Selective in situ growth of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) within polymeric supports under mild, aqueous conditions remains a synthetic challenge due to interfacial instability, uncontrolled crystallization, and MOF leaching. Here, this study reports a binding‐assisted strategy for the selective in‐pore growth of MOF‐808 within polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) hollow fibers at 30 °C. Alkaline hydrolysis of PAN introduces anchoring sites for zirconium clusters, while ethanol‐assisted solvation promotes MOF crystallization under ambient conditions. The spatial distribution and surface charge of hydrolyzed PVP suppress MOF nucleation on the outer surface, enabling uniform in‐pore growth with 34 wt.% loading and > 99% retention after ultrasonication. Post‐synthetic functionalization with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) imparts a strong affinity for Pb2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ ions. The EDTA‐modified composite exhibits a 2.5‐fold increase in Pb2+ adsorption kinetics compared to physically blended counterparts. A modularized 105 cm fiber unit effectively treats 1 L of a mixed‐metal solution (10 ppm each), underscoring the scalability and process compatibility of this approach. This work demonstrates a mild, scalable, and leaching‐resistant route for fabricating MOF‐polymer hybrid sorbents through spatially controlled in‐pore crystallization, offering a robust platform for water treatment and metal recovery applications.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its breakdown products, including adenosine, play key roles in regulating immune responses. Altered ATP and adenosine levels in blood may reflect the presence or development of various pathologies; however, their rapid metabolism and clearance makes accurate measurement of their concentrations difficult. Not surprisingly, studies simultaneously monitoring ATP and its breakdown products are sparse and show conflicting results, and the workflows used are difficult to implement in clinical routine. Here, we present the simultaneous measurement of ATP and its metabolites in blood samples from healthy donors by combining a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based quantification method with various procedures of blood sampling. We find that ATP and adenosine are best preserved in an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) blood collection tube containing ectonucleotidase and nucleoside transporter inhibitors. In contrast, inosine and its downstream metabolites are detected in a serum collection tube without inhibitors. Therefore, we propose the use of these two sampling tubes to obtain a faithful determination of ATP and its degradation products. Overall, our approach provides a valuable and reliable tool to monitor changes in the concentration of ATP metabolites that can be easily implemented for biobanking purposes in the context of clinical trials.

Abstract Batch adsorption and fixed-bed column studies were conducted to evaluate the potential of Schiff base-mediated chitosan beads for the adsorption of copper (Cu 2+ ) and nickel (Ni 2+ ) ions. Chitosan was crosslinked through a Schiff base reaction between the aldehyde groups of benzaldehyde and the amine groups of chitosan. Key parameters affecting the removal efficiency of chitosan-benzaldehyde beads were examined and optimised. Based on the kinetic analysis, it was found that chemisorption was the rate-controlling step during the adsorption of both heavy metal ions. This suggested that the electron-rich functional groups found on chitosan-benzaldehyde beads were able to form tetrahedral coordination complexes with Cu 2+ and Ni 2+ ions. Analysis using the isotherm models revealed that physisorption also contributed to the overall adsorption process. This study proposes that the adsorption of Cu 2+ and Ni 2+ ions onto chitosan-benzaldehyde progresses from monolayer chemisorption to multilayer physisorption, as supported by the well-fitted Freundlich isotherm model. The Langmuir isotherm model predicted maximum adsorption capacities of 81.76 mg/g for Cu 2+ ions and 30.34 mg/g for Ni 2+ ions, confirming the beads’ higher affinity for Cu 2+ ions. This preference is influenced by the electron configuration of Cu 2+ ions, which favours stronger bonds with hard ligands present in chitosan-benzaldehyde beads. The thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption of Cu 2+ and Ni 2+ ions was spontaneous and favourable, while being endothermic in nature. The enthalpy values suggested that the adsorption process was predominantly physical, aligning with the observation made through the isotherm study. The spent adsorbent was desorbed successfully using disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid salt (Na 2 EDTA). However, the adsorbent was not reused due to the swelling of the beads in the desorption medium. Despite this limitation, the fixed-bed column studies demonstrated that the breakthrough data were well described by the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models, implying good potential for industrial-scale application. Overall, findings from this study showed that chitosan-benzaldehyde beads are efficient and versatile adsorbents for heavy metal remediation.

