges of the new generation in emerging markets. Although the European market is competitively mature, the prosperity in global challenges makes it necessary to defend the domestic market as well as to pursue growth opportunities in emerging markets. Analyzing the trends, a comparison of the US and Chinese innovation commercialization policies from a customer perspective with Europe was distinguished. The main difference is Europe's narrowly defined customer segment, companies do not adapt to customer micro-segments with non-matching product and service requirements, because individual attraction strategies must be implemented for each branch, which increase the difficulty to draw potential global clients. The aim of this work is to analyze the US and Chinese innovation commercialization process policies from a customer perspective to gain an insight into the improvement of European national policy models. A multi-criteria decision analysis was used to compare the US and European influencing factor criteria, which focuses on customer segmentation, to determine the most influential segment. Data were also collected in the analysis of the success of European commercialization. The focus on the US end-market approach is expected to increase the value of the proximity factor by improving the implementation of European innovation policy in practice.

ПАРАДИГМА ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ ТЕЛЕКОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article analyzes the state of innovative capacity of the economy of Ukraine in comparison with other countries of the world according to the indicators of international ratings. The dynamics of the ratings of the international assessment of innovative indicators of Ukraine are presented according to four indicators of innovative capacity for 2015–2021. During 2021, the performance of innovative activity decreased according to two indices (according to the Bloomberg Innovation Index and according to the Global Innovation Index) and slightly improved – according to the Global Talent Competitiveness Index and according to the index of the European Innovation Scoreboard. Ukraine's strongest points in 2021 were its innovation-friendly environment and impact on employment, as well as broadband Internet penetration, employment in knowledge-intensive activities, non-R&D spending on innovation, and exports of knowledge-intensive information technology services. The weakest points are financial support and support, the attractiveness of the research system and intellectual assets, as well as government spending on research and development, the share of small and medium-sized enterprises with marketing or organizational innovations, international scientific and business publications. The economic essence of innovations, innovative activity of enterprises in the relationship and interdependence with innovative activity, innovative potential and innovative development of enterprises is revealed. Features of the innovative activity of enterprises in the telecommunications industry are presented. From the point of view of qualitative properties, innovative development is represented by a complex process of creating and implementing innovations with the aim of qualitative changes of the object of management and obtaining an economic, scientific-technical, social, ecological or any other type of effect that is associated with a necessary condition for survival and development of enterprises in the long term. The priority directions of the paradigm of innovative activity of telecommunications enterprises through the prism of strengthening their competitive positions on the local and global markets of telecommunications services are substantiated.

Different Futures for the European Innovation System of Additive Manufacturing and Their Implication on Society

Different Futures for the European Innovation System of Additive Manufacturing and Their Implication on Society

Запровадження європейських інновацій при викладанні соціально-гуманітарних дисциплін у ВНЗ авіаційного профілю

The article covers and theoretically substantiates the methodologies of teaching in higher educational institutions and the introduction of various innovations there including the experience of European countries. The context of the problem set is determined by a wide range of scientific research, but the introduction of European innovations in the teaching of social and humanitarian disciplines at aviation universities requires constant study and research, taking into account constant changes in the educational process. It should be noted that innovative teaching methods are given considerable attention due to the fact that they provide the necessary «innovative climate» in higher education institutions. That is, they contribute to the development of creative activity and research initiative of students, create the basis for further comprehension and development of legal knowledge, successful application of acquired knowledge in practice. In addition, the introduction of innovative technologies in the teaching of social and humanitarian disciplines makes it possible to train highly qualified, competitive workers who are able to perform complex research, professional-applied and creative tasks. Thus, in order to reform and modernize higher education and science in Ukraine, it is necessary to create an effective innovative educational environment in higher educational institutions through progressive novations, the introduction of the latest technologies, as well as the model of training. At the same time, the educational process should be built taking into account the possibilities of modern information technologies of training

РОЗВИТОК ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА ЯК ФАКТОР ПІСЛЯВОЄННОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

The issue of supporting and creating conditions for the development of innovative entrepreneurship has always been relevant for Ukraine. Since the predominant share of raw materials over innovative products in exports meant the underutilization of human potential, low wages, which determined the low socio-economic standard of living of the population, the impossibility of realizing entrepreneurial abilities on the domestic labor market, labor migration, etc. After the victory in the war that is currently ongoing on the territory of Ukraine due to the attack of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to make even more efforts to develop innovative entrepreneurship. This is due to the fact that it is necessary to rebuild Ukraine not only with buildings and infrastructure, but also to create them in a more innovative way. The article examines the essence and criteria of innovative entrepreneurship, researches the development trends of innovative entrepreneurship and the place of Ukraine in international rankings that reflect the innovative development of Ukraine's economy: the index of innovative development, the Bloomberg Innovation Index, the Global Talent Competitiveness Index, according to the index of the European Innovation Scoreboard. The strengths and weaknesses of Ukraine's innovative sphere, which affect its international rating, are highlighted. Using the coefficient of pair correlation, the relationship between the share of industrial enterprises implementing innovations and the index of competitiveness of the economy of Ukraine was investigated. Was explained that in order to form a layer of entrepreneurs in Ukraine, it is necessary to study a course in educational institutions that will form entrepreneurial competencies in young people and create motivation to engage in entrepreneurial activities and generate new creative ideas. The need for the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the post-war recovery of Ukraine's economy and the government's plans for the distribution of funding and priorities for its modernization are substantiated.

