European Community's Programme Research Articles

Reports and Surveys

1. Joint Venture Prograamme at Cranfield (UK)The Joint Venture Programme, newly launched by the Cranfield School of Management, offers help to companies that are looking to expand their business in developing countries. It is claimed that valuable European Community (EU) grants are being lost, and the Cranfield initiative offers a fast track through what they describe as the bureaucracy involved in making applications for aid to develop partnerships abroad. This is particularly true of companies involved with automation and robotics who because of their intense development and marketing activities fail to take advantage not only of EU programmes that offer financial assistance, but even the help that is at hand from their own government's initiatives.

Modular Control Laboratory Architecture

The laboratory developed under European Community program TEMPUS Joint European Project JEP-0886 "Higher Education in Control Engineering" is described. The laboratory architecture is based on the hierarchical network of PCs controlling the real world represented by numerous scale models of dynamical systems and processes. Every part of software and hardware of the network of laboratory workstations is regarded as a module which can be removed or updated without influencing the rest of the system. The laboratory runs under modular MATLAB2 software environment in real time. Courses in Process Dynamics and Identification, Classical and Modern Control Theory, Intelligent Control and others are supported by the experiments. The laboratory equipment supports simple demos as well as advanced research projects.

Value II ? direct assistance for the exploitation of research

VALUE II is the European Community Programme for the dissemination and utilization of the results stemming from the Community scientific and technological research and will run until the end of 1994 (third Framework Programme). Building on existing structures in cooperation with national authorities and the scientific and industrial community, an network of relay centres has been set up in the Member States, providing new channels of information for companies, universities, research centres and multifunctional support for the measures planned under the program. The programm, as a research and society interface, will also supply information to the public by means of the masss media and the network of relay centres

EC research in language learning and it – some experiences with LINGUA

Abstract This paper begins with a description of ongoing research which has the objectives of designing and producing a Danish business course for speakers of English, and of investigating the design of multimedia language learning systems in general. It then discusses certain aspects of the role and overall philosophy of LINGUA, a European Community Programme to promote Foreign Language Competence. It concludes that the statistics of activities may be impressive, but that new insights into language learning are few.

EC research: a view of relevant BME programmes

The Third European Community Framework Program in the field of technological development and research is discussed. Several of the programs it encompasses are examined, in particular, industrial and materials technologies including biomaterials (Birte-EuEuram II), human capital and mobility, and dissemination and exploitation of knowledge (VALUE II). Activity outside of the framework program, including the European Community Program on Cooperation between Universities and Industry Regarding Training in the Field of Technology (COMETT) and the Strategic Programme for Innovation and Technological Transfer (SPRINT), is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Innovation in products and production systems: The European community programmes and EUREKA FAMOS projects : F. Jovane, pp 1–8

Innovation in products and production systems: The European community programmes and EUREKA FAMOS projects : F. Jovane, pp 1–8

Educating British Children for European Citizenship

Britons are citizens of a 12-nation European Community and of a country which was once the hub of a global empire and which now depends for its economic well-being on international trade. It seems self-evident to require an international dimension to their education. England's National Curriculum Council's 'Cross Curricular Themes' and 'Dimensions' (NCC, 1990) include international perspectives and values, although many teachers already believed that every school subject-not just geography, and not just at secondary level-could be permeated with such considerations. Young scholars from many parts of the world study in UK schools and universities, as they do at teaching establishments in other former imperial powers, but the cultural traffic has at times been one-way. Europeans tend to take their own superiority for granted. European Community programmes such as ERASMUS and TEMPUS foster educational opportunities both within and beyond the EC which seek to promote cultural dialogue. A re-examination of the nature and purpose of education has become central to a Europe whose member states, while retaining their identities, are growing increasingly interdependent, and it is vital if neocolonialism is to be eradicated. An EC without internal frontiers in the 1990s is likely to facilitate social mobility, especially if the young can learn the appropriate skills, knowledge and attitudes. One result of this might be a willingness to consider reducing the bewildering range of qualifying courses currently available (Franjou, 1990). Not least might be a new rationale and urgency for learning non-mother-tongue languages in order to move freely in search of work throughout the Community. Each nation's schools could supplement the teaching of their own national heritage with parallel studies of the cultures of their partners and their relationship with the wider world. This multicultural approach will not per se diminish culture-related prejudices, but it will provide more knowledge for challenging traditional stereotypes. Nationalist perspectives and loyalties may be inevitable, even desirable, as they consolidate the individual's group identity which grows from pre-school experiences in the family, is reinforced by the mass media and tends to go unchallenged by the ethnocentricity of textbooks selected by schoolteachers. But individuals can and usually have many cultural identities, a Gaelic speaker being simultaneously a Highlander, a Scot, a Briton and a European: this list can expand in both directions. Having a European identity does not mean abandoning other identities. 437

