Eupatorium Triplinerve Research Articles

In vitro and In vivo evaluation for anti-diabetic activity of Eupatorium triplinerve vahl in streptozotocin induced diabetic model

In vitro and In vivo evaluation for anti-diabetic activity of Eupatorium triplinerve vahl in streptozotocin induced diabetic model

Documentation of floristic diversity in Ponparakunnu hills, Kozhikode District, Kerala and biological activities of Eclipta prostrata L. and Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl (Asteraceae)

Documentation of floristic diversity in Ponparakunnu hills, Kozhikode District, Kerala and biological activities of Eclipta prostrata L. and Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl (Asteraceae)

Augmented growth of Cd-stressed rice seedlings with the application of phytostimulating, root-colonizing, Cd-tolerant, leaf-endophytic fungi Colletotrichum spp. isolated from Eupatorium triplinerve

The potential of plant growth-promoting endophytic fungi (PGPEF) in mycoremediation has received notable attention in recent years. Unlike other root-colonizing microorganisms, PGPEF colonization under Cadmium (Cd) stress is a less-revealed phenomenon. Among eighteen fungal isolates from the leaves of Eupatorium triplinerve, twelve were found as the species of Colletotrichum and remaining six belong to Fusarium based on phenotypic characterization. However, only two PGPEF isolates (ALE15 and ALE18) were finally selected based on possession of ACCD activity (~0.84 and 0.47 nM/µg protein/h, respectively) and higher Cd tolerance (1000 and 750 µg/mL, respectively). Moreover, the said isolates showed IAA production (~248 and 289 µg/mL), GA production (~86 and 88 AUs), phosphate solubilization (~165 and 256 µg/mL, respectively) under Cd stress. ALE18 strain was found to produce siderophore too. Molecular identification through sequencing of ITS region of both isolates confirmed their identity as species of Colletotrichum. Furthermore, FESEM-EDAX and AAS analyses supported their Cd bioaccumulation ability in mycelial cells that directly impacted to assist rice seedlings’ (IR-36 cultivar) growth under Cd stress. Successful root colonization was also observed through FESEM and fluorescence microscopic studies. Finally, the detached leaf experiment with six economically important crops assured their applicability on field-scale as non-pathogenic PGPEF candidates.

Augmented Growth of Cd-Stressed Rice Seedlings with the Application of Phytostimulating, Root-Colonizing, Cd-Tolerant, Leaf-Endophytic Fungi Colletotrichum Spp. Isolated from Eupatorium Triplinerve

Augmented Growth of Cd-Stressed Rice Seedlings with the Application of Phytostimulating, Root-Colonizing, Cd-Tolerant, Leaf-Endophytic Fungi Colletotrichum Spp. Isolated from Eupatorium Triplinerve

Coumarins and Polar Constituents from Eupatorium triplinerve and Evaluation of Their α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity

In our study of antidiabetic compounds from the leaves of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl. (Asteraceae), ten compounds were isolated from the methanol leaf extract. They were determined to be β-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), ayapanin (4), ayapin (5), thymoquinol 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), thyrsifloside (8), (E)-4-methoxymelilotoside (9), and kaempferol 3,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10) by using ESI-MS, 1D (1H-, 13C-, DEPT) and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) techniques. This is the first report of water-soluble compounds from E. triplinerve and compounds 6–10 were isolated for the first time from E. triplinerve. NMR profiling and HPLC analysis are fast and reliable methods to screen phytochemicals in plant samples. Due to their high concentrations in the leaf extracts of E. triplinerve, coumarins 4 and 5 could be fast screened by NMR profiling and RP-HPLC-PDA analysis. In the in vitro test for α-glucosidase inhibition of compounds 4–9, compounds 4, 5, and 7 showed the enzymatic inhibition of 40%, 46%, and 81%, respectively, at 256 μg/mL. An IC50 value of 58.65 ± 1.20 μg/mL (302 μM) was calculated for compound 7 which is lower than that of the positive control acarbose (IC50 197.33 ± 2.51 μg/mL; 306 μM).

