Etymology Of Names Research Articles

LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE NAMES OF NUTS IN THE DIALECTS OF THE MIDDLE BUG AREA

The article deals with the linguistic analysis of the names of nuts preserved in the dialects of the Middle Bug area. The object of the study is the specified layer of botanical vocabulary. The subject of the study is the phonetic, lexical-semantic and grammatical features, etymology and spatial distribution of colloquial names of nuts, their varieties (including Juglans regia L., Corylus avellana L., Arachis hypogaea L.), fruits and cultivars. The sources of the factual material are audio recordings of vernacular speech, made in 74 settlements of the Middle Bug area during the period of 2014–2016. The article uses general scientific methods of research: analysis, synthesis and observation. The expeditionary method made it possible to communicate directly with informants and record live vernacular speech using a voice recorder. Such special linguistic research methods as questionnaires and interviews contributed to the documentation of dialect speech. The descriptive method was used in the analysis of colloquial speech, while the method of linguistic geography made it possible to illustrate the areology of the recorded floranomens. We managed to record and introduce into scientific circulation 54 floranomens (taking into account descriptive constructions, phrases, diminutive forms and phonetic variants of some words), including 43 names for Juglans regia L., its fruits and cultivars, 5 names for Corylus avellana L. and 3 names for Arachis hypogaea L. Floranomens for hazel and peanut were documented on occasion. At the same time, we carried out a multilevel linguistic analysis of the corresponding floranomens, taking into account their phonetic, accentual, lexical-semantic, and partially syntactic features; clarified the motivation and etymology of the names, documented their spatial distribution in the Middle Bug area. We have provided samples of colloquial speech that complement and specify the information on nut cultivation in the surveyed area and are also valuable in terms of dialectology, phonetics, lexicology, grammar, ethnography, horticulture, etc. We drew parallels between colloquial vocabulary and the vocabulary represented in the Ukrainian literary language. The prospect of further research lays in the continuation of the description of the names of fruit trees in the dialects of the specified area.

GIS-based relationship between pathway names and landscape. A multilingual case study: Euskadi, Spain

Place names determine geographic units in space, encapsulate the description of places where inhabitants conduct their activities, and preserve the perception of the territory in past times. The very definition of landscape impacts two interrelated concepts: human action and perception. On another note, traditional pathways are structuring elements of the landscape, bearing witness to the dynamic relationship between the territory and its inhabitants by connecting residences and workplaces. This work aims to assess the relationship between the landscape mosaic and the toponyms of pathways and roads gathered in the current cartography of Euskadi (Spain), a territory influenced by the existence of two official languages. Given the spatial component of the data, this analysis is conducted through geographic information systems. Firstly, a corpus of 3072 pathway names selected from current official toponymic databases is compiled, as well as the content of the first edition of the National Topographic Map. Subsequently, the semantic content of the corpus elements is examined, as well as the nature of their referential content concerning the landscape units obtained from the Atlas of Spanish Landscapes. The results show common factors in characterizing landscapes and the etymology of names. Thus, it is noted that traditional agricultural, forestry, livestock, and traditional industry activities shape the toponymy in the most populated landscape units. Meanwhile, references to the orography typify the more mountainous landscapes. Therefore, the geographical study demonstrates the existence of common factors that link landscape and toponymy, validating one as a study source for the other.

Is Rana pullus Smith, 1921 a junior homonym of Rana gracilis var. pulla Stoliczka, 1870: a nomenclatural analysis of nouns in apposition created by Malcolm A. Smith

The amphibian nomina created as nouns in apposition by Malcolm A. Smith are discussed and the etymology and correct names confirmed. The nomen Rana pullus Smith, 1921 is not a homonym of the nomen Rana gracilis var. pulla Stoliczka, 1870, as the first one is a noun in apposition and the second an adjective, and they show more than a one-letter difference as required by the International Code of zoological Nomenclature. The valid name of the species currently known as Alcalus tasanae is therefore Alcalus pullus. Furthermore, the epithets of the following nomina are based on nouns in apposition and should be used accordingly: Megalophrys hasseltii var. pullus Smith, 1921, valid as Leptobrachium pullus; Megalophrys intermedius Smith, 1921, valid as Brachytarsophrys intermedius; Philautus gryllus Smith, 1924, valid as Kurixalus gryllus; Rana cancrivora raja Smith, 1930, invalid synonym of Fejervarya cancrivora; and Rana cataracta Smith, 1922, invalid synonym of Odorrana hosii. The importance to follow the Point 5 of the General Recommendations of the Appendix B of the Code, to state clearly the etymology of names, is highlighted.