European policies and regulation

This article describes the three main objectives of the European Community's programme of regulatory reform in the telecommunication sector: liberalization, the separation of regulatory and operational functions, and the realization of scale economies. Particular attention is paid to the new Directive on Open Network Provision.

The European Community programme on health and hygiene at work.

Journal Article THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY PROGRAMME ON HEALTH AND HYGIENE AT WORK Get access R. HAIGH R. HAIGH Industrial Medicine and Hygiene Unit, Health and Safety Directorate, Directorate-General Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs, Commission of the European CommunitiesBatiment Jean Monnet, L-2920 Luxembourg * Presented at the BOHS Annual Conference, Edinburgh, April 1992. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Volume 36, Issue 6, December 1992, Pages 675–680, https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/36.6.675 Published: 01 December 1992 Article history Received: 02 July 1992 Accepted: 28 July 1992 Published: 01 December 1992

Preliminary interpretation of the LIBRETTO-2 experimental results in terms of tritium permeation barrier efficiency

Within the framework of a European Community program aiming at the development of a water-cooled lithium-lead (Pb17Li) blanket concept for a demonstration fusion reactor [1,2], experimental works are devoted to the development of efficient tritium permeation barriers. These works include in-pile tests (LIBRETTO experiments) with closed steel capsules containing stagnant Pb17Li, intended to assess under irradiation the efficiency of these barriers. In this paper, a method for interpreting LIBRETTO data is presented, which relies on the use of a 2-dimensional finite element simulation model exploiting the analogy between tritium migration and heat conduction. Preliminary results obtained with this model are also discussed, which seem to indicate that, under conditions comparable with the experiment, the permeation barrier tested in LIBRETTO-2 would reduce tritium permeation by about two orders of magnitude.

Innovation in Products and Production Systems: The European Community Programmes and Eureka Famos Projects

Abstract Market globalization calls for continuous improvements in products performances and qualities. This depends on evolution-innovation in design and manufacturing. In this paper, following the presentation of the technological change matrix, it is shown how EC Programmes and the EUREKA Initiative, related to Research and Innovation, are acting as tools of Industrial Policy in Europe. A model is presented that links: the evolution-innovation cycles; the actors involved (from Companies to Research Institutions); the activation mechanisms (Programmes and Initiatives). By using such a model, EC Programmes and EUREKA FAMOS Projects, promoting Research and Innovation in design and manufacturing, are presented and discussed.

CAMCE: An Environment to Support Multimedia Courseware Projects

This paper presents the major results of a research done in the framework of the CAMCE (Computer‐Aided Multimedia Courseware Engineering) project funded within the DELTA (Developing European Learning through Technological Advance) European Community Programme. The project aims to design and prototype a distributed authoring environment supporting the multimedia courseware development process. The first project activity was the definition of a methodology describing in detail a systematic approach to multimedia courseware development. The methodology aim is to provide requirements for the functional specifications of the CAMCE authoring environment. Integration among data and tools is considered a major requirement. Representing data and tools as a network of (multi‐represented) objects, on which different views (environments) are defined, is the basic approach adopted in this project.

Insurance in the EEC—The European Community's Programme for a new Regime, an Industry Report. Prepared by Clifford Chance (Lloyd's of London Press Ltd., 1990) £75.00

Insurance in the EEC—The European Community's Programme for a new Regime, an Industry Report. Prepared by Clifford Chance (Lloyd's of London Press Ltd., 1990) £75.00