Toxicity assessment of silver nanoparticles synthesized using endophytic fungi against nosacomial infection

Extracellular fungal extract mediated silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized using the endophytic fungi Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae isolated from Eupatorium triplinerve. The ETAgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible, FT-IR spectroscopy, and SEM. The antimicrobial and toxicity effect of ETAgNPs was evaluated using Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model. The life span assay and bacterial colonization assay using C. elegans confirmed the efficacy of the ETAgNPs against Staphylococcus aureus. The results revealed that the nanoparticles were nontoxic to C. elegans and decreased the mortality rate in C. elegans when fed with S. aureus. This is the first scientific report demonstrating the extracellular synthesis of ETAgNPs from L. pseudotheobromae and showed its efficacy in controlling S. aureus mediated mortality in C. elegans.

Evaluation of Phytochemicals and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Eupatorium Triplinerve

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Eupatorium triplinerve (Vahl): An Ethnobotanical Review

Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl is a perinial shrub native to Amazon rainforest of South America. Eupatorium triplinerve vahl belongs to the Asteraceae family, which is popularly known as ayapana. The leaves and the whole plant were used as traditional medicine in India and several parts of the world. This plant is propagated by seeds and harvested in summer. It is commonly used in Brazilian folk medicine as sedative, febrifuge, stimulant, anti-inflammatory and tonic. This species is found to be rich in secondary metabolites and are widespread in indigenous flora can provide cheap alternatives resources. This article summarizes the list of activities carried out or studied on the plant.

Gastroprotective and Antioxidant effect of Petroleum ether Extract of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl

The present study was designed to investigate the gastroprotective and antioxidant activity of petroleum ether extract from the leaves of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl in male Wistar rats. The animals orally received 200mg/kg of E triplinerve extract for three consecutive days. After 12 hr fasting the animals were treated with aspirin in a dose of 200mg/kg orally. They were sacrificed five hours later and the stomach tissue was subjected to histopathological examination. Extensive damage to gastric mucosal layer with edema and leukocyte infiltration of submucosal layer were evident in aspirin treated animals. However, the intensity of mucosal damage was very much less severe in animals pretreated with E triplinerve. The antioxidant activity of E. triplinerve extract was estimated in-vitro against DPPH and Nitric oxide radicals. A dose dependent antioxidant activity was recorded for petroleum ether extract of E. triplinerve. It is suggested that the protective effect of E. triplinerve extract on gastric mucosa may be due to its antioxidant activity.

Anti-nociceptive Effect of 7-methoxy Coumarin from Eupatorium Triplinerve vahl (Asteraceae).

Aim:To evaluate the anti-nociceptive activity of 7-methoxy coumarin isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of the alcoholic extract of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl.Materials and Methods:The shade dried leaves of E. triplinerve were extracted with ethyl alcohol and the extract was condensed. This extract was fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The ethyl acetate fraction was subjected to column chromatography which yielded a crystalline compound-A, which was investigated for spectral characteristics.Pharmacological studies:The isolated compound-A was subjected to behavioral studies and anti-nociceptive evaluation in mice by acetic acid induced writhing and formalin induced nociception.Results:The spectral studies indicated that the structure of compound-A complies with 7- methoxy coumarin. Pre-treatment with 7-methoxy coumarin reduced the number of abdominal constrictions in mice and decreased the time spent in paw licking and biting response in formalin assay. There were no significant behavioral changes.Conclusion:A dose dependent anti-nociceptive action of 7- methoxy coumarin was revealed by the present experiments which support the traditional use of E. triplinerve in pain and inflammatory disorders.SUMMARY Bio-guided fractionation of alcoholic extract of E. triplinerve yielded 7-methoxy coumarin.7-methoxy coumarin was evaluated for its anti-nociceptive potential by acetic acid induced writhing and formalin induced nociception assays.7-methoxy coumarin exhibited significant inhibition of acetic acid induced writhing response and the second phase of formalin nociception.The anti-nociceptive action of 7-methoxy coumarin revealed by the present experiments supports the traditional use of E. triplinerve in pain and inflammatory disorders. Abbreviation used: TLC-Thin layer chromatography, Kg-kilogram, g-gram, TXB2-Thromboxane B2, UV-Ultraviolet, IgE-Immunoglobulin E, s.c-subcutaneous, p.o-oral route

Studies on some Primary Metabolites Extraction and Quantification in Different Plant Parts of <i>Eupatorium triplinerve</i> Vahl.

