European Authors Research Articles

Россия как цивилизация в отечественной философской публицистике XIX – начала ХХ века

The article examines the spectrum of domestic philosophical journalism from the XIX ‒ early XX century, which placed particular emphasis on identifying the civilizational specificity of Russia. A significant initial contribution to this discourse was made by P.Ya. Chaadaev in his works “Philosophical Letters” and “Apology of a Madman”. A distinctive response to Chaadaev’s ideas can be found in the works of his contemporaries, including A.S. Pushkin, F.I. Tyutchev, and N.V. Gogol. Each of these authors proposed their own solution on the issue of Russia as a unique civilization. This topic is further developed by Russian philosophers of the second half of the XIX – early XX century – N.Y. Danilevsky, K.N. Leontiev, V.S. Solovyov and V.V. Rozanov, whose ideas became the subject of analysis in the presented article. The text provides a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign assessments of this historical period in the context of the geopolitical situation of that time. Particular attention is paid to the reconstruction of cultural-historical types in the works of Russian and European authors.

Current state and prospects of dihydroquercetin application in food industry

This review is a detailed analysis of the results of the experimental studies carried out by scientists from different countries and devoted to the practical application of dihydroquercetin in food products. The main attention is paid to the antioxidant and functional properties of the bioflavonoid in the composition of milk and dairy products. Currently, dihydroquercetin is considered the most powerful natural antioxidant, which use prolongs the shelf-life of products and has a beneficial effect on the human body. Although much time has passed since dihydroquercetin discovery by Russian scientists, today a significant part of research of the bioflavonoid is focused on the pharmaceutical sphere, while its use in the food industry is at the initial stage of the development. In the article, studies carried out by Russian, Chinese, Japanese, European, American and other foreign authors are systemized, which allowed describing quite thoroughly trends in the use of dihydroquercetin in the global industry. Having focused on the influence of the antioxidant on the characteristics of dairy products, scientists found that it increases the stability of acidity and pH, inhibits the development of the pathogenic microflora, favorably affects taste and aroma. Prospect directions for its use have been revealed, and directions for further research of the use of this antioxidant in the dairy industry have been identified. It is concluded that the addition of dihydroquercetin into a recipe will allow obtaining new functional (parapharmaceutical) food products with the antioxidant stability to prevent socially significant diseases and improve the health of the population.

Koncepcja felicytologii Władysława Tatarkiewicza na tle współczesnych filozofii szczęścia

In the paper, I take up the problem of felicitology examined by Władysław Tatarkiewicz. I try to establish its place in practical philosophy, determine its relation to general ethics, analyse the definition of happiness given in it, and discuss the main theories of happiness. Finally, I show the uniqueness of Tatarkiewicz’s treatise O szczęściu [Analysis of Happiness] (1947) by juxtaposing it with similar works written nowadays by other Polish and Western European authors.

Risks Associated with the Use of Intranasal Corticosteroids: An Analysis of Adverse Reactions Reported to EudraVigilance.

Background: Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) are used for several conditions, including allergic rhinitis and sinusitis. Consequently, their safety profile needs continuous monitoring. This study aimed to analyse the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of the INCS with market authorisation in Europe. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the ADR data from EudraVigilance in the period between the 1 January 2011 and 12 June 2023 was performed, with 2641 reports selected for analysis. ADRs were categorised by seriousness and evolution, with a focus on the most prevalent ADRs and their alignment with the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). Results: The 18-64 age group, particularly females, was most affected. Mometasone was the most reported INCS, with predominantly non-serious ADRs, evolving towards resolution, which often were not listed in the SmPC. From the reported ADRs that were not described in the SmPC of the INCS studied, "Anosmia" and "Ageusia" were highlighted. Regarding the ADRs described in the SmPC, the most frequently reported were "Epistaxis" and "Headache". The ADRs belonging to the Designated Medical Event list were also analysed, with "Angioedema" as the most reported ADR, which was mainly associated with budesonide. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of continuous INCS monitoring to mitigate ADRs and safeguard public health. Further research is warranted to explore potential novel signs for safety arising from previously unreported ADRs.

