Euphemistic Expressions Research Articles

Penggunaan Kosakata untuk Pencitraan Diri di Media Sosial Facebook

Abstract: This study examines the use of vocabulary for self-image by users of social media facebook. This study aims to: (1) describe the form of exponential vocabulary for self-image on social media facebook; (2) describe the form of relational vocabulary for self-image on social media facebook; (3) describe the form of expressive vocabulary for self-image on social media facebook. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach by using a type of critical discourse analysis research. The critical discourse analysis model used is Fairclough's critical discourse analysis model. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research design that focuses on the research process and results. The data in this study were sourced from posts by Facebook social media users. Data collection techniques were carried out in two stages, namely: observation and documentation.The results of the study reveal that the forms of the expansive vocabulary found in this study are classification, ideological words that are fought for, lexicalization, synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms, and metaphors. The forms of relational vocabulary found in this study are euphemistic expressions, formal words, informal words, greetings, names, and personal references. The forms of expressive vocabulary found in this study are in the form of positive evaluation and negative evaluation. The use of vocabulary forms for self-image is used to support efforts to build self-image carried out on Facebook social media by Facebook social media users.Keywords: Self-image, facebook, vocabulary

COGNITIVE CONCEPTUALISATIONS OF POLITICAL EUPHEMISTIC EXPRESSIONS

This paper discusses political euphemistic expressions from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. It is human to say something naturally and socially acceptable, emotionally not irritating, logically intelligible, and communicatively inter-translatable. Euphemistic expression is a way with which language speakers’ experiences can be linguistically and cognitively manifested. As a soft word or expression which is used to denote to things about which people may find disappointing or embarrassing to talk, euphemistic expressions enable to say something impossible possible. Introspection as a deep understanding of any language speaker to his/her language system on any talks is used as the data analyzing method. Research data is taken from online mass media. The research data focuses on politically related euphemistic expressions. The accounts of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) are used to give insights into the cognitive mechanism of euphemistic expressions. Political euphemistic expressions are logically intelligible. The research findings demonstrate that there are two basic motivations of euphemizing political expressions. The two are function and characteristics. The internalization of language speaker to the primordial nature of something to euphemize is the key to understand the way to construct the euphemistic expressions.

Irse y quedarse. Expresiones metafóricas y eufemísticas de la muerte en español y latín

El tema de la muerte ha generado en todas las lenguas abundante léxico. El temor a nombrar algo que nos aterra obliga a buscar nuevos términos. Por ello se crean nuevas palabras pero, sobre todo, algunas ya existentes adquieren nuevos valores metafóricamente. Estudiamos aquí cómo el español y el latín epigráfico proporcionaron nuevas formas de expresión en el campo semántico de morir.

Euphemism Forms in the Deddy Corbuzier’s Youtube Account Comment Column

This study aims to describe the form of euphemism in the comments column of Deddy Corbuzier's Youtube account. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique in this study was the listening technique and the note-taking technique. This study uses a content analysis approach. The data from this study are expressions in the form of words, sentences, and phrases that contain euphemisms contained in the comments column of Deddy Corbuzier's Youtube account. Speech analysis technique in this study uses the equivalent method. This study found 25 data in the form of euphemistic expressions contained in the comments column of Deddy Corbuzier's Youtube account. From the 25 data, there are 10 forms of euphemisms, namely: (1) metaphorical euphemisms where words are ignored and like knights, (2) figurative forms of expression euphemisms include the word natural selection and carrying out a mandate, (3) circumlocutionary euphemisms include the word children of the nation, formality. , and extraordinary, (4) euphemisms in the form of idiomatic phrases include humble words, brilliant thoughts, rare, and right-handed, (5) euphemisms in hyperbole form include words bitter, salty and enlightening thoughts, (6) euphemisms in the form of leasing have formula words ( special) and (angel) protectors, (7) euphemisms in the form of foreign terms include the words low profile, legowo and smart people, (8) euphemisms in the form of one word replacing another word with the word wow, building generations, and begging, (9) euphemisms of the form uptake contains the words salute and appreciation, and (10) euphemisms in the abbreviated form include the words UKT and PJJ.

