Euchema Cottonii Research Articles

SYNTHESIS OF REFINED CARRAGEENAN FROM EUCHEUMA COTTONII WITH VARIATION OF PRECIPITATING SOLVENT

Red seaweed, Euchema cottonii, is a kappa carrageenan source that grows in Indonesia's coastal areas. Carrageenan is one of the polysaccharides composed entirely of D-galactopyranose units. Besides being used in the food industry, carrageenan is also used in the non-food industry, such as in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, printing, and textile formulations. Various studies have been carried out to produce high-quality Carrageenans. However, the extraction process of carrageenan is quite complicated, and relatively energy intensive. The primary step in carrageenan production is extraction, washing, filtration, precipitation, filtering, pressing, drying, and milling. This study aims to optimize the carrageenan extraction process from red seaweed and characterize the physicochemical of the extracted carrageenan. Red seaweed was extracted using 0.6% of KOH, and the ratio between seaweed and KOH solution was 1:20. Extraction temperature was varied at 30oC and 80oC, and several precipitants, i.e., 96% alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and KCl were used. The results showed that the best carrageenan extraction process was at 80 oC of extraction temperature and using KCl as a precipitating solvent. From these results, the yield, water content, ash content, viscosity, and L value were 21.24%, 12.56%, 22.69%, 310.96 cP, and 97.93, respectively. Based on the Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) standard, the physical properties of carrageenan produced in this study are under the range permitted by this standard. The study of carrageenans by FTIR spectroscopy shows the presence of S=O of sulfate ester; and C-O of 3,6-anhydrogalactose; galactose and D-galactose-4-sulfate and the results indicated that the carrageenan was κ-type.

The Efficacy of Seaweed Powder Application for Enhancing Wastewater Quality in the Cepuk Textile Industry of Nusa Penida

Introduction: The traditional textile art of Tenun Cepuk from Nusa Penida is highly valued for its intricate designs and cultural importance. Nevertheless, the environmental predicament posed by the textile industry's wastewater, particularly due to dye-related contamination, is substantial and necessitates sustainable remedies. Seaweed powder shows considerable promise as an adsorbent for addressing dye wastewater issues within the textile sector. An essential aspect of this endeavor is to explore the dynamic relationship between different thicknesses and contact durations, as it is pivotal in optimizing the adsorption capacity and effectiveness of seaweed powder for treating dye wastewater..Method: This research, utilizing an Experimental research design with a Posttest Only Control Group Design, is conducted to evaluate the influence of an intervention on the experimental group as compared to the control group. Euchema cottonii seaweed, sourced from Nusa Penida, is employed as the adsorbent. Different thicknesses of seaweed powder, namely 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm, are added to tanks. Subsequently, wastewater samples from the Cepuk weaving process are introduced into each of the experimental tanks, alongside a control group. The process is allowed to continue for 24 and 72 hours as varying contact durations. The adsorption outcomes are then subjected to analysis, including parameters such as TSS, TDS, BOD5, and COD, at the Panureksa Denpasar Laboratory.Results: The application of seaweed powder as an adsorbent proves to be efficient in decreasing TDS, TSS, BOD5, and COD levels in Cepuk textile dye wastewater. The extent of reduction relies on the thickness of the adsorbent and the duration of contact. Increased thickness of the adsorbent results in a pronounced reduction in TDS, TSS, BOD5, and COD levels, leading to an improvement in the quality of wastewater and a safer environmental impact. Specifically, an adsorbent with a thickness of 15 cm effectively reduces TDS to permissible levels. Extended contact times also lead to a significant decrease in these levels..Conclusion: The application of seaweed powder is a viable method for reducing TDS, TSS, BOD5, and COD levels in textile dye wastewater. The thickness of the adsorbent and the duration of contact play a substantial role in improving the quality of the wastewater.

Development strategy of seaweed innovation product and marketing at UTARI cooperative, Bulukumba regency