Maneuvering Colonial and Postcolonial Resistances with Poetry: A Comparative Study of Nazrul and Walcott

This article aims to place poems by Kazi Nazrul Islam of Bangla literature in a comparative study with those by the Caribbean poet Derek Walcott. Nazrul wrote when his country India was under British colonial rule and Walcott wrote when his Caribbean region was under British colonialism and in postcolonial period. The study becomes inevitable against a backdrop where comparative studies of Nazrul have been conducted with American and European authors who lack similar colonial backgrounds. Additionally, when Nazrul is compared with non-American and non-European authors, his Islamic identity, which transforms into his all-embracing humanity, is often omitted or sidelined. Thus, when poems by Nazrul and those by Walcott are in a comparative study, the two poets from two different marginalized nations exhibit conspicuous affinities in their poetic resistances. This is how this paper looks forward to doing a comparative study of the poems by Nazrul and those by Walcott by adopting the methods of Traditional Literary Criticism and a new comparative study as shaped by Zepetnek. The results which the study yields are that the poets maneuver identical poetic resistances by addressing the nation’s unity, revival of history, composition of unique literature, concern for the working-class people, and anti-colonial struggle. The results of the research may contribute to raising cultural awareness among marginalized nations about resisting aggression.

ABSURDITY AND THE LOSS OF WAR ETHICS IN THE NOVELS OF PETRO MARKO AND ERNEST HEMINGWAY

Topic Absurdity and the loss of war ethics in the novels of Petro Marko and Ernest Hemingway, war is presented as a state of madness and meaninglessness by those who invented it. We find this unequal human conflict where real life and literary motivation interweave with each other, in the novels of Petro Marko between Italians and Albanians, while Ernest Hemingway talks about the absurdity of the Italian-Austrian war and the war between Francoists and Republican forces of volunteers from all over the world. Two writers and two fighters who experienced great challenges during these conflicts, transformed and immortalized all the experiences, ideas, perspectives, and worldviews of this war into works of art, thereby creating their original universe. Otherworld and European authors also wrote novels on the subject of war, such as Erich Maria Remarque, known for his famous work Nothing New on the Western Front, published in 1929. Remarque himself was on this front for ten days and saw it for namely the futility and inequality of war. The war lost him forever, the aura of honor he had until then.

Narratives of hybridity

Many nineteenth-century European authors have written novels in which the colonization process played a background role. Much rarer are contemporary literary reflections by colonized people. In an attempt at reconstruction of their points of view, present-day author Amitav Ghosh tries to give the colonized people voice in his historical novels. In his Ibis trilogy, he makes “the subaltern speak” in a diversity of voices. In this rendering of the narrative of emerging colonialism from the viewpoint of subalterns, Ghosh pays special attention to situations of hybridity that are created by the colonial master-narrative. “Hybridity” is a concept that was developed by Homi Bhabha. In this article, I want to investigate how hybridity functions in the Ibis trilogy of Ghosh, especially in his novel Sea of Poppies, and whether hybridity, according to Ghosh, creates a liberating alternative discourse to deal with the traumas of colonialism.

The Role of the Teacher: Function, Missions and Timeless Purposes

Objective: The aim of this study is to reflect on the profile and challenges of the teaching profession in a technologically and humanly challenging educational context, with the aim of understanding the relevance and status of the teaching career, as well as assessing and contextualizing the appeal and social commitment of this profession. Theoretical Framework: We brought together leading theorists, methodologists, pedagogues and thinkers related to the world of education and pedagogy, with special emphasis on Portuguese-Brazilian, European and Spanish-American authors. Method: Narrative literature review, seeking to describe or discuss the current state of the research topic. Results and Discussion: The relational triad between the function, the missions and the designs of the teaching function throughout the ages, whose conceptual-reflexive intersection embraces, exposes difficulties and, essentially, points to paths to be trodden in the future by those who (still) respond to the call to embrace a sick career. Implications of the research: In the future, there are certain considerations that can be reflected on and improved, based on the structure and conceptual basis emanating from the reference authors (and works) that deal with the subject under debate and reflection. Originality/Value: This review uniquely promotes reflection on the past (more or less recent) and the present and, above all, identifies some issues to be worked on for the future in this context and in the face of the real and current challenges of the teaching profession, in a socio-economic and socio-political context that is constantly changing, which is largely based on the assumption of the conjectural function of technical-technological conciliation with the interaction and social responsibility of the teacher towards society.