Antikapitalisme dalam Antologi Puisi “Nyanyian Akar Rumput” Karya Wiji Tukul dan Kontribusinya terhadap Pembelajaran Puisi di SMA Kelas X (Analisis Wacana Kritis)

Abstract. This research is a qualitative descriptive study that carefully analyzes the poetry anthology of Nyanyian Akar Rumput by Wiji Tukul. The purpose of this study was to describe the form of vocabulary, grammar, and text structure of anti-capitalism in Wiji Tukul's poetry anthology Nyanyian Roots and its contribution to poetry learning in SMA Class X. The instrument of this research was research worksheets and researchers. The data of this research are in the form of words, expressions, phrases and clauses that contain anti-capitalism, while the data source used is the anthology of poetry Nyanyian Akar Rumput by Wiji Tukul. Data collection techniques are reading, documentation, and note-taking methods. Data were analyzed through data collection, data processing, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the analysis show that (1) aspects of vocabulary that contain elements of anti-capitalism include the use of synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms, euphemistic expressions, formal vocabulary, expressive values, and metaphors. These aspects can be used as a medium for learning poetry in high school class X; (2) grammatical aspects that contain elements of anti-capitalism in the form of agents, numbers, declarative models, grammatical questions, and our relational modalities. These aspects can be used as a medium for learning poetry in high school class X; and (3) aspects of the structure of the text that contain elements of anti-capitalism including one-way communication, interruptions, and formulations. These aspects can be used as a medium for learning poetry in high school class X. Keywords: Anti-capitalism, Poetry, Vocabulary, Grammar, Text Structure

Linguistic Taboos: A Sociopragmatic Analysis of Selected Menstrual Euphemisms Employed by Girls/Women in Public Conversations in Cameroon

This paper attempts a sociopragmatic analysis of selected menstrual euphemisms that girls/women in Cameroon employ when making reference to menstruation in public conversations. In the paper, we argue that, within national and international legal frameworks, the linguistic taboos imposed on public menstrual discourse by some cultures in the Cameroonian society constitute a serious threat to the freedom of expression as a fundamental human right. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to 127 female students at the University of Buea and Biaka University Institute of Buea. Data collected were analysed thematically, and the study was guided by Brown and Levinson’s (1987) Politeness Theory. Findings from our analysis of data collected reveal that the euphemistic expressions employed by girls/women in public conversations on menstruation evoke different themes that carry both positive and negative connotations. However, a large majority of the euphemistic expressions identified in this study carry positive connotations. This implies that girls/women who employ such usages in menstrual discourse have a positive perception of and attitude toward menstruation, unlike others who see it as a nuisance, as seen in menstrual euphemisms that carry negative connotations. In the light of these findings, we recommend that children (both males and females) be properly educated on menstruation in their pre-puberty years in order to help eliminate erroneous beliefs and myths about menstruation. Such education can contribute to eradicating unfair linguistic taboos imposed on public menstrual discourse.

EUPHEMISM AND DYSPHEMISM STRATEGIES IN DONALD TRUMP’S SPEECH AT SOTU 2020

In this article, the researchers aim to explain the types and functions of the use of expressions of euphemism and dysphemism in President Donald Trump's speeches at the State of the Union Address 2020. With Donald Trump's controversial background and many of his statements attracting attention, researchers assume that Trump uses many expressions of euphemism and dysphemism in his speech. This study uses Allan's and Burridge's (1991) theoretical framework on euphemism and dysphemism as the base for data analysis. This study's data were taken from Trump's utterances in his speech. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method to carry out in-depth analysis. The results of this study indicate that there are eight types of euphemistic expressions, five types of dysphemism, eight functions of euphemisms, and six functions of dysphemism.