A survey of aerosol research in European community programmes

In the European Commission's 3rd Framework Programme (1990–1994) of community research and technological development, aerosol problems are of particular importance in the specific programmes Environment, Nuclear Fission Safety (with emphasis on Reactor Safety and on the Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations), Industrial and Materials Technologies, and Measurement and Testing. Under Environment, significant efforts are directed towards monitoring natural and anthropogenic aerosols in the atmosphere, understanding the role played by aerosols in ecosystem regulation, and the development of techniques to reduce aerosol emission from industrial plants. To ensure Nuclear Fission Safety, investigations are necessary to identify the mechanisms and determine the quantities of fission product aerosols released in the event of an accident and to develop measures for aerosol retention in such cases. The release of radioactive aerosols from nuclear installations in case of fire has been studied, and methods of aerosol abatement by acoustic techniques are under investigation. In decommissioning of nuclear installations the problem of aerosol formation and dispersion arises during dismantling operations. Industrial and Materials Technologies require information on aerosols ranging from welding fumes, asbestos fibres, lead compounds and quartz particles to aerosol/vapour mixtures of toxic products, aerosols from biotechnology industries and airborne micro-organisms. Finally, for Measurement and Testing, reference aerosols are needed for calibration purposes and to improve and harmonize particle counting and characterisation. A brief summary of examples for each of the above activities, carried out in the form of EC cost shared actions or at the Commission's Joint Research Centre, will be given, together with a description of some aerosol problems still to be solved.

Régions et « utilisation de l'espace européen » : la politique du Sud de la France

As Europe moves towards the single market, the need for cooperation between institutions of cross-border regions becomes more apparent. Efforts to organize this have been made through European community programs and the policies of national governments. But the dynamic of inter-regional cooperation takes us beyond this normative approach. Evidence of this may be found in various policies included in the agreement made between the five regions of the South of France : although implemented at a varying rate (as between the Aquitaine region and Corsica) they nevertheless involve exchanges between border regions (Liguria and Catalonia). Can the redefining of states territories go with an inter-regional cooperation within a country ? The answer to this question made by the South of France is a timid but meaningful one.

Construction research in the European community programme

Professor Jacques Rilling presents his Rinker International Conference paper outlining the research programmes in the European Community, confirming that the implementation of the European Construction Product Directive has been identified as the priority action area to be supported by EC funding.

Research collaboration in the European community: Lessons for the US

Research collaboration between government, universities, and industry, as well as among member nations, has been a prominent strategy in the European Community's science and technology policy through the 1980s and into the 1990s. In the perspective of the Single European Act and 1992 Plan, this paper outlines the lessons from European research collaboration for the United States. The structure of the European Community's cooperative R&D programs are reviewed and support for the development of advanced materials is highlighted. In the context of the benefits from the European Community's programs, five policy implications can be discerned for the US: establishment of forums for industry and government to dialogue about research priorities, institution of programs to promote strategic industrial R&D through cost-sharing, encouragement of small and medium-size firms to cooperate in R&D in high-technology sectors, monitoring of European research and development programs, and development of reciprocity policies for foreign-company membership in national collaborative R&D programs.

ERASMUS: European Community Program for the Development of Student Mobility in the European Community

ERASMUS: European Community Program for the Development of Student Mobility in the European Community

The European Community Social Charter and Labour Market Regulation

ABSTRACTThe market orientation of the 1992 European Community programme has given way to a range of other projects involving institutional integration. Issues such as European Monetary Union and the EC Social Charter now dominate the Community's policy agenda. Inducing this shift from ‘negative’ to ‘positive’ integration was a growing realisation that institutional interventions are required to secure and coordinate the integration process. This paper examines the nature of the EC Social Charter as a positive coordination mechanism. First the controversies surrounding the adoption of the Charter are outlined. Then an appraisal is made of how the clauses of the Charter' accompanying action programme and recently published draft Directives affect existing national systems of labour market regulation. The conclusion is that although the Charter does not constitute a move towards a harmonised employment regime, it is a serious attempt to bring about greater coherence in Community labour markets.

PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DECISION ESTABLISHING A TRANS‐EUROPEAN MOBILITY SCHEME FOR UNIVERSITY STUDIES “TEMPUS"

This article is a reprint of the explanatory memorandum of a proposal formulated by the Commission of the European Communities for the establishment of a mobility scheme intended to enable students, teachers, and researchers to participate in education and training programmes similar to those in the Community. A principal goal is to develop links between central and eastearnn Europe and such . European Community programmes as ERASMUS, COMETT, LINGUA, and SPES. The indicative calendar presented assumes that the scheme will be in operation as of the 1990‐1991 academic year.