Global trends in research of venous thromboembolism associated with lower limb joint arthroplasty: A bibliometric analysis.

This study aims to visualize publications related to venous thromboembolism (VTE) and lower limb joint arthroplasty to identify research frontiers and hotspots, providing references and guidance for further research. We retrieved original articles published from 1985 to 2022 and their recorded information from the Web of Science Core Collection. The search strategy used terms related to knee or hip arthroplasty and thromboembolic events. Microsoft Excel was used to analyze the annual publications and citations of the included literature. The rest of the data were analyzed using the VOSviewer, citespace and R and produced visualizations of these collaborative networks. We retrieved 3543 original articles and the results showed an overall upward trend in annual publications. The United States of America had the most significant number of publications (Np) and collaborative links with other countries. McMaster University had the greatest Np. Papers published by Geerts WH in 2008 had the highest total link strength. Journal of Arthroplasty published the most articles on the research of VTE associated with lower limb joint arthroplasty. The latest research trend mainly involved "general anesthesia" "revision" and "tranexamic acid." This bibliometric study revealed that the research on VTE after lower limb joint arthroplasty is developing rapidly. The United States of America leads in terms of both quantity and quality of publications, while European and Canadian institutions and authors also make significant contributions. Recent research focused on the use of tranexamic acid, anesthesia selection, and the VTE risk in revision surgeries.

Making Information About Cladribine Tablets Accessible to People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Patient-Survey-Led Narrative Review for Healthcare Professionals.

Cladribine tablets have been granted marketing authorization in Europe and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA to treat relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, people with MS (PwMS) may be more familiar, and therefore more confident, with treatments requiring long-term and frequent dosing. Differences in such treatment strategies can lead to questions relating to how short-course non-continuous treatments, such as cladribine tablets, can work and how well they are tolerated. In response to this, we aimed to create an evidence-based report on patient-focused aspects of treatment with cladribine. To inform development, MS experts, including healthcare professionals (HCPs) and PwMS, proposed topics that PwMS and their families and caregivers would most like to discuss with HCPs during consultations to help them better understand cladribine treatment. The statements regarding each topic were then ranked by PwMS and used to inform the topics covered in this report. We explain here the use of cladribine tablets, which includes explanations of how cladribine tablets work, how to take cladribine tablets, and considerations required prior to and while taking cladribine tablets. We also describe how cladribine tablets affect relapse rate and quality of life and detail side effects, when they are likely to happen, and for how long. We also discuss how cladribine tablets affect family planning, fertility, and the use of vaccines. Alongside each section is a brief, plain language description of what is covered and an accompanying visual to aid conversations between HCPs and PwMS. Improved understanding by PwMS of treatments, such as cladribine, can empower them to play a bigger role in shared decision-making regarding their treatment. Additionally, the open dialogue we aim to promote with this type of report could lead to treatment choices being better tailored for individuals with chronic diseases on the basis of personal experiences, preferences, and circumstances.

Тау-символ в адыгской (черкесской) архаичной религии и его глобализм в контексте древнейших религиозных культур