Euphemism from a Politeness Perspective: An Exploration of the ability of Iraqi EFL learners to Use and Comprehend Euphemistic Expressions

Euphemisms are advantageous in people’s social life by turning sensitive into a more acceptable ones so that resentful feelings and embarrassment can be avoided. This study investigates the ability of Iraqi English learners in using euphemistic expressions, meanwhile, raising their awareness and the faculty members in English teaching faculties regarding the relevance of discussing the topics that demand euphemisation. This study comprised three stages: initial test, explicit instruction with activities, and a final test for the students’ development in this domain. A test has been distributed among 50 respondents, who are at the fourth year of their undergraduate study at the University of Babylon/ College of Basic Education. The low rate of producing and recognising euphemisms in the first stage of the study, it is concluded that Iraqi students that the course design in the foreign context is inadequate. After consistent training during the second stage, students have shown significant development in mastering these expressions.

On ulug oglum agrïp yok bolča in the Bilgä Kagan Inscription

AbstractThis paper attempts to give new explanation for the expression agrïp yok bol- occurring in 9th line of the south side of the Bilgä Kagan Inscription. After a thorough survey of former research and several Chinese sources, the authors came to the conclusion that this expression must be a euphemistic expression for being beheaded in a battle. The authors found also that kog säŋün was Guo Yingjie 郭英傑. In sum, the sentence in question is to be read as ulug oglum agrïp yok bolča kog säŋünüg balbal tikä bertim ‘When my oldest son died of a disease, I readily erected General Kog as a balbal (for him).’ The expression agrïp yok bol- is to be regarded as a euphemistic expression for being beheaded in a battle.

El eufemismo y sus valores culturales en <em>Sueño en el pabellón rojo</em>

Este artículo es una aproximación a la novela Sueño en el pabellón rojo, de Cao Xueqin, desde una perspectiva cultural. Se revisa el entorno histórico, la biografía del autor y los valores literarios de la novela. Se recupera el lenguaje eufemístico al que recurren los personajes para esbozar un retrato veraz de la sociedad feudal de finales de la dinastía Qing extendido a la política, el carácter nacional, el sexo y el matrimonio, las costumbres, la religión y el estilo literario. El objetivo es indagar en las expresiones eufemísticas, que incluyen variadas categorías de tabú, así como complementar las carencias de conocimiento y lograr una mayor compensación en el nivel cultural relativo al contenido de esta novela.

Functions of Code-Switching in a Private Chat on Facebook

Code switching is a significant language feature of the multilingual countries like Pakistan. The term code switching refers to the shift from one language to another. The main objective of this research is to explore the communicative functions of code switching by multilingual Sindhi speaking wife and husband in an inbox chat on Facebook. Applying the qualitative methodology, the data of one year chat was collected and varieties of functions using code switching theory of Blom and Gumperz (1972) as the theoretical framework. The findings of the study elucidate that Sindhi educated multilingual heavily utilize code switching for various communicative purposes like indexing identity, quotation, rephrasing, selfcorrection, metalinguistic, reported speech, idiomatic expressions, translation, expressing anger, humour, and euphemistic expressions in order to achieve their communicative goals.

THE USE OF EUPHEMISM IN DONALD TRUMP AMERICAN ARABIC SUMMIT SPEECH

Euphemism is a language phenomenon that exists in society. As social beings, human uses a language to communicate each other. This is for delivering a message or information from one to another without miss the idea, opinion, or feeling. The speaker can use the euphemistic expression during delivering the message to reach a certain goal. Thus, it can be found in the middle of conversation, include in the special speech which has been delivered by a representative of nation (president). This study aimed to explain the types, forms and functions of euphemism that are found in a speech of Donald Trump in American-Arabic summit. This study is descriptive qualitative based on phenomena of euphemism in spoken language. The writer used the theory of Rawson to analyze the type and form of euphemism expression, and the theory of Sebkova to analyze the function of the use euphemism expression. The result of this study shows that there are four type of euphemism found in the speech of Donald Trump in the American Arabic summit (circumlocution, widening, metaphor, and abbreviation). There are six functions of euphemism are found in the speech of Donald Trump in the American Arabic summit. Euphemism may be used substitute bad connotation of utterance; euphemism may be used to protect someone or group of people of feeling shame; euphemism may be used as alternative for taboo word; euphemism may be used to neutralizing the unpleasant word; euphemism may be used to protect personal name or group; euphemism may be used to explain or exaggerate. The function of euphemism that is mostly used is explain in exaggerate way and avoid the word of taboo. Keywords : Euphemism, Political Speech, Donald Trump Speech.

