Eulan WA New Research Articles

A critical appraisal of the u.v. spectrophotometric determination of the mothproofing agents Eulan WA New and Mitin FF High Cone on wool

A previously published method for the u.v. spectrophotometric determination of Eulan WA New (or Eulan U33) and Mitin FF High Cone used as mothproofing agents on wool is critically assessed. Evidence is presented which shows that this procedure is not sufficiently accurate for the determination of Eulan WA New (or Eulan U33) on wool. However, the u.v. spectrophotometric determination of Mitin FF High Cone shows no evidence of bias and may be suitable for the determination of this agent on wool. The preparation of blended wool tops for use as analytical standards is described.

The in vitro metabolism of Eulan WA New by liver homogenates from freshwater fish

1. The rate of formation of pentachloro-2-aminodiphenylether (5-PAD) from pentachloro-2-(chloromethylsulphonamido) diphenytether (6-PCSD) by goldfish liver homogenates was studied in a variety of buffers. 2. The highest rate was observed when the homogenate was prepared and assayed in phosphate buffer containing dithiothreitol. 3. The 5-PAD forming activity of liver homogenate preparations from a variety of freshwater fish (goldfish, carp, pike, rainbow trout, perch and eel) showed contrasting species differences. 4. These results could be correlated with information available on the toxicity of the mothproofing agent Eulan WA New (which contains PCSDs) to these fish.

Determination of the Mothproofing Agents Eulan WA New, Eulan U33 and Mitin FF High Cone on Wool and Wool Blends Using U.v. Spectrophotometry

A method has been developed for the identification and determination of Eulan WA New (or Eulan U33) and Mitin FF High Cone, used as mothproofing agents on wool and wool blends. The mothproofing agent used is separated by solvent extraction from a sodium hydroxide solution of the wool and determined by u.v. spectrophotometry. The possibility of interfering impurities should not be overlooked. Such interferences have rarely been encountered in the author's laboratory, but can be detected by comparison of curve shapes.

Insectproofing Wool/Nylon Blends — The Distribution of Insectproofing Agents between Wool and Nylon and Its Effect on Insect Resistance

A study has been made of the distribution of insectproofing agents between wool and nylon after their dyebath application to blends. The active constituents of Eulan WA New and Mitin LP displayed a much higher affinity for the nylon than for the wool. The partition coefficients (k) for these formulations varied from 7. 6 to 23 depending on the type of nylon present. Increasing the application temperature (from 40 to 100°C) and the treatment period (from 30 to 180 min) markedly increased k. Dyebath pH and the presence of levelling agents and dyes had little effect on k, but it was reduced by a nylon‐blocking agent. Perigen generally distributed evenly (k=1–2) between wool and nylon. Testing for insect damage revealed that Eulan WA New adsorbed on nylon made little contribution towards controlling the insect feeding damage to a wool/nylon blend. With a constant application level, the concentration of Eulan WA New on the wool component of blends decreased as the proportion of nylon in the blend was increased, but k remained essentially constant. Much higher application levels of insectproofing agents based on PCSDs are required for insectproofing wool/nylon blends than for wool.

Accumulation, metabolism and tissue distribution of the mothproofing agent eulan WA New in the Northern Pike Esox lucius

After a 4h dosing period with the mothproofing agent Eulan WA New in surrounding water, most pike tissues showed a high ratio of PADs (polychloro-2-aminodiphenyl ethers; minor components of Eulan WA (New) to PCSDs (polychloro-2-[ chloromethyl-sulphonamido] diphenyl ethers; the major component and active ingredient of Eulan WA New). Particularly high PADs to PCSDs ratios were shown throughout the dosing periods in pike liver. In a second experiment, over a shorter time course and employing purified pentachloro-2-(chloromethylsulphonamido) diphenyl ether (6-PCSD), the liver was identified as a primary site of PAD formation. Very high concentrations of PCSDs and PADs were found in the bile and also appear to accumulate in the spleen and kidney.

Dietary accumulation of the mothproofing agent Eulan WA new and its tissue distribution in the Northern Pike Esox lucius

Accumulation of Eulan WA New from a diet of salmon fry perviously exposed to the mothproofing agent resulted in high concentrations of PADs (polychloro-2-aminodiphenyl ethers; minor components of Eulan WA New) and PCSDs (polychloro-2-[chloromethylsulphonamido]-diphenyl ethers; the major component and active ingredient of Eulan WA New), particularly in the bile and spleen of the pike. Together both these tissues contained a substantial percentage of the total amounts of PCSDs and PADs in the fish even though together they constitute less than 0·1% of the total weight of the pike. Relatively high concentrations of PCSDs and PADs were also found with adipose tissue from around the digestive tract of the pike. High ratios of PADs: PCSDs were observed in most tissues following ingestion of dosed salmon fry, especially in the stomach tissue, suggesting that this may be a primary site of PAD formation during the dietary uptake of Eulan WA New.