Bulukumba Regency is one of the centers for seaweed (Euchema cottonii) development commodities in South Sulawesi. Seaweed has benefits for humans, among others, can be used as food, drink and even medicine. Therefore, the main focus of innovation or the aim of this research is creating new ideas which in turn will be implemented into new products and new processes using technology. This research was conducted from May to July 2022 in Bulukumba Regency. The approach method used in This research was descriptive qualitative in nature, involving 15 members of UTARI cooperative that produced seaweed products. Seaweed innovation products produced include seaweed meatballs, brownies, seaweed dodol, seaweed candies and seaweed drinks. Marketing of seaweed products was still local, mostly purchased by neighbors and motorcycles/cars passing by. Inter-regional marketing has not been carried out go out. Average sales/day of 10 cups of seaweed meatballs for IDR 10,000 - 6 pcs of seaweed brownies for a price of IDR 30,000 - 10 bottles of seaweed drink for IDR 8,000 - 5 pcs of seaweed dodol for IDR 10,000, and seaweed candy 5 pcs for IDR 10,000. The strategies that can be carried out by the UTARI Cooperative to develop processed seaweed product innovations in Bulukumba are increasing collaboration between UTARI cooperatives and stakeholders, improving the marketing system through digital marketing (social media), recruiting additional employees or members of the UTARI cooperative, and making processed grass sea products as special souvenir products in Bulukumba.

Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak dan Fraksi Makroalga Eucheuma cottoni terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Jerawat

Acne is a skin disease that often occurs in adolescence and even adulthood, characterized by the presence of blackheads, papules, pustules, nodes, and cysts on the face, neck, upper arms, chest, and back. Although not life-threatening, acne can affect a person's quality of life by giving a bad psychological effect in the way a person assesses, perceives and responds to his condition and situation. The aim of this study is to asses the antibacterial activity of the extract and fraction of the macroalgae Euchema cottonii against acne-causing bacteria, namely Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The extraction method used was maceration, using 96% p.a ethanol as a solvent and fractionation using the ECC method with three solvents with different polarity levels, namely n-hexane, ethylacetate and ethanol. The activity test was carried out using the paper disc and micro dilution method with the comparison antibacterial clindamycin. The results showed that there was no antibacterial activity from either the extract or fraction of macroalgae Euchema cottonii against the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes, but there are activity from the extract and fraction (n-hexane and ethylacetate) against the Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria with the MBC value at a concentration of 15% and MIC at a concentration of 5% (for the extract and n-hexane fraction), while for the ethylacetate fraction the MIC value was at a concentration of 10%. Therefor, the strength of the antibacterial activity of the extract and fraction of Eucheuma cottoni is in the weak category.

Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Hand Body Lotion dari Ekstrak Etanol Rumput Laut (Eucheuma cottonii)

Research has been carried out on formulation and stability test of hand body lotion from ethanolic extract of seaweed (Euchema cottonii). This study aims to obtain a hand body lotion formulation from seaweed extract (Eucheuma cottonii) that meets the requirements for the physical quality of the lotion, where the formula made consists of 4 formulas with extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15% and formulas without extracts. The evaluation of lotion preparations included organoleptic tests, pH tests, homogeneity tests and dispersibility tests. Data analysis was carried out by testing the physical quality of each formula compared to the quality standard of lotion preparations according to theory. From the research that has been done, it shows that the composition of the 4 formulas shows homogeneous results. The pH values of the formulas with extract concentrations of 5%, 10% and 5% and formulas without extracts were 5,8;5,3;5,1 and 6.6 (quality requirements 4,5 -6.6). Meanwhile, the pH distribution of the formula with 5%, 10% and 5% extract concentrations and the formula without extract was 5.2, respectively; 4.8; 4,4 and 5 (quality requirements 5-7). Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the formula with an extract concentration of 5% has the most physical stability that meets the requirements for the quality of lotion preparations.

Effect Of Commercial Biofertilizer Product Of Seaweed (Euchema Cottonii) Towards The Growth Of Pakcoy Mustard (Brassica Rapa L) and Dumbo Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) in Aquaponic System

Aquaponics is a technology that combines the cultivation of vegetable production and fish farming. The aquaponics technology also to fertilization to give nutrients to the plant to support of survival. In facts, fertilization done to plants is located on land. Fertilizing the plants that live in the waters are still very rare, because the waters as a growing medium that is considered to always provide sufficient nutrients for plant growth. In this research, using biofertilizer Euchema cottonii of seaweed. The advantages of biofertilizer seaweed is to have the content of macro and micro nutrients are complete. It also contains substances hyper Grow (PGR) plant (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abisat acid and ethylene).In this research to determine the effect of biofertilizer products of seaweed (E. cottonii) commercial on the growth of dumbo catfish (C. gariepinus) and pakcoy mustard (B. rapa L) on aquaponics system. The design of experiments in this research using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment used is fertilizer "AB mix®" 1% (A), without fertilizer (B) and the provision of products biofertilizer seaweed (E. cottonii) commercial 0,16% (C), 0,18% (D) and 0,20% (E). The main parameters measured were heavy growth of biomass, plant height pakcoy mustard (B. rapa L), growth SGR, length and survival rate of fish of dumbo catfish (C. gariepinus).The results showed that the dose of different commercial product biofertilizer seaweed (E. cottonii) gives a significantly different effect on the height growth of pakcoy mustard (B. rapa L) and the survival rate of dumbo catfish (C. gariepinus). The optimal dosage of commercial seaweed (E. cottonii) biofertilizer product in increasing the growth of pakcoy mustard (B. rapa L.) and African catfish (C. gariepinus) in the aquaponic system, namely treatment E at a dose of 0.20%.