The Role of the Symbol in the Work of the Bronte Sisters (Based On the Novels «Jane Eyre» and «Wuthering Heights»)

The article focuses on the analysis of symbolism reflected in two striking works of the Victorian era: Emily Bronte's «Wuthering Heights» and Charlotte Bronte's «Jane Eyre». The work compares the symbols used by the specified authors (etymology of names and surnames, the image of nature, plots and images appearing in fairy-tale and mythological plots), search for images common to them. The relevance of the study is due to the increased interest of philologists in the work of the Bronte sisters, the desire of researchers to highlight the features that unite the works of both Charlotte and Emily Bronte. To achieve this goal, a comparative historical research method is used. The result of the study is a conclusion about the general fabulous and mythological sources in the symbolism of the fiction of the Brontë sisters, which characterize the individuality of each author, the specifics of each of the two analyzed works, but also allow determining their common origins. Both Bronte sisters, when creating their novels, somehow turned to various fairy-tale plots, mythological images appearing in Celtic legends and legends. The originality of the data obtained lies in the motivic organization and comparative analysis of the texts of the two sisters. The practical significance of the work consists in the possibility of using the research results in the formation of programs on the “History of foreign literature of the XIX century”, as well as in special courses on the work of the Bronte sisters. In addition, the results of the study will serve as a guideline for scientific research. The further direction of research involves the continuation of the study of the Bronte sisters' creativity, the reflection of the fairy-tale and mythological context in it from the point of view of comparative analysis.

Engaging students in research and self-discovery: An integrative and student-centered approach to History of the English Language

Abstract: This article illustrates how a student-centered, culturally responsive pedagogical approach to teaching History of the English Language (HEL) to community college students from diverse ethnic, linguistic, and socioeconomic backgrounds promotes self-knowledge and academic confidence. I outline how several areas—including language theory, etymology of names, language policy, varieties of English, and language identity—can be effectively taught at an introductory HEL level through ethnographic research and multiple-draft writing assignments. Throughout the article, excerpts of student writing demonstrate their engagement in ethnographic research with a focus on their own communities, revealing their experience-based knowledge and their viewpoints on language-equality issues.

Personal names in medievallibri vitæas a sociolinguistic resource

AbstractThis paper explores the potential of using a historical sociolinguistic approach to interrogate the extensive lists of personal names found in medievallibri vitæ. So far, these lists have mainly been exploited in historical and a few onomastic studies, with a focus on name etymology and personal naming practices. Both the linguistics of the names and sociolinguistic perspectives remain to date underexamined. In this contribution, we explore possible sociolinguistic research questions, and present methodological challenges and preliminary results on the basis of four case studies from two examples, thelibri vitæof Thorney Abbey and Reichenau. The case studies examine autographs, choice of script and language, and dialect adaptation. Our main interest lies in the modelling and explanation of graphic and linguistic variation in the names. Our particular focus is on the status of the respective vernacular languages involved (Old English and Old High German) and in the conclusions we can draw from these documents about their underlying writing traditions in general, and scribal training and practices in particular.

Paired membranophones of southern and southeast asia: varieties, functionality, semantics

The article is devoted to the comparative characteristics of paired membranophones in the musical traditions of South and Southeast Asia. Particular attention is paid to the representation of the binary opposition “masculine-feminine”, which can be traced in the art of the two macro-regions. The article describes Indian tabla and nagara drums, examines their genesis and etymology of names and references to these instruments in the ancient treatise tradition. The most important membranophones of the Southeast Asian region are the Cambodian skor thom, the Thai clong hak, the Vietnamese trong nha and the Indonesian kendang. The example of paired drums reveals intercultural connections in the musical instrumentation of the two regions-civilizations.

