ABSTRACT In the Markham Valley of Papua New Guinea, a Biomass Energy company is currently transforming the landscape by planting thousands of hectares of eucalyptus trees to offer a ‘carbon-neutral’ way of electricity generation. The company operates in concert with local Wampar landholders, offering jobs, land rents, and business opportunities. This large-scale land transformation from grassland to eucalyptus forests impacts social relations, especially those regulating access to land, and creates more and novel social conflicts within and between kin groups. By presenting four ethnographic portraits, I show how access to and exclusion from land, jobs and monetary benefits are differentially experienced, and how people negotiate these novel effects of ‘intimate exclusion’ occurring in their midst. There are clear trends towards alienation and exclusion of some people from land to which they formerly had access. Customary claims to usage rights are abrogated except for the primary owners of the land, and sometimes even members of the landholding lineages are deprived of receiving monetary benefits from these enterprises. Access to land, jobs and business opportunities are now governed mainly by social relations with the main decision-makers and proponents of the eucalyptus project.