Euphorbia Royleana Research Articles

TOXICITY OF <i>NERIUM INDICUM</i> AND <i>EUPHORBIA ROYLEANA</i> LATTICES AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS MOSQUITO LARVAE

Different dilutions of aqueous and methanolic extracts of lattices of Nerium indicum (Apocynaceae) and Euphorbia royleana (Euphorbiaceae) were administered for 24h and 48h to the Culex quinquesfasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae in order to test their lethality. The larvicidal activity of lattices of both plants, were time and dose dependent respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between LC values and exposure periods. The result also indicates that the different dilutions of the lattices of both plants also significantly delayed the post-embryonic development of Culex larvae. Methanolic extract of N. indicum is 1.8 times more toxic than aqueous extract while in case of E. royleana, the methanolic extract was 16 times more toxic in comparison to aqueous. Key Words: Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine Vol.7 2003: 61-64

Piscicidal effect of some common plants of India commonly used in freshwater bodies against target animals.

Mortality caused by the aqueous extracts of leaf and stem bark of four plants belonging to family Euphorbiaceae and Apocynaceae against freshwater fish Channa punctatus has been reported. It was found that dilute aqueous solutions of leaf and stem bark were active in killing the fishes. The toxic effect of stem bark of all the plants were time as well as dose dependent. There was significant negative correlation between LC50 and exposure periods. Thus, the LC50 values of stem bark extracts of Euphorbia royleana, Jatropha gossypifolia, Nerium indicum and Thevelia peruviana were decreased from 0.050 g/l (24 h) > to 0.020 g/l (96 h); 4.61 g/l (24 h) > to 4.34 g/l (96 h); 0.097 g/l (24 h) > to 0.041 g/l (96 h) and 4.05 g/l (24 h) > to 3.17 g/l (96 h), respectively. It has been suggested that these plant products cannot be used directly in freshwater bodies, without their detailed studies on long-term effects on non-target organism as well their structure activity relationship.

Biochemical alteration in freshwater fish Channa punctatus due to latices of Euphorbia royleana and Jatropha gossypifolia

Exposure of fish over 96 h to 40 and 80% of LC 50 (24 h) of aqueous latex extracts of Euphorbia royleana and Jatropha gossypifolia of family Euphorbiaceae significantly altered the level of total protein, total free amino acids, nucleic acids, pyruvate, lactate, glycogen and as well as protease activity also in muscle, liver and gonadal tissue of the fish Channa punctatus. The alterations in all the biochemical parameters were significantly dose-dependent. Withdrawal study also shows that there is a partial recovery in the levels of glycogen, pyruvate, lactate and nucleic acids, but nearly complete recovery in total protein, total free amino acids level and protease activity in all the three tissues of the fish after the 7th day of the withdrawal of treatment, which supports the view that the plant product is safer in use as pesticides for control of common weed fishes in culture ponds.

Immobilization of the Proteases of Euphorbia Royleana

Immobilization of the Proteases of Euphorbia Royleana

Analgesic and antipyretic properties ofEuphorbia royleanalatex

The ethyl acetate fraction (EA) from the residue of an 85% ethanol extract of the latex of Euphorbia royleana (Euphorbiaceae) was investigated for antipyretic and analgesic properties. The results showed a dose related peripheral analgesic effect. The fraction assayed exhibited a significant antipyretic effect in hyperthermic rats and rabbits. The oral LD50 was more than 2 g/kg in rats and mice. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Antiinflammatory Effects of an Ethyl Acetate Extract ofEuphorbia royleana

The antiinflammatory activity of the ethyl acetate extract (EA) from the residue of an 85% alcohol extract of the latex of plant Euphorbia royleana was tested in mice and rats. In acute tests EA displayed marked antiinflammatory activity. Significant antiarthritic activity was observed in subacute and chronic models of formaldehyde-induced arthritis, adjuvant-induced developing and established arthritis. It produced inhibition of the exudate volume and the leucocyte migration in rats and vascular permeability in mice. EA showed a poor inhibitory effect on the granuloma formation by cotton pellet and croton oil. In in vitro studies EA inhibited the spontaneous contractions of the isolated pregnant rat uterus and oxytocin-induced contractions of virgin rat uterus. It had a very low ulcerogenic potential. The oral LD 50 in both rats and mice was more than 2500 mg/kg.

Toxicity of the Latex of Euphorbiales. Effect on Acid and Alkaline Phosphatases of the SnailLymnaea acuminata

ABSTRACT The latex of four plants belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae viz. Jatropha gossypifolia, Euphorbia royleana, Euphorbia antisyphlitica and Euphorbia lactea cristata caused significant reductions in the acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in nervous tissue of the snail Lymnaea acuminata. The reduction in the activity of both the phosphatases was time and dose dependent; the order of effectiveness was as follows: Euphorbia lactea cristata > Euphorbia antisyphlitica > Euphorbia royleana > Jatropha gossypifolia. It has been suggested that the inhibition of these enzymes might be through activation of Protein Kinase C.

Possibility of using latex of euphorbiales for snail control

Different dilutions of the latex of four plants of the family Euphorbiaceae, viz. Jatropha gassypiifolia, Euphorbia antisyphlitica, Euphorbia royleana and Euphorbia lactea cristata were administered for 24 h to the snail Lymnaea acuminata and the fish Colisa fasciatus in order to test their lethality. All the plants were lethal to both the snail and the fish. The LC 50 of the snail was, however, considerably lower than that of the fish. Twenty-four hour snail LC 30, LC 50, LC 70 and LC 80 of the latex of all four plants did not cause any mortality among fish in a mixed population of snails and fish. It is proposed that the latex of these plants can be used as a molluscicide for controlling the snail Lymnaea acuminata.

Correlation of the anticholinesterase and molluscicidal activity of the latex of Euphorbia royleana on the snail Lymnaea acuminata.

Correlation of the anticholinesterase and molluscicidal activity of the latex of Euphorbia royleana on the snail Lymnaea acuminata.

Alteration in biogenic amine levels in the snail Lymnaea acuminata by the latex of euphorbia royleana

The latex of Euphorbia royleana which has high molluscicidal and anti-cholinesterase activity against Lymnaea acuminata reduced the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and dopamine (DA) in the nervous tissue of L. acuminata. There was, however, no significant change in the level of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA). The changes were found to be dependent on concentration of the latex extract. Similar changes were produced by both water and organic solvent extracts of the latex. The latex of E. royleana thus affects all the known neurotransmission mechanisms in the snail either separately or through a complex interaction between the different neurotransmitters. This may account for its high toxicity to snails.

Macrocyclic diterpene esters from Euphorbia royleana

An ether soluble resin was prepared by extraction and partition of the latex of Euphorbia royleana. This resin demonstrated pronounced pro-inflammatory activity on mammalian skin and was separated into biologically active and inactive fractions by dry column chromatography. The inactive fraction was further separated by adsorption and partition thin-layer methods. The least polar zone consisted of an inseparable mixture of four tetra-esters of the macrocyclic diterpene ingol, whilst the more polar fraction consisted of a mixture of four tri-esters of the same diterpene.

Cycloroylenol, a cyclopropane containing euphoid from [formula omitted

Cycloroylenol, a new tetracyclictriterpene in the latex of Euphorbia royleana Boiss is shown to have structure ( 1a )

Injury to the eye by the sap of Euphorbia royleana.

Injury to the eye by the sap of Euphorbia royleana.

Terpenoids and Related Compounds. Part VI. Triterpenoids of Euphorbia Royleana

Terpenoids and Related Compounds. Part VI. Triterpenoids of Euphorbia Royleana