Etiology Of Ulcerative Colitis Research Articles

A SYNDROME OF PYOSTOMATITIS VEGETANS AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS.

A syndrome of pyostomatitis and colitis has been described and a series of six cases presented. In studying purulent vegetating lesions of the oral mucosa, a history of gastrointestinal disturbance should be considered. In view of the high incidence of colitis, it may be of value to carry out more careful oral and skin examinations in these patients. Because of the significance of psychogenic factors in the etiology of ulcerative colitis, 10,11 the importance of psychological background must not be overlooked in the consideration of the possible etiology of this rare syndrome.

Hypersensitivity Factors in Ulcerative Colitis

ALTHOUGH in the past many factors have been implicated in the etiology of ulcerative colitis, accumulating evidence indicates that ulcerative colitis may belong to the group of hypersensitivity diseases. Severe ulcerative, local inflammatory changes in the colon may at times occur in a sudden, explosive manner implying an acute hypersensitivity reaction. Numerous systemic changes may occur producing associated conditions such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, alteration in serum proteins, iritis, uveitis, arteritis, pyoderma gangraenosum, thrombophlebitis, erythema nodosum, arthritis, or amyloidosis; these also indicate a hypersensitivity state. Furthermore, it has been shown clinically that the most effective therapy for the quick control of ulcerative colitis is based on the use of adrenocorticosteroids. The results of this kind of treatment may be just as dramatic as those in the treatment of acute asthma or other acute allergic reactions. Although allergy or sensitivity to various foodstuffs has been suggested since the early work of

Early weaning in the aetiology of ulcerative colitis. A study of feeding in infancy in cases and controls.

Early weaning in the aetiology of ulcerative colitis. A study of feeding in infancy in cases and controls.

Aetiology of Ulcerative Colitis

<h3>Abstract</h3> Recent concerns about the reproducibility of science have led to several calls for more open and transparent research practices and for the monitoring of potential improvements over time. However, with tens of thousands of new biomedical articles published per week, manually mapping and monitoring changes in transparency is unrealistic. We present an open-source, automated approach to identify five indicators of transparency (data sharing, code sharing, conflicts of interest disclosures, funding disclosures and protocol registration) and apply it across the entire open access biomedical literature of 2.75 million articles on PubMed Central. Our results indicate remarkable improvements in some (e.g. conflict of interest disclosures, funding disclosures), but not other (e.g. protocol registration, code sharing) areas of transparency over time, and map transparency across fields of science, countries, journals and publishers. This work has enabled the creation of a large, integrated, and openly available database to expedite further efforts to monitor, understand and promote transparency and reproducibility in science.

Aetiology of Ulcerative Colitis

Aetiology of Ulcerative Colitis

Possible Role of Pancreatic Enzymes in the Etiology of Ulcerative Colitis

It is a common observation that patients with ulcerative colitis frequently exhibit remarkable clinical improvement following ileostomy. Weight gains of fifty pounds or more have been recorded. Since ileostomy diverts the fecal stream from the colon, perhaps some substance in the upper gastrointestinal tract initiates or aggravates the symptoms of this disease. Portis, Block and Necheles1 succeeded, by perfusing the colons of dogs with 1 to 2% trypsin solutions, in both acute and chronic experiments, in damaging the colonic mucosa. This was manifested by hyperemia, capillary hemorrhages, extensive hemorrhages of the mucosa, and surface necrosis of the mucosa. Ivy and Clarke2, however, did not succeed in producing any mucosal changes in six dogs by diverting the upper jejunal contents to the appendix. They state that their experiments did not rule out the possibility that the quantity or activity of the proteolytic enzymes of the upper intestine may be greater than normal in ulcerative colitis, or that the colon may be more susceptible in this disease. To investigate the first possibility, we studied the external secretion of the pancreas in a group of patients with this disease, using intravenous secretin as the stimulus. As a preliminary study, we undertook a series of experiments with dogs. Ten mongrel dogs were used. Under pentothal anesthesia a loop of colon with its intact blood supply was transposed into the duodenum distal to the ampulla of Vater with end to end anastomosis (Figure 1). This colonic segment had of necessity to be from the right side of the colon, inasmuch as the left side of the colon does not lend itself well to transposition because the blood supply to the left side in the dog cannot be interrupted without producing gangrene of the distal segment. These animals died or were sacrificed at intervals of two weeks to ten months (Table 1). In every case except one the colonic segments were intact. In one dog which lived for fourteen weeks there was moderate inflammation with small superficial ulcerations. These experiments confirm the findings of Ivy and Clarke2 that the dog's colonic mucosa can tolerate the bile and pancreatic juice normally present in the duodenum. Meyer and his collaborators3 have shown that the lysozyme content of ileostomy drainage is not abnormally high in this disease. We verified this in two patients.