Introduction. The genesis of the traditional religion of the Adygs is inextricably linked with the phenomenon of the sacredness of symbolism and attributes. The main attribute of the traditional religion of the Adygs was the Tau symbol. He was a sacred symbol, an object for the worship of the one Great God (adyg., Thye/Theshue). The origin of the cult of the Tau symbol connects the traditional religious worldview of the Adygs with ancient religious cultures. Methods. The author used research methods of comparative historical analysis and analogy. The author compares the meaning and significance of the Tau symbol cult among the Adygs and ancient religious cultures in the Middle East and Europe. The comparison of archaeological and genetic data with narrative sources supports the thesis about the unity of the origin of the population and elements of culture in the ancient Near East and Europe. Analysis. A study and comparison of sources about the cult of the Tau symbol, an attempt to explain its genesis among the peoples of Asia, Africa and Europe, is being carried out. The emergence of the Tau symbol is associated with the emergence of the oldest proto-monotheistic religion in the area of the “Fertile Crescent” and its spread with the diffusion of the first agricultural tribes. Results. European authors of the 17th – 19th centuries attest to the massive spread of the cult of the Tau symbol among the Adygs, which was an archaic sacred attribute of the worship of the Great God. There is a significant spread of the Tau symbol in the ancient religious cultures of the Middle East, with the population of which the Adygs have a paleogenetic relationship. Based on the analysis of a wide range of historical data, the conclusion is made about a single source of global archaic religious culture, the center of which was in the Middle East.

The role of acquired host immunity in periodontal diseases.

The aim of this narrative review is to relate the contribution of European researchers to the complex topic of the host immune system in periodontal disease, focusing on acquired immunity. Other chapters in this volume will address the genetics and autoantibody responses and other forms of immunity to periodontal disease. While the contribution of European authors is the focus, global literature is included in this descriptive narrative for contextual clarity, albeit many with European co-authors. The topic is relatively intense and is thus broken down into sections outlined below, tackled as descriptive narratives to enhance understanding. Any attempt at a systematic or scoping review was quickly abandoned given the descriptive nature and marked variation of approach in almost all publications. Even the most uniform area of this acquired periodontal immunology literature, antibody responses to putative pathogens in periodontal diseases, falls short of common structures and common primary outcome variables one would need and expect in clinical studies, where randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) abound. Addressing 'the host's role' in immunity immediately requires a discussion of host susceptibility, which necessitates consideration of genetic studies (covered elsewhere in the volume and superficially covered here).

Fashion and Authors’ Moral Rights

Abstract Due to the judgments Cofemel and Brompton from the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), it is certain that the standard of copyright protection for works of applied art is the same as for any other work categories. However, the harmonising effect of these judgments only extends to the author’s economic rights, and not their moral interests. The moral rights of authors have not been popular topics in legal literature concerning copyright and works of applied art. This raises the question of to what extent moral rights apply to these works, which many national copyright laws used to discriminate against prior to the guidance from the CJEU. This multidisciplinary article delves into the complex relationship between moral rights and works of applied art in the specific context of fashion design. It appears that moral rights are absent from the standard practice in the fashion sector. This is evident, inter alia, in the fact that typically only renowned designers are attributed as authors. The article notes that there is no legally valid reason for fashion houses to overlook designers’ right of attribution. The right of integrity, however, has much less practical significance in the fashion sector. This article suggests the correct approach to moral rights in the fashion sector. The focus is on the European author’s rights tradition. The moral rights tradition of the Nordic states is used as a reference point because it allows for the consideration of the realities in different creative sectors without disrespecting authors’ personal interests.

A Proposal for the Identity of the Inner Asian City of Ornas (Hornach) Mentioned in Thirteenth-Century Latin Sources

Ornas (also Hornach) appears in the mentions of several Latin authors in the mid-thirteenth century as an important city deep in Asia that had been conquered by the Mongols. There have been several past suggestions by scholars for its identity; the scattered mentions of Ornas (Hornach) have been variously suggested to refer to Tana, Otrar, or Konye-Urgench. The present paper argues that these references, though confused on matters of geography since the Western European authors were writing about largely unknown regions that they did not personally visit, are typically references to the city of Konye-Urgench. The Latin authors’ descriptions of its fall to the Mongols unquestionably draw parallels with Middle Eastern, Rus’, Chinese, and Mongol accounts. This paper argues that the Latin references to Ornas’ proximity to a nearby sea are related to the Aral Sea which had southerly stretches very close to Konya-Urgench as is indicated, for instance from Russian survey maps of the nineteenth century. This identification allows us to place John of Plano Carpini’s description of the fall of Ornas within a larger, cohesive narrative which, though confused on points, offers insights on the fall of the Khwarazmian Empire in the early 1220s.