Medicinal plant is most exclusive sources of life saving drugs for the majority of the world population. Laboratory evaluations were made assess the study of primary metabolites of various plants in selected species Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl. During the present investigation comparative study of primary metabolites Carbohydrates, Protein, Ascorbic acid, Starch, Sugar, Chlorophyll, Carotenoids and Total phenol of genus Eupatorium triplinerve were undertaken for study and all the their chemical composition. The leaf highest amount of chlorophyll-a (4.95gm), chlorophyll-b (4.05gm), carotenoids (3.29gm),ascorbic acid (41.13gm/gdm), sugar (3.92gm/gdm), starch(5.89gm/gdm)protein (67.82µg/mg), total phenol (84.00gm/gdm). The root lowest amount of sugar (2.00gm/gdm), starch (3.15gm/gdm), protein (60.01µg/mg), ascorbic acid (43.09gm/gdm), total phenol (65.13gm/gdm).

Studies on some Primary Metabolites Extraction and Quantification in Different Plant Parts of <i>Eupatorium triplinerve</i> Vahl.

Medicinal plant is most exclusive sources of life saving drugs for the majority of the world population. Laboratory evaluations were made assess the study of primary metabolites of various plants in selected species Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl. During the present investigation comparative study of primary metabolites Carbohydrates, Protein, Ascorbic acid, Starch, Sugar, Chlorophyll, Carotenoids and Total phenol of genus Eupatorium triplinerve were undertaken for study and all the their chemical composition. The leaf highest amount of chlorophyll-a (4.95gm), chlorophyll-b (4.05gm), carotenoids (3.29gm),ascorbic acid (41.13gm/gdm), sugar (3.92gm/gdm), starch(5.89gm/gdm)protein (67.82µg/mg), total phenol (84.00gm/gdm). The root lowest amount of sugar (2.00gm/gdm), starch (3.15gm/gdm), protein (60.01µg/mg), ascorbic acid (43.09gm/gdm), total phenol (65.13gm/gdm).

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil from <i>Eupatorium triplinerve </i> Vahl. Aerial Parts

Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl belongs to the Asteraceae family, popularly known as Ayapana .It is a perennial shrub native to Amazon rainforests of South America. Its leaves are used through infusions, decoctions, baths, and tea. It is largely used in Brazilian folk medicine as sedative, febrifuge, stimulant, tonic and anti-inflammatory. The essential oil from aerial parts of Eupatorium triplinerve was analysis by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Thirty compounds representing 98.24 % of the oil were identified. The major compounds were 2-tert-butyl – 1, 4-methoxybenzene (74.3 %) and b –Selinene (8.6 %). The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against ten bacteria (including Gram positive and Gram negative) and six phytopathogenic fungi. The oil exhibited moderated antibacterial and strong antifungal activity against all the test pathogens. The highest zone inhibition was recorded against Salamella typhae (21mm) followed by Shigella sonnei (18mm) at a concentration of 20μl/ disc on the other standard Ampicillin 20mg/ disc showed on average of 14-34mm diameter of zone inhibition against the test organism. The lowest antifungal activities were recorded against Macrophomina phaseoline, and Botryodiplodia theobromae. The highest Alternaria alternate (12000ppm).Further pharmacological and toxicology studies will be required to establish the therapeutic uses of this oil.

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil from <i>Eupatorium triplinerve </i> Vahl. Aerial Parts

Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl belongs to the Asteraceae family, popularly known as Ayapana .It is a perennial shrub native to Amazon rainforests of South America. Its leaves are used through infusions, decoctions, baths, and tea. It is largely used in Brazilian folk medicine as sedative, febrifuge, stimulant, tonic and anti-inflammatory. The essential oil from aerial parts of Eupatorium triplinerve was analysis by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Thirty compounds representing 98.24 % of the oil were identified. The major compounds were 2-tert-butyl – 1, 4-methoxybenzene (74.3 %) and b –Selinene (8.6 %). The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against ten bacteria (including Gram positive and Gram negative) and six phytopathogenic fungi. The oil exhibited moderated antibacterial and strong antifungal activity against all the test pathogens. The highest zone inhibition was recorded against Salamella typhae (21mm) followed by Shigella sonnei (18mm) at a concentration of 20μl/ disc on the other standard Ampicillin 20mg/ disc showed on average of 14-34mm diameter of zone inhibition against the test organism. The lowest antifungal activities were recorded against Macrophomina phaseoline, and Botryodiplodia theobromae. The highest Alternaria alternate (12000ppm).Further pharmacological and toxicology studies will be required to establish the therapeutic uses of this oil.