Overcoming Cultural Constraints in Translating English Series: A Case Study of Subtitling Family Guy into Arabic

Subtitling and dubbing foreign animation in Arabic have been growing since TV screens reached Arab homes. This imposes stricter control and ethical supervision of the used language. This study examines the cultural constraints in subtitling the American animated sitcom Family Guy into Arabic. Family Guy addresses sensitive matters, such as sex, alcohol, religion, and politics, and so it is viewed with concern and caution in the Arab world. The researchers classified the cultural constraints in translation into three main categories: religious remarks, jokes & humour that revolve around proper nouns, and taboos. The analysis shows that the strategies used in translating religious remarks were scene deletion, words omission, and words omission with justifications. For jokes and humour, the translator opted for three strategies, namely, retain unchanged, retain unchanged with added guidance and retain unchanged with detailed explanation. Euphemistic expressions and word omission were the two strategies followed in translating taboos. The study concludes that the target audience has a vital role in determining the appropriate constraints on translation that go in line with their ideology and culture. Keywords: Audio-visual Translation; English-Arabic; Ideology; Subtitling; Family Guy

The Acceptability of Euphemisms Translation Done by Yemeni Undergraduates

This study aimed at exploring the challenges that Yemeni undergraduates face through a tailor-made scale of acceptability of euphemisms. Besides, reasons behind these challenges, and suggested solutions were given rise in this study as well. The descriptive approach was followed to achieve the objectives of this study. Translation undergraduates were, randomly, chosen from SU and UST to be the sample of the study during the first semester of the academic year 2018/2019. To collect the required data, the researchers designed a translation test and administered a questionnaire. The study results revealed that translation undergraduates encountered real challenges when translating euphemistic expressions. These challenges were mostly related to the cultural and pragmatic domains. The respondents believed that there were resolvable reasons behind euphemism translation difficulties such as the lack enough syllabus materials and training. The study recommended that undergraduates, instructors and academic institutions have to pay more attention to euphemisms while teaching translation courses especially English euphemisms.

Metaphors and Euphemisms of Death in Akan and Hebrew

In this paper, we analyze, contrastively, Akan and Hebrew euphemistic expressions for death using the theoretical framework of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory espoused by Lakoff and Johnson (1980). This cognitive approach enables to demonstrate the mitigating power of metaphors used as a dynamic source for euphemistic reference with the ability to conceal offensive and taboo aspects of the target domain. We have put various Akan and Hebrew euphemisms into five categories of death metaphors with the aim to contrastively establish similarities and differences in the conceptualization of death in the two languages. Our intention is to demonstrate how metaphors are employed as euphemistic device for speaking indirectly, unprovocatively and respectfully about death. This study specifically reveals how the Akan and Hebrew cultures, defined by their respective languages, share the same attitude to death.

Роль евфемізмів в іспаномовних ЗМІ в комбінації інформаційно-гібридної війни

This article describes the concept of „euphemism” in the Spanish-language media in the context of the information-hybrid war in the eastern part of Ukraine. We have investigated the ways of the emergence and spread of euphemisms in the sphere of the Spanish-speaking environment. We also analyzed the concept of "information-hybrid warfare", which is constantly used in everyday politics, especially considering the situation in the east of Ukraine, to designate a deliberately negative, inappropriate, informational impact of one state to another due to various psychological manipulations. In addition, in our research work we found out that Western media, as well as Spanish, usually use more laconic or simplified speech to present information concerning other states. At any rate, we figured out that most of the Spanish publishers try to be more delicate and objective in informing people of the country by looking at the situation from different angles. By analyzing journalistic materials contained in Spanish publicistic sources, we identified politically correct innovations, regarding the armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine, which were mostly adopted. Based on the example of one of the Spanish publishing house articles of Universidad de Navarra, we created a comparative table, based on which we divided the euphemistic expressions used by Spanish journalists into 2 main linguistic groups. The first group includes veiled expressions, and the other - the replacement of veiled units with words with a direct meaning in the context of the article, but still in a more relaxed sense. Eventually, euphemisms have become an integral part of military journalism in the context of information-hybrid warfare, which have gained particular popularity in the last decade.