Evaluating compliance with the best practice guidelines for wrong-level surgery prevention in high-risk pediatric spine surgery.

In 2018, Best Practice Guidelines (BPGs) were published for preventing wrong-level surgery in pediatric spinal deformity, but successful implementation has not been established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate BPG compliance 5years after publication. We hypothesized higher compliance among BPG authors and among surgeons with more experience, higher caseload, and awareness of the BPGs. We queried North American and European surgeons, authors and nonauthors, and members of pediatric spinal study groups on adherence to BPGs using an anonymous survey consisting of 18 Likert scale questions. Respondents provided years in practice, yearly caseload, and guideline awareness. Mean compliance scores (MCS) were developed by correlating Likert responses with MCS scores ("None of the time" = no compliance = MCS 0, "Sometimes" = weak to moderate = MCS 1, "Most of the time" = high = MCS 2, and "All the time" = perfect = MCS 3). Of the 134 respondents, 81.5% reported high or perfect compliance. Average MCS for all guidelines was 2.4 ± 0.4. North American and European surgeons showed no compliance differences (2.4 vs. 2.3, p = 0.07). Authors and nonauthors showed significantly different compliance scores (2.8 vs 2.4, p < 0.001), as did surgeons with and without knowledge of the BPGs (2.5 vs 2.2, p < 0.001). BPG awareness and compliance showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), with non-significant associations between compliance and both years in practice (r = 0.41, p = 0.64) and yearly caseload (r = 0.02, p = 0.87). Surgeons reported high or perfect compliance 81.5% of the time with BPGs for preventing wrong-level surgery. Authorship and BPG awareness showed increased compliance. Location, study group membership, years in practice, and yearly caseload did not affect compliance. Level V-expert opinion.

The Ancient Greek Sophists in Emanuele Tesauro’s Il cannocchiale aristotelico (1670): Thrasymachus and Gorgias

Emanuele Tesauro’s Il cannocchiale aristotelico (The Spyglass of Aristotle) is widely considered a masterpiece of the Baroque, mainly because of his theory of metaphor as a cognitive tool. But this work is much more than that. Tesauro presents his volume as the ultimate interpretation of Aristotle’s rhetorical art, which is clearly not the case. Indeed, his work is a polycentric discourse on a revolutionary theory of rhetoric that goes beyond any previous treatise written on the subject, including Aristotle’s Rhetoric. Despite his relevance in the history of rhetorical theories, Tesauro’s work is still waiting for a comprehensive study of its own as well as investigations of some of its specific aspects. Furthermore, the majority of the existing studies of Tesauro are in Italian (with only very few in English), which makes it difficult for this text to reach an international public. This essay explores what seems to be a specific aspect that has so far been almost completely neglected: the role played by the ancient sophists in the Cannocchiale aristotelico and in the history of rhetoric that Tesauro redesigns. Tesauro proclaims his fidelity to Aristotle but actually contradicts Aristotle’s anti-sophistic approach. During this analysis, we will discover even more about Tesauro’s pro-sophistic attitude: he grounds the climax of Latin rhetorical tradition in Greek sophistry. This positive assessment of the ancient sophists, especially Thrasymachus and Gorgias of Leontini, coexists with a critique of Socrates. Except for Sperone Speroni, no other early modern Italian author—or European author—has proposed this radical inversion of the canon established by Plato. This reversal makes Tesauro a relevant case study in the on-going exploration of the legacy of ancient sophists in Western literature.

ИСТОРИЯ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ КОМИКСА В США

The article provides a historical overview of such a literary and artistic phenomenon as a comic book in the United States of America. The most popular definition of a comic book in special literature to date has been characterized. The history of the appearance of the comic book and its individual artistic features are examined in detail. Conclusions have been drawn about the origin of comics in Europe and their gradual spread to the United States. The most significant works of European authors (R. Töpfer, W. Busch) and the first American authors (R. Outcolt, W. Mackay and G. Herriman) are considered. It is shown how, after the first stages of development, a specific, purely American comic book genre began to form - superhero comics (superheroics) and its influence on the entire further history of these works in America. The periodization of the history of the comic book by "centuries," characteristic features of comics of each century, the most iconic or typical works of each of these periods, is considered. In addition, the works of the most iconic and important authors and artists of the superhero comic book genre are considered and the development of other comic book genres, as well as the influence of the state and the specific historical situation on the subject of works, are characterized. The article is based on scientific and popular science literature on the topic of research.