Antimicrobial bioassay-guided fractionation of a methanol extract of Eupatorium triplinerve

Context: Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl (Asteraceae), popularly known as Japana, is widely used in folk medicine, due its analgesic, anticoagulant, antianorexic, antiparasitic, anthelmintic, sedative, antifungal, and antibacterial properties.Objective: The present study evaluated the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of E. triplinerve extracts from different parts of the plant and identified the extract with the highest antimicrobial potential.Materials and methods: Extracts were obtained by maceration of all parts of plant, and subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation of methanol extract by partition column chromatography. The major chemical groups, saponins, reducing sugars, alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, and others were screened by standard techniques. The antimicrobial activity of the different extracts was performed by microdilution assay and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were reported.Results: Phytochemical screening of hydroalcoholic extract from all parts of E. triplinerve identified mainly steroids, coumarins, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, depsides and absence of polysaccharides and flavonoids. The methanol extract of leaves presented the highest content of coumarins and lower MIC values of 62 and 75 µg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. In addition, its non-polar fractions showed antimicrobial activity with MIC ranging from 16 to 125 µg/mL against Gram-negative bacteria, mainly Escherichia coli.Discussion and conclusion: Data showed that non-polar fractions of E. triplinerve methanolic extract has better antimicrobial activity and most likely depends on the presence of several compounds, such as depsidones, coumarins, saponins, and triterpenes on crude extract. The results can be exploited largely in research of new antibacterial agents.

Study on Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl from South India, A Rich Source for Thymohydroquinone dimethylether and its Antimicrobial Activity

The seasonal variations, composition and the antimicrobial activity of essential oils from the stem and leaves of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectometry (GC-MS), the components of the essential oils were identified by comparing their mass spectra fragmentation patterns, RI and by the comparison with the literature data. The oil content ranged from 0.25-0.40 %, with comparable in two different seasons. The essential oil obtained from the leaves and the stem was characterized by a very high content of thymohydroquinone dimethylether, i.e. 80.3-86.9 % of the total oil (higher percentage in stem) when compared with the reported values in India (20-40 %). Other oil constituents occurring in much lower amounts were β-caryophyllene (4-6 %), β-eudesmene (6-10 %). The antimicrobial activities of the volatile oil and thymohydroquinone dimethylether were evaluated against four bacterial and four fungal strains using disc diffusion assay method. The stem and leaf essential oils found to have significant antimicrobial effect compared to that of thymohydroquinone dimethylether. Hence the antimicrobial effect of the volatile oil could be attributed to its minor components. The E. triplinerve can be recommended for a new chemotype from south India due to the dominant occurrence of thymohydroquinone dimethylether.

Antioxidant mediated antiulcer effect of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl against acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in mice

PurposeUlcerative colitis (UC) is associated with tainted neutrophil infiltration, deregulated pro-inflammatory mediators, characterized by severe oxidative stress of the intestine. In the present study, an effort was made to evaluate the effect of methanolic fractions of Eupatorium triplinerve (E. triplinerve) (ET) on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in male adult mice. MethodsColitis in mice was induced with 3.0% acetic acid (v/v) in saline via rectal route. Pre-intervention with E. triplinerve extract (100mg and 200mgkg−1 body weight, oral) and reference drug ranitidine (50mgkg−1 body weight used as reference, oral) 4days before induction of colitis and was extended up to 8days. ResultsThe phase of inflammation before E. triplinerve extract pre-treatment significantly showed attenuated macroscopic damage, argyrophilic nuclear organization regions (AgNORs) count and histological changes. Similarly, extract also effectively detracts the activity of both Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels by enhancing the cellular antioxidant enzyme levels (Glutathione-s-transferase [GST], Glutathione peroxidise [GPx] and Catalase [CAT]) at the site of ulceration. ConclusionsThe E. triplinerve based therapy resolved that some constituents in extract have an antiulcer effect against UC at colon specific area through its inviolable radical scavenging activity.