Analysis total plate count (tpc) and organoleptic test on seaweed chips

Some seaweed in Indonesia has economic value, such as jelly-producing seaweed, namely Gracilaria, Gelidium, Gelidiopsis, and Hypnea, carrageenan-producing seaweed, namely Euchema spinosium, Euchema cottonii, Euchema striatum, algin-producing seaweed, that Sargassum, Macrocystis and Lessonia. This study aims to determine the microbial contamination on seaweed chips with total plate count (TPC) method and organoleptic test. The samples used were Sargassum chips and Eucheuma cottonii chips with variations in drying of seaweed raw materials. Seaweed chips samples were tested for microbial contamination. The number of microbial contamination on Sargassum chips was 2.6 × 102 CFU/ml and E. cottonii chips was 2.8 × 102 CFU/ml. Based on TPC analysis concluded that Sargassum chips and E. cottonii chips were both safe for consumption because the amount of microbial contamination does not exceed the maximum limit of the Indonesian National Standard, which is 105 CFU/ml. Based on organoleptic tests, Sargassum chips were preferable than E. cottonii chips.

Improving the growth of clove seedlings by the application of seaweed waste as organic fertilizers

One of the problems in providing quality clove seedlings is slow growth of clove seedlings and the unavailability of technology that can accelerate seedling growth for planting. Based on this, research has been carried out which aims to obtain the concentration and frequency of providing appropriate seaweed organic fertilizer to accelerate seedling growth. The experiment was arranged in a two-factor factorial design, four replications. The first factor were 7 concentrations of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF): 0, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, and 1500 ppm, and the second factor were frequency of application of 2 and 3 times every 4 weeks. The parameters observed were seedling growth (seedling height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, root length and root volume), chlorophyll content, wet and dry biomass weight (leaves, stems, and roots). The results showed that seaweed from Euchema cottonii can improve the growth of clove seedlings. The E. cottonii seaweed in 1250 ppm concentration and two times every 4 weeks can improve the growth of clove seedlings

Characterization and formulation of sunscreen from seaweed Padina australis and Euchema cottonii slurry

Exposure of UV light can cause skin rashes and sunburn, stimulating the formation of melanin. Long term UV exposure also can cause skin cancer. One way that can reduce negative impact of UV exposure is by using sunscreen. The aims of this study were to obtained the best ratio of seaweed P. australis and E. cottonii slurry to produce sunscreen cream and as well as obtaining sunscreen formulation with good stability. Creams were formulated consist of cream with different ratio of seaweed P. autralis and E. cottonii slurry, i.e. A (control), B (1:1), C (2:1) and D (1:2). The commercial creams product also used as a comparator (KI and KII). The best ratio of P. australis and E. cottonii slurry was showed on cream B (1:1). Sunscreen creams have a good level stability, with no phase separation of dispersant and dispersed phase, and also no discoloration. Sunscreen creams have at least 1 year shelf life as there was no phase separation after centrifugal force at 3,800 rpm for 5 hours.

Factors influencing the production of euchema cottonii seaweed processing industry in South Sulawesi

This study aims to find out factors the influence the production of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed processing industry in South Sulawesi. The results of the study show that the results of seaweed processing from the three companies in South Sulawesi is in decreasing return to scale, which means that the increase of output has a smaller proportion compared to the addition of inputs, the three companies are in a favorable position.