The Myth of the Artist – from Birth to Collapse: Notes on the Lithuanian Present-Day Novel

The article based on the comparative principle seeks to introduce to a wide audience two novels by Lithuanian writers Kęstutis Navakas (Vyno kopija[“The Wine Copy”], 2016) and Marius Ivaškevičius (Tomas Mūras, 2022),whoseauthors wishto reflect on the status of the artist in the current era of excess and prosperity. The myth of the artist began taking shapein the 19th century and remained at its height throughout the 20th century,even though art itself underwentmany changes. Is theartist still the representative of the elite in society in a post-modern age, when the line between art and pop, between personality and promotional image is almost blurred? These are the questions the authors ask and try to answer, joininginevitably those European authors who placed the creative person at the centre of their fictional world over the last two centuries. Anyone who writes on this subject almost inevitably becomes an author of World literature,as we have understood it since Goethe. The study seeks to reveal the diversity of literary associations, sometimes unconsciously touched upon by the authors, and the tradition of the European novel in dealing with questions of art, man, and his meaning on Earth.

Золотая Орда глазами современников и очевидцев

The purpose of the study: To show how the Golden Horde was seen – its population, its way of life, appearances, occupations – by representatives of the European (Catholic) and Eastern (Muslim) worlds. Their impressions, set out in the corresponding narratives, not only created the image of this state, but also influenced later ideas about the peoples who inhabited the eastern steppes – “Tartaria”. Research materials: The main source on the history of the Golden Horde/Ulus of Jochi are the narrative works of medieval European and Arab-Persian authors. Most eastern narrativist writers had never visited the territory of this state. They drew their information either from the stories of traveling merchants and envoys, or from the writings of their predecessors in compilations. In this regard, the narratives created by Europeans, from the point of view of source studies, differ favorably from the Arab-Persian ones not only in their information content, but also in the directness of its transmission. Research results and scientific novelty: Almost all the narratives known to us related to the Golden Horde were created for political purposes. Accordingly, their content reflects precisely the political, military and dynastic history of this state. Those few authors who had the opportunity to observe the life of the Golden Horde with their own eyes and from the inside – Plano Carpini, Guillaume (Willem) Rubruk, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta – recorded approximately the same things in their notes, namely that “Tatars” were nomads who fed on the products of cattle breeding and hunting, were unpretentious in everyday life, unpretentious in clothing, formally Muslims but in fact dual-religionists since they preserved pagan remnant traditions of nomads. It is almost impossible to establish the scale of urbanization of the Golden Horde from these narratives. Thus, from the point of view of historical source study, the available material objectively forms three main empirical directions in the study of the Golden Horde, each of which has its own subject, without intersecting and practically without interacting with each other: the archeology of the Golden Horde nomads, the archeology of settlements (cities), and socio-political history. Therefore, the modern presentation of the history of the Golden Horde has the character of essays which will evidently persist for quite a long time.

Maria Edgeworth’s Arrival in Galician Literature: O castelo Rackrent (2022)

Since its publication in 1800, Castle Rackrent became Maria Edgeworth’s best and most cherished work. It inaugurated the Big House Novel and turned into a reference for many European authors that came later. Nevertheless, and despite being translated into several languages during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it was not until the 2020s that Edgeworth’s narratives were rendered into Galician. This paper analyzes the recent translation of Castle Rackrent as O castelo Rackrent using Itamar Even-Zohar’s polysystem theory and Gerard Genette’s approach to paratexts as the theoretical framework. After a brief contextualization of Edgeworth and Castle Rackrent, I examine the main features of the target text and its impact in Galician literature.