Antinociceptive, neurobehavioral and antioxidant effects of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl on rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceEupatorium triplinerve Vahl belongs to the Asteraceae family, popularly known as Japana. It is a perennial shrub native to Amazon rainforests of South America. Its leaves are used through infusions, decoctions, baths, and tea. It is largely used in Brazilian folk medicine as sedative, febrifuge, stimulant, tonic and anti-inflammatory. Aim of the studyThe present study evaluated the putative effects of Eupatorium triplinerve on the central nervous system (CNS), including locomotor and anxiety activity, depression-like behavior, and antinociception and oxidative stress. Materials and methodsTwo-month-old male Wistar rats (n=7–10 rats/group) and Swiss male and female mice of the species Mus musculus (n=7–10 per group) were administered with 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg, 600mg/kg, and 800mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extracts of Eupatorium triplinerve (HEET). The behavioral assays included open-field (OF), elevated Plus-maze (EPM), and forced swimming tests (FS). The antinociceptive activity was verified using chemical (acetic acid and formalin) and thermal (hot plate) models of nociception. The oxidative stress levels were measured in rat blood samples after behavioral assays and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), nitric oxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in vivo. ResultsOral pretreatment with HEET reduced the locomotion in OF test (200–800mg/kg), increased central locomotion and open arms entries in the OF and EPM tests, respectively (600–800mg/kg), and decreased the immobility time in the FS (200–800mg/kg). It also reduced the writhing number evoked by acetic acid injection (200–800mg/kg) and licking time in the first phase of the formalin test (400–800mg/kg). In the oxidative stress assays, the extract decreased TEAC, Nitric Oxide and MDA levels in response to swimming stress induced in rats. ConclusionsThese results were indicative for the first time that Eupatorium triplinerve exerted mild sedative, anxiolytic and antidepressive effects on the CNS. Antinociceptive effects not related to opioid system and antioxidant activity were also observed. These results support the ethnopharmacological use of Eupatorium triplinerve in popular medicine.

Validation of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl Leaves, a Skin Care Herb from East Kalimantan, Using a Melanin Biosynthesis Assay

In searching for a new material made from natural resources that could be used as a whitening agent, we focused on the plants used for skin treatment by the native people of East Kalimantan. The methanol extract of the leaves of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl showed antimelanogenesis activity in a melanin biosynthesis assay. By activity-guided fractionation, 7-methoxycoumarin (1) was isolated as an active compound. The IC50 of 1 on mushroom tyrosinase was 2360μM (L-tyrosine was used as the substrate) and above 2840μM (L-DOPA was used as the substrate), respectively. Regarding melanin formation inhibition in B16 melanoma cells, the IC50 of 1 was 1780μM with 83% cell viability at IC50. Based on these results, we validated that the leaf extract is in line with the traditional use of the Dayak tribe in East Kalimantan.

GC–MS analysis of phytocomponents in the methanolic extract of Eupatorium triplinerve

ObjectiveTo characterize the phytochemical constituents of Eupatorium triplinerve using GC -MS. MethodsTen grams of the powdered sample was subjected to column chromatography over silica gel (100-200 mesh) and eluted with n-hexane, chloroform, ethanol and methanol respectively. n-Hexane and Chloroform did not elute much of the compounds. The methanol fraction of the Eupharbatum triplinerve was taken for GC–MS analysis. The analysis was carried out on a GC Clarus 500 GC system with a column packed with Elite – 1 (10% dimethyl poly siloxane, 30 × 0.25 mm ID × 1 EM df), the compounds are separated using with Helium as carrier gas at a constant flow 1ml/min. sample extract (2 μL) injected into the instrument was detected by Turbo gold mass detector (Perkin Elmer) with the aid of the Turbo mass 5.1 software. ResultsThe GC MS analysis provided peaks of eleven different phytochemical compounds namely hexadecanoic acid (14.65%), 2,6,10-trimethyl,14-ethylene-14-pentadecne (9.84%), Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 7-butyl-(2.38%), Decanoic acid, 8-methyl-, methyl ester (3.86%), 1-undecanol (7.82%), 1-hexyl-1-nitrocyclohexane (2.09%), 1,14-tetradecanediol (6.78%), Octadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediyl ester (19.18%) and 2-hydroxy-3-[(9E)-9-octadecenoyloxy] propyl(9E)-9-octadecenoate (8.79%). ConclusionsThe bioactive compounds in the methanolic extract of Eupatorium triplinerve have been screened using this analysis. Isolation of individual components would however, help to find new drugs.