The chemical properties of seaweed for modify concrete

Seaweed is one of the natural sources usually use in industrial food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and fertiliser. A natural polymer material such as seaweed is found to have excellent bonding mechanism and also the critical factor to achieve sustainability. Malaysia is also rich with seaweed species like Eucheuma Cottonii. The future study was carried out seaweed species from Malaysia especially seaweed from Sabah. This research aimed to investigate the relationship of a few chemical properties namely physical properties, metal element content, microstructure image and chemical component of seaweed type of Eucheuma Cottonii for modifying concrete. This research is mainly base on experimental works. That powdered seaweed from Eucheuma Cottonii was analysis using Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Scanning Electron Analysis (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR). All the procedure of the laboratory work complies with the specified and relevant standard. The research had shown that Euchema Cottonii powder content suitable for metal and component to bind together with concrete. Concrete with seaweed powder is alternative to become green construction material for sustainable concrete

TERHADAP KUALITAS ORGANOLEPTIK PUDING RUMPUT LAUT (Eucheuma cottonii)

This study aims to determine the effect of immersion with orange acid and rice water to organoleptic quality of seaweed pudding (Euchema cottonii). Testing include organoleptics, determining moisture content, ammonia, proteins, carbohydrates and ash levels content contained in seaweed pudding. The research method used Randomized Complete Design (RAL) of 9 treatments and 3 repetitions. The results showed that for the color, taste, aroma, texture most preferred by panelists with was long immersion 36 hours, with the value of each of the color of 5,56%, 5,59% aroma, flavor 5,56 % and texture 5,86%. Treatment was long immersion 36 hours with orange acid has ammonia content 0,003%, water content 84,4%, protein content 0,111%, carbohydrate content 13,063% and ash content 9,62%.

The effect of temperature and time of extraction on the quality of Semi Refined Carrageenan (SRC)

Euchema cottonii is a good source of kappa-carrageenan and can be found cultivated in the Indonesia coastal areas in which one of them is in Banten Province. Carrageenans have many applications and are utilized in human food and pet-food industry. Carrageenans are also utilized in non-food industry such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, printing and textile formulations. Hence, the present study features on the cooking process cooking time and cooking temperature. The effects of these parameters on carrageenan quality such as gel viscosity and gel strength were studied. The process of extraction of carrageenan was conducted with variations temperature: 60, 70, and 80 °C and the variation of time: 1, 2, and 3 hours. Alkaline substance used was KOH with 8% concentration and the ratio of solvent to dry seaweed 8:1. From the present investigation, it was observed that SRC extraction reached the best condition at temperature 70 °C for 2 hours with the value of yield 30.20%, 5.90% moisture content, 18.34% ash content, sulfate content of 6.94%, viscosity of 190 cP, and the gel strength 714.45 g / cm2. The treatment of temperature and extraction time significantly affected the quality of the SRC yield parameter, viscosity and gel strength.

Fortification of seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) flour on nutrition, iodine, and glycemic index of pasta

Pasta is a nutritious and energy product which produced from the dough of wheat flour and water. It contains less of iodine and high of glycemic index. Euchema cottonii belongs of red seaweed is food substance that contains much of iodine and dietary fiber. The objective of this study was to know the fortification effect of E. cottonii flour on the nutrition, iodine, and glycemic index of pasta. E. cottonii was collected from the culture farm of E. cottonii on the Wongsorejo beach, District of Banyuwangi, East Java on April-June 2015. Wheat flour and pasta ingredients were obtained locally at shops of Pasar Besar, Malang. Pasta was produced by weighing of components, mixing, dough, milling, steaming and drying. E. cottonii flour was added on mixing process at 0; 7; 14 and 21 % of ingredients. The parameter of this study was the level of water, lipid, protein, ash, and carbohydrate (by difference), iodine, crude fiber, the total of dietary fiber, soluble fiber, insoluble fiber, and glycemic index, respectively. Data were analyzed by variance and the least square difference used to determine the difference between treatments. The highest concentration group showed more nutritious than other treatments. The characters of its product were water 6.70%, lipid 2.26%, protein 23.09%, ash 14.11%, carbohydrate 53.84%, iodine 3.71 ppm, crude fiber 8.02%, the total of dietary fiber 20.88%, soluble fiber 11.69%, insoluble fiber 9.19%, and glycemic index 44.45, respectively. In conclusion, the fortification of E. cottonii flour enhances the nutrition value, iodine content, and glycemic index of pasta.