Fate and distribution of the mothproofing agents dieldrin and eulan WA New in Loch Leven, Kinross, 1964–1979

Following the cessation of the use of dieldrin in 1963 and the subsequent use of Eulan WA New at the textile mill in Kinross, Scotland, the fate and distribution of the mothproofing agents in the Loch Leven environment were studied. Fish samples analysed between 1963 and 1970 showed a decline in dieldrin concentrations with a half-life of 0·56–0·82 years ( r > 0·87). Samples of water, sediment, zooplankton and fish were taken for analysis during 1978–1979. About 50% of the Eulan WA New remained in the soluble ionic form and was discharged into the River Leven. Much of the remaining 50% was associated with particulate matter and sediment. Less than 10% was associated with the biota. The samples were analysed using GC-ECD and GC-MS-DS with decachlorobiphenyl as the internal standard.

The uptake and metabolism by goldfish Carassius auratus of Pentachloro-2-[Chloromethyl Sulphonamido]Diphenyl ether (6-PCSD), the major component and active ingredient of the mothproofing agent, Eulan WA New

Goldfish absorbed pentachloro-2-[chloromethyl sulphonamido] diphenyl ether, 6-PCSD (the major component of the active ingredients of the mothproofing agent, Eulan WA New) from the surrounding water by branchial and cutaneous routes. The liver was the tissue in which the corresponding amine, and probable metabolite, pentachloro-2-amino-diphenyl ether, 5-PAD, was first detected. The 5-PAD concentration increased during the first 2h of the dosing period. The liver tissue is therefore a primary site of 5-PAD formation in vivo. The uptake and metabolism of 6-PCSD by the goldfish is similar to that observed in the pike after dosing for short periods with 6-PCSD. However, the goldfish provides a more suitable system in which to study this metabolism in vitro.

The in vitro metabolism by homogenates of goldfish ( Carassius auratus) liver of pentachloro-2-(chloromethyl sulphonamido) diphenyl ether, the major component and active ingredient of the mothproofing agent eulan wa new

1. After dosing goldfish ( Carassius auratus) for 2 hr with pentachloro-2-(chloromethyl sulphonamido) diphenyl ether, 6-PCSD, (the major component of the active ingredients of the mothproofing agent Eulan WA New) in the surrounding water, high concentrations of the corresponding amine pentachloro-2-aminodiphenyl ether, 5-PAD, were found in the liver. 2. This suggests that the liver is a primary site of 5-PAD formation in vivo. 3. Homogenates of goldfish liver showed a 5-PAD forming activity when incubated with 6-PCSD; this activity was destroyed by boiling the homogenate or by treatment with trypsin. 4. The activity was greater at pH 7.4 than at pH 3, 5 or 9. 5. There was no detectable corresponding activity in homogenates of goldfish spleen or digestive tissue or in the digestive tract contents.

High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Polychloro-2-(Chloromethyl Sulphonamido) Diphenyl Ethers and Their Impurities in the Mothproofing Agent, Eulan WA New, and in Water

High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Polychloro-2-(Chloromethyl Sulphonamido) Diphenyl Ethers and Their Impurities in the Mothproofing Agent, Eulan WA New, and in Water

The toxicity of the mothproofing chemical eulan WA new to frog Rana Temporaria tadpoles

Eulan WA New is replacing dieldrin as a mothproofing agent. Its toxicity to frog tadpoles has been assessed in a static bioassay system. Eulan, at various concentrations, killed tadpoles or reduced feeding—and subsequently the weight of the tadpoles. It is suggested that these effects could occur in wild animals accumulating between 1 and 10 mg kg −1 of Eulan.

Determination of the mothproofing agent Eulan WA (New) in fish tissue using gas - liquid chromatography following extractive methylation.

A method for the determination of Eulan WA (New)[active ingredient polychloro-2-(chloromethylsulphonamido) diphenyl ether (PCSD)] is described. The PCSDs are extractively methylated using tetrabutylammonium (TBA) ion, which forms ion pairs with sulphonamide at pH 10–12. This ion pair is subsequently back-extracted into the organic phase and methylated using methyl iodide. The methyl derivative of the PCSDs were quantified by gas-liquid chromatography using electron-capture detection.The coefficient of variation (p > 0.05) for perch liver was 4.82 mg kg–1±5.6% for between-batch extractions. The minimum detectable concentration for a 5-g sample was 0.005 mg kg–1 of fresh tissue.

The isolation and identification of polychloro-2-(chloro-methylsulphonamide) diphenyl ether isomers and their metabolites from eulan wa new and fish tissue by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry

The active ingredients of Eulan WA New have been isolated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The gas chromatography thermal decomposition products of the polychloro-2-(chloromethylsulphonamide) diphenyl ether isomers have been monitored and the chromatogram of Eulan WA New has been characterized. A method for the extraction, clean-up, and analysis of the isomers and their metabolites in fish tissue by g.c.—m.s. has been developed.