О традициях народной медицины аларских бурят

Introduction. The article provides a first insight into local and regional folk medicine traditions of Alar Buryats (once a part of Balagansk Buryats) nowadays inhabiting Alarsky District of Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug (Irkutsk Oblast, Russia) and clustering with Buryats from the western coast of Lake Baikal, the latter therefore referred to as ‘western’ or ‘Cis-Baikalia’ (sometimes ‘northern’) Buryats. Healing practices of present-day Alar Buryats include richest experiences of previous generations, the former largely determined by a number of natural and geographic factors and conditions of the forest-steppe zone that resulted in consistent combinations of economic patterns, such as arable farming, semi-sedentary livestock breeding, seasonal hunting and fishing. Folk medicine of this sub-ethnic group retains strong ties to shamanic beliefs to have survived the long decades and centuries of persecution. The research topic proves interesting enough since the region under consideration — like the entire Baikal Region — is characterized by a lack of Tibetan medicine influence to have resulted from Orthodox Christianity’s resistance to the expansion of Buddhism. This factor made it possible to preserve the unique ancient traditional treatment techniques, while shamanic healing patterns based on a mythological worldview also constitute a large unexplored area of Baikalia at large. So, local healing traditions remain somewhat understudied. There are only fragmentary data in some works on this subject. Goals. The study aims to analyze the available data on traditional healing practices of Alar Buryats — publications, archival materials, and field notes. Results. The article classifies a set of animal and plant medicines, methods of psychological impact, irrational practices, preventive healthcare approaches and shamanic healing methods. Special attention is paid to etymologies of names of certain diseases and dialect medical terms. An effort is made to analyze the nature of some diseases and phenomena in comparison to healing traditions of other ethnic groups with due regard of modern medical knowledge.

Comprehensive study of the toponymic landscape of the local territory: the area of the Ryazan villages of Dyadkovo and Vyshgorod

The subject of the study is the toponymy of the Ryazan district of the Ryazan region, which belongs to one of the concentration zones of the Old Russian toponymy of the region. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive survey of the toponymic landscape of the Ryazan villages of Dyadkovo – Vyshgorod with the identification of the most ancient layer of local names, their linguistic and chronological attribution. The sources of the material are Russian chronicles, scribal books, historical and modern topographic maps, as well as data from the author's toponymic expedition of 2021. In the analysis of the material, etymological, structural-semantic, formant, areal methods, the method of comparing linguistic, archaeological, geographical and historical data are used. The novelty of the research lies in the collection and systematization of the modern toponymy of the studied area, a comprehensive description of the Old Russian group of toponyms, identification of links with the territories of earlier Slavic settlement. It is established that the toponymy of this area does not reveal traces of a toponymic substrate, which indicates that the territory was fully developed in the past by the ancient Russian population. The etymology of the names is related to the traditional Slavic geographical terminology (city ‘fortified settlement’, Vyshegorod ‘fortified settlement on a hill’ or ‘city laid upstream from another city’, bystrets ‘small river with a fast current’, raka ‘river with a narrow channel and high steep banks'), Slavic terms kinship or Old Russian namesake (uncle "father's or mother's brother", personal name Uncle). The existing etymologies of names that go back to geographical terms are confirmed by the geographical realities of the area. The appellatives of Ryazan toponyms reveal areal connections with the territories of the basins of the Dnieper, Dniester, Desna, the Carpathian zone, and toponyms – with the Kiev toponymy. The study confirms the importance of conducting toponymic expeditions in the comprehensive study of the toponymic landscape of local territories, even taking into account temporary changes in relief, fauna and hydrographic network. The results of the study are of interest for historical lexicography, regional and interregional toponymy, toponymic cartography.

Old Tales for a New Gens. Alberic of Trois-Fontaines’ Grafting of History

Throughout the Middle Ages, waves of people came to the lands once been a part of the Roman Empire. At the same time, lands yet unknown encountered the successors of the Empire. These gentes sometimes preserved a long history of their paths to their new homelands. The Longobards, the Saxons, and many others had an origo gentis, where gods played an important role. These narrations were incorporated into a historiography that was almost entirely Christian.
 This article is concerned with the methods used to find harmony between the past and present by Alberic of Trois-Fontaines when writing about the Semigallians. The narrative of their origins used established motifs and themes that made it possible to include the invented history of the gens into the then-established universal history. This was done through the etymology of names or the erudite use of the writings of other authors. These new gentes were grafted onto the trees of old tales.