Antibacterial Activity of the Red Algae Eucheuma cottonii Extract from Tanjung Coast, Sumenep Madura

<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Red alge <em>Euchema cottonii</em> is one of the biological source that has benefits. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of antibacterial red algae <em>Eucheuma cottonii</em> extract<em>. </em>Isolation of active compounds was performed by maceration method using methanol. The methanol extract was hydrolyzed using HCl 2 N and partitioned by ethyl acetate, chloroform, petroleum ether and <em>n</em>-hexane solvents. The antibacterial assessment was determined using disc diffusion method againts bacteria <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>and <em>Escherichia coli</em>. Identification of active compound was conducted by reagents test. The results showed that the best solvent to extract algae was methanol with 20.7% rendemen. The methanol extract 4% gives the highest inhibition at concentrations was 7.85 mm; followed by <em>n</em>-hexane and chloroform were 1.0 and 0.6 mm. However, bath ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extract depicted no inhibition zone. The identification test showed the presence of flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids and alkaloids in the methanol extract. The extract of n-hexane contained triterpenoids and alkaloids, while the chloroform extract contained flavonoids, triterpenoids and alkaloids.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keyword</strong><strong>s</strong>: <em>Euchema cottonii</em>, antibacterial, disc diffusion<em></em></p>

ANALISIS KRITERIA EKOLOGI BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT DI KABUPATEN SUMBAWA BARAT

West Sumbawa regency located in West Nusa Tenggara Province is potential areas for seaweed cultivation like Euchema cottonii. Currently, the center of seaweed farming activities located in the Gulf of Kertasari and Poto Tano. Market demand for commodities of E. cottonii tends to be increase, and therefore new areas of cultivation are required to be developed, through a study of physics, chemistry and biology of marine aspect is needed to assess the farming area suitability.The methodto determine the suitabilityarea is using GIS (Geographical Information System) analysis. The resultshowed thatPoto Tano District has 805 ha of suitable area for cultivation. While, Taliwang and Jereweh District consist of the area about 70 ha and 86 ha. Total land suitable for the cultivation of seaweed approximately 961 ha.

Effect of process conditions on the gel viscosity and gel strength of semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) produced from seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii)

Kappaphycus alvarezii or commonly known Euchema cottonii is a good source of kappa-carrageenan and can be found cultivated in the coastal areas of Malaysia, Philippines and Indonesia. Carrageenans have many applications and are utilized in human food and pet-food industry. Carrageenans are also utilized in non-food industry such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, printing and textile formulations. Currently, the Southeast Asian region is producing semi refined carrageenan (SRC). There are various works in producing SRC; however, there are limited efforts to develop the optimization of cooking process parameters. Hence, the present study features on the cooking process (alkaline treatment) where the parameters (concentration of potassium hydroxide solution, cooking time and cooking temperature) and the ranges are identified experimentally. The effects of these parameters on carrageenan quality such as gel viscosity and gel strength were studied. The optimization of cooking process parameters and the experimental design was conducted based on the Central Composite Design (CCD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experimental result showed that gel viscosity increases with the decrease of cooking time, cooking temperature and potassium hydroxide (KOH) concentration (% w/w). In contrast, gel strength increases as cooking time, cooking temperature and KOH concentration (% w/w) increases. From the optimization, the best conditions for alkaline treatment found were cooking temperature 80°C, cooking time 30min and KOH concentration 10 (% w/w) which are similar to current practice in industry.

PENGARUH FOSFAT (TSP 36) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN RUMPUT LAUT

During its growing and development, sea-weed needs nutrient from sea water, instead of light quality and also sufficient organic matter such as nitrate and phosphat. Phosphat is one of the essential organic matters for metabolism of plants cell and also sea-weed growing. This research is aimed to know the effect of phosphat (TSP 35) addition toward the sea-weed growing Eucheuma cottonii, which was done on Desember 2009 in Laboratorium of marine science, agriculture faculty, Trunojoyo university. The design used for this research is complete random sampling with 5 treatments within phoslat (TSP 36) concentration PO = control, PI =0,1, P2 = 0,2, P3 = 0,4 and P4 = 0,8 ppm with 3 repetitions. The result shows that sea-weed growing is affected by phosphat addition. Treatment PI is significantly different with treatment P3 and P4, and not significantly different with treatment PO don P2. The most appropriate sea-weed growing condition is gained from treatment P4 with value 55,33 gram, with daily-growing average value 0,53%. Kate Kunci: Phosfat (TSP 36), Euchema cottonii, growing.

Cyclopentyl and ω-5 monounsaturated fatty acids from red algae of the Solieriaceae

Abstract Detailed fatty acid analyses are reported for Agardhiella tenera, Anatheca montagnei, Euchema cottonii, E. spinosum and Meristotheca senegalensis . Capillary GC and GC-MS data revealed the presence of four unusual compounds: the cyclopentyl fatty acids dihydrohydnocarpic and dihydrochaulmoogric and the two monounsaturated fatty acids C16:1ω5 and C18:1ω5. The co-occurrence in large amounts of these four compounds among living organisms provide an interesting chemotaxonomic feature of the Solieriaceae.