Euphémisation du discours journalistique et cadrage dialogique

In the socio-discursive perspective of Bakhtinian dialogism, we examine some euphemisms that circulate in informative texts of the current French-language digital press. They build diffuse references to what is said in the doxa, summoning shared opinions and views. In the designation of an object, the euphemistic expressions turn out to be elements carrying external echoes that the speakers use a priori for reasons of self-control with respect to others. By relying on a semantic and pragmatic approach, we will see how the meaning evolves and the subject is minimized. Thus, the discourse oscillates between saying what has been said elsewhere and not really saying what is really at stake in discourse. In addition, the euphemisms appear formally without any distinctive graphic mark which isolates them from the rest of the utterance, whether they belong to the journalist or they derive from a reported speech.

The role of Euphemisms in Nzema Language and Culture

This paper examines the role of euphemisms in the context of Nzema. It however discusses the Nzema examples alongside Akan, a sister language. Euphemisms can be linked to bone marrow in the sense that they are inseparable from language just as marrow is with bone. That is to say, it is highly impossible for bones not to have marrow as they are already embedded or built into the bones for varying purposes. Inasmuch as a body without breath is lifeless, a language that has no euphemistic expressions can also be said to be inadequate with respect to its functional and stylistic aspects. We use language to communicate and euphemism is a proper language style that people pursue in social communication in order to reach an ideal communication effect. Euphemisms are used in place of some sensitive, unpleasant, disturbing and taboo topics. The Nzema data indicate that in this language (Nzema), these expressions (euphemisms) can be dichotomised into two categories based on the communicative function they hold. In the first place, euphemisms are motivated by issues relating to taboos and are mainly used to avoid affronting both speaker’s and the hearer’s face. Secondly, they function as a stylistic marker so that their use is not as a response to taboo topics, rather, are subtle means of expressing one’s thought which fit in the context of use.

EUPHEMISM OF SURAH AL-BAQARAH IN THE HOLY QURAN

This study deals with euphemism of surah Al-Baqarah in the Holy Qur’an. It was aimed to describe realization of euphemistic expressions in surah Al-Baqarah. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative research. The data analyzed were verses of surah Al-Baqarah which contained euphemism. The source of the data was taken from Tafseer Ibn Kathir Vol 1-10 in the English language with Arabic verses. The researcher is the key instrument of the research. The findings show that there are four the ways of euphemism realized in surah Al-Baqarah, namely direct, indirect, implicit, and explicit. The dominant of ways realized euphemism in surah Al-Baqarah was direct. It means that the most of euphemism to describe truth from Allah is real and Allah delivered messangers directly about the laws of Allah so that they can know the truth.Keyword: Euphemism, Taboo, Surah Al-Baqarah

The Analysis of the Euphemism: From the Semiotic Point of View

The present study analyzes the linguistic sign’s nature of euphemism based on the Saussure’s semiotic view of language. According to the arbitrary nature of the linguistic sign, no matter what linguistic signifier we use, we still associate this with the things it refers to. Although the euphemistic signifier and its taboo counterpart refer to the same signified, their function during the process of communication is quite different. Through the use of the euphemism, people can indirectly express something unpleasant or socially unacceptable and avoid making the interlocutors embarrassed or awkward. Furthermore, based on this nature of arbitrariness, it is possible that people can continuously create new euphemisms and substitute the old which lost its euphemistic expression.