The nature of modernization processes in the Balkans on the example of Belgrade (1878–1914)

In 1878, Serbia finally became an independent state, which forced it to take the path of modernization and transform the traditional elements of everyday life. Belgrade, being the capital of a young state, was the first to undergo a comprehensive reform. An analysis of the structure of the population of the Serbian capital helped to determine what requests citizens can form to the surrounding urban space. In the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries there was a complication of the social structure: there were representatives of the service sector, as well as representatives of professions that require special education (doctors, lawyers, teachers, etc.). The emerging political, military, and intellectual elites were acquiring features that were different from the typical Belgrade residents and strived to satisfy new needs for leisure. Responding to the requests of the capital’s residents, the Serbian authorities and the city administration tried to change the face of the city. Thus, measures were taken to improve the quality and cleanliness of streets and urban spaces. A system of urban public transport started shaping. New buildings in the city center were built in the European style, the housing stock of the city was gradually improved. The authorities passed new laws that regulated the construction of private houses in order to combat uncontrolled construction of inadequate quality. Belgrade, as the capital of independent Serbia, had to develop in accordance with state objectives and with the ideas of modernization that dominated the country, preserving the traditional elements of its everyday life and at the same time striving for European innovations.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE CONTENT OF INNOVATIVE INDICATORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY’S ECONOMY (RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS ON THE EXAMPLE OF UKRAINE AND POLAND)

The article is devoted to the analysis of innovative development of Ukraine and Poland. Management of innovation processes requires knowledge of the specifics of innovation in Ukraine and experience in the application of innovations in other countries, including Poland. Innovative development requires significant financial resources, regardless of the economy and the country. The scientific community uses a number of approaches to measure the level of innovation and innovative achievements. At the same time, there is no single and generally accepted method for assessing the level of innovative development of countries. The results of the generalization of scientific achievements on this issue showed that the most common methodology is the European Innovation Scoreboard, which is proposed by experts from the Research and Innovation Department of the European Commission. The aim of the article is to identify key areas for increasing the level of innovation development of the country based on the results of retrospective analysis of indicators of innovation development and competitiveness of Ukraine and Poland. Reports from the European Innovation Scoreboard and the Global Competitiveness Index were the starting point for the study. The results of the study showed that the main obstacle to innovative development in Ukraine, in contrast to Poland, is the significant loss of scientific and technological potential during the years of independence. It is determined that one of the strengths of the Ukrainian economy, which forms the potential to increase the level of its innovative development, is human resources. On the other hand, the efficiency of economic relations, the level of favorable environment for innovation, as well as financial and institutional support for innovation processes are the weakest dimensions of innovation. Low-rated indicators include innovators with product or process innovations, marketing and organizational innovations, and so on. The results of a comparative analysis of the levels of innovation development of Poland and Ukraine showed the existence of large innovation gaps between the studied countries. It is established that Poland is a leader in almost all components of innovation development. In view of this, it is expedient to study the experience of Poland in ensuring the capacity building of the country's innovative development.

STATISTICS OF INNOVATION IN INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT

Abstract. The article aims to substantiate the areas for improvement in the innovation statistics in Ukraine for information and analytical support of circular economy development. The lack of a measurement framework for the study of this model of economic development in Ukraine, as well as the understanding of the circular economy as a basis for the SDG implementation determine the relevance of the subject study. The authors focus on the following research questions: 1. To what extent are the indicators of SDG implementation in Ukraine related to the principles of the circular economy? 2. To what extent do Ukrainian innovation statistics assess the contribution of innovation activity to the development of a circular economy? 3. What statistical tools does the European Union use to measure the circular economy development and the impact of innovation on development progress? 4. What should be the system of indicators for the circular economy development in Ukraine and the contribution of innovation to this process? This study used systemic and comparative analysis to substantiate a set of indicators used to monitor the implementation of principles of a circular economy and the introduction of environmental innovations in Ukraine. According to our study of 183 indicators of implementing SDG in Ukraine, 28 of them are related to the principles of the circular economy, and most focus on such goals as «Responsible Production and Consumption», Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic growth. The selected indicators can be used as a database for monitoring the circular economy in Ukraine. However, the “blind spot” is the lack of indicators that measure progress of implementing the principle of reuse of resources, including secondary raw materials. In addition, there are no indicators in Ukrainian innovation statistics that measure the impact of innovation on the implementation of the principles of the closed-loop economy. A study of the EU’s experience shows that European statistics use three main tools to measure the circular economy development and innovation activity in this area: 1) Circular economy monitoring progress 2) European Innovation Scoreboard and Innovation Index 3) The Eco-Innovation Scoreboard and Eco- Innovation Index. Taking into account the European intent to integrate with Ukraine and the current state of Ukrainian statistical practice, the authors identify the following areas for its improvement: 1) the introduction of monitoring of the circular economy based on the selected indicators of the SDG and 2) expand the list of selected monitoring indicators by including indicators such as the use of circular materials and the level of recycling of various types of waste. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of a measurement framework that can be used as information and analytical support in governing the circular economy development in Ukraine. Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals, circular economy principles, innovation statistics, environmental innovation, Innovation Index, Eco-Innovation Index, monitoring, Ukraine, European Union.