To the Etymology of Names in And(om)- in the Toponyms of the European North of Russia

The paper discusses a number of issues related to the origin of the stem And(om) that occurs in substrate toponyms of the European North of Russia, e.g. Andozero, Andoma, Andomozero, Andoba (historical Andoma), etc. The first section dives into the history of studying this element, covering the existing etymologies, their benefits and limitations. In the second section, the author sets out her own hypothesis, according to which, at least the toponyms featuring the extended stem Andom- can be consistently interpreted as a combination of the attribute An- ~ Saam. ænȃ ‘big’ and the determinant -dom ‘mountain, settlement,’ now found very locally on a small territory between Central and Northern Russia. Unlike previous explanations, this one assumes the stem should be split into An- and -dom components, and not into And- and -om, as suggested earlier. The author notes that the determinant -dom has not been distinguished before because of the homonymous toponymic final -dom(a), formed as a combination of the final consonant of the stem -d with the formant -om(a). Accordingly, it is assumed that the range of the determinant -dom should be wider than the identified small zone, reaching out further to the north where it overlaps with toponyms with the stem Andom-. The hypothesis is substantiated by some statistical data, as well as information about the physical and geographical characteristics of a number of places named with toponyms in Andom-: Andoma mountain in the Vologda region, a group of Andoma lakes at the base of the mountain range on the Kola Peninsula, Andoma river in the Kostroma region and three rivers Andanga : *Andom(n)ga in the basin of the river Yug having characteristically high and steep sections of the coast.

Names of botanical genera inspired by mythology

The present article is a part of the project "Linguistic structure of binomial botanical denominations". It explores the denominations of botanical genera that originate from the names of different mythological characters – deities, heroes as well as some gods’ attributes. The examined names are picked based on “Conspectus of the Bulgarian vascular flora”, Sofia, 2012. The names of the plants are arranged in alphabetical order. Beside each Latin name is indicated its English common name and the family that the particular genus belongs to. The article examines the etymology of each name, adding a short account of the myth based on which the name itself is created. An index of ancient authors at the end of the article includes the writers whose works have been used to clarify the etymology of botanical genera names.

A study on the etymology of the scientific names given to planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) by Ernest Marcus’ school

Leading zoologist and taxonomist Ernest Marcus (1893-1968) and his school described numerous new invertebrate taxa, including planarians, or triclads (Platyhelminthes). These authors rarely provided the etymology of names for the new taxa. In this paper, the etymology of 149 names of genera and specific epithets of planarians lacking etymology (or honoring people) is investigated. The etymology of most names was retrieved from original descriptive papers and from Eudóxia Maria Froehlich’s recollections, a fellow of Marcus’ school. It was discovered that the names were usually freely derived from words of the language spoken in the country where the species was found. Some names were motivated by an aspect of the biology of the species. Other names honored people or are arbitrary. The etymology of 19 names could not be retrieved and are only suggested. The origin of another 19 names could not be discovered, nor even their meaning. Knowing the etymology makes it easier to memorize a name and it is a way to preserve the historical and emotional aspects of the authors. Through the retrieved etymologies, the personality of Marcus can also be glimpsed.

Морфологические и функциональные особенности объектов паразитологии и их отражение в терминологии

The article considers the morphological and functional characteristics of some objects of parasitology, the etymology of names and the methods of their nomination. Knowledge of the history of origin, the realization of the word-building analysis of parasite names and understanding the semantic components of terms will help to make the educational process more interesting and more effective. The names of parasites are divided into several groups: the names, in which there are semantic elements, which indicate the names of diseases; the names, comprising the semantic elements of anatomical nature; the names, comprising the semantic elements of geographical nature; the names, indicating the connection of term with the history of its detection and containing surnames of researchers; the names, containing semantic elements, which characterize the exterior view of parasites. Besides, the article shows the connection of semantic association (metaphorical transfer) between the initial meaning of the term in the language — ultimate source (Latin or Greek) with the morphological and functional characteristics of various parasites.

A Tihanyi összeírás német előzményű személynevei

The German Personal Names of the Tihany Survey There are several such items among the close to 2,000 personal name remnants of the Tihany Land Survey created in 1211 that originate from foreign personal names. Of these, my paper focuses on examples in which etymological studies in-dicate a German language antecedent. Of course, the etymological perception of the names listed here is not on the same level, thus I discuss the names under scrutiny arranged into entries based on the structural makeup of the names and the level of probability of the origin. This way my paper includes 78 different personal name forms from the Old Hungarian Era in 45 entries. Keywords: Old Hungarian personal names, personal name etymology, personal names of German origin, Hungarian-German linguistic connections

“What’s in a Name?” Part Two

Inspired by the rhetorical study of William Subash on the dreams in Matthew 1–2 and Ansgar Wucherpfennig’s article on the Matthean genealogy, the author launches a new approach to the Matthean genealogy by studying the names therein. The study investigates the reason why Matthew selected these names and seeks to determine their function in the infancy narrative and in the Gospel. It is divided into two parts: I Part: 1) Matthew’s sources, 2) etymology of names, 3) the structure of the three parts of the genealogy, 4) additions in the genealogy. II Part: 5) the women in the genealogy, 6) changed and inserted names, 7) symbolic reading.

TaxonWorks: a Use Case in Documenting of Etymology of Generic Names in Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera)

The 3i World Auchenorrhyncha database (http://dmitriev.speciesfile.org) is being migrated into TaxonWorks (http://taxonworks.org) and comprises nomenclatural data for all known Auchenorrhyncha taxa (leafhoppers, planthoppers, treehoppers, cicadas, spittle bugs). Of all those scientific names, 8,700 are unique genus-group names (which include valid genera and subgenera as well as their synonyms). According to the Rules of Zoological Nomenclature, a properly formed species-group name when combined with a genus-group name must agree with the latter in gender if the species-group name is or ends with a Latin or Latinized adjective or participle. This provides a double challenge for researchers describing new or citing existing taxa. For each species, the knowledge about the part of speech is essential information (nouns do not change their form when associated with different generic names). For the genus, the knowledge of the gender is essential information. Every time the species is transferred from one genus to another, its ending may need to be transformed to make a proper new scientific name (a binominal name). In modern day practice, it is important, when establishing a new name, to provide information about etymology of this name and the ways it should be used in the future publications: the grammatical gender for a genus, and the part of speech for a species. The older names often do not provide enough information about their etymology to make proper construction of scientific names. That is why in the literature, we can find numerous cases where a scientific name is not formed in conformity to the Rules of Nomenclature. An attempt was made to resolve the etymology of the generic names in Auchenorrhyncha to unify and clarify nomenclatural issues in this group of insects. In TaxonWorks, the rules of nomenclature are defined using the NOMEN onthology (https://github.com/SpeciesFileGroup/nomen).

About the Etymology of Names of Some ‘나무’(trees)(1)

About the Etymology of Names of Some ‘나무’(trees)(1)

Imenoslovje in etimologija imen

V prispevku avtor skuša razložiti, na kaj je treba pri etimologiji imen predvsem paziti: treba je do zadnjih podrobnosti poznati narečje in pokrajino, kjer so imena, ki jih raziskujemo, ter zbrati čim več primerov (tudi iz drugih dežel). Prav tako je treba poznati zgodovino kraja, zgodovinske dokumente. Pogosto so lahko odločilne drobne narečne posebnosti. Ob slovanskih imenskih značilnosti pa je pri številnih imenih treba upoštevati tudi križanje z romanskimi in germanskimi.

Okoubaka Aubrevillei (Pelleg & Norman): A Synthesis of Existing Knowledge for Research and Conservation in West and Central Africa

Okoubaka aubrevillei is the largest parasitic plant known to man. It is a tropical tree species distributed within West and Central Africa. Concerns were drawn to the tree because of its rarity, disjunct distribution in all its native range, paucity of published scientific information and its hemi-parasitic potentials. This article gathered and synthesized all existing scientific information on the tree to provide a solid foundation for further research on the tree. This article provided detailed information on its name etymology, taxonomic history, and geographical distribution including new locations for the tree, ecological significance and behaviour within its range, supported with an updated map illustrating its distribution within West and Central Africa. The possible causes of its rarity in its range were identified and its hemi-parasitic behaviour was hypothesized. In addition, ethnobotanical uses of the tree, symbolism and dendrolatry, and its significance in modern medicine were extensively discussed. The paper concluded with highlights on prospects for immediate conservation, management and research focus areas for the tree species.