Coronary heart disease is predicted to be the main cause of more than 470,000 deaths each year in Indonesia, along with stroke. Although therapy to treat this disease has rapidly evolved, the cardiovascular burden after myocardial infarction is still inevitable for most patients, especially if followed by history of other cardiovascular diseases. Across these problems, the author conducted a literature review on several articles with research designs of RCT (Randomized-Controlled Trials) and systematic reviews. Furthermore, the articles underwent thorough observation with a simplified approach, which ultimately left 8 articles discussing the effects of TACT (Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy) on post-myocardial infarction patients. Based on the results of the study, we found a significant decrease in the percentage of primary endpoints and secondary endpoints, especially in post-myocardial infarction respondents who had a history of diabetes mellitus, peripheral artery disease, and anterior myocardial infarction. The use of EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid)-based chelation therapy with a combination of high-dose multivitamins was stated to have a greater impact than without vitamins and/or with low doses. Excretion of vasculotoxic metals was also increased, especially cadmium and lead, which are risk factors for atherosclerotic plaque formation. However, further research is needed to evaluate the use of chelation therapy before it is used as a routine therapy.

Abstract Objectives Emergency departments are the units where hemolysis is most frequently observed, and blood collection from intravenous catheters increases the hemolysis rate. This study aimed to compare the effects of two different blood collection methods from an intravenous catheter (an adapter and a syringe) on serum indices, complete blood count, and routine clinical chemistry tests in an emergency department. Methods The study encompassed 104 patients from the yellow and green zones of the Emergency Department at Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Hospital. Blood samples were obtained from an intravenous catheter with a standard syringe and an adapter into serum separator tubes and dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (K 2 EDTA) tubes. Serum index, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), potassium, high-sensitivity (hs) Troponin T, and complete blood count were evaluated. Passing-Bablok regression analysis was performed, and the mean percentage difference was calculated and compared to target values via a Bland-Altman plot. Results A statistically higher hemolysis rate was observed when blood was collected with a syringe, compared to collecting blood with an adapter (p<0.001). When the results were categorized according to the parameter-specific hemolysis index, AST, CK, potassium, LDH, and hs Troponin T results were more affected by hemolysis when blood was collected with a syringe (p<0.001). The mean percentage difference for AST and LDH exceeded the minimum target values based on biological variation. Conclusions Using a catheter-compatible adapter in emergency departments may reduce the rate of hemolysis and provide reliable results for tests frequently affected by hemolysis.

This study evaluated the role of different root canal sealers and dentin conditioning protocols on Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic Network (PICN) post-and-core pull-out strength Eighty single-rooted endodontically treated teeth were divided into 2 main groups based on sealer type (resin-based or calcium silicate-based). Further, 4 subgroups were assigned based on different irrigation protocols: no conditioning (control; ), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 10% tannic acid, and 10% ascorbic acid. Milled PICN post-and-core specimens were air particle abraded and luted with self-adhesive resin cement. Pull-out strength was evaluated with a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way ANOVA α ≤ 0.05. Dentin conditioning showed enhancement in pull-out strength of PICN post-and cores (P˂0.001). Different sealers showed different pull-out strengths in all groups, with the superiority of calcium silicate-based over resin-based sealers. The mean pull-out strength of conditioned dentin groups ranged from 166.20 ± 14.74 to 233.50 ± 16.55 N, the highest values associated with ascorbic acid and tannic acid, while EDTA groups were the lowest among conditioned dentin groups. All were significantly higher than the control: 132.00 ± 14.75 N for resin-based sealer and 141.60 ± 19.96 for silica-based sealer. Dentin surface conditioning enhances the pull-out strength of customized PICN post-and-core. Ascorbic and tannic acids with 10% concentrations are preferred over EDTA surface conditioning. Different sealers didn’t show a great difference in the pull-out strength; however, calcium silicate-based sealers exhibited superior results to resin-based sealers. It is crucial to understand the role of dentin conditioning in the retention of customizedPICN post-and-core. Although all non-eugenol sealers are preferred for adhesive root canalposts, silica-based sealers might be preferred to resin-based sealers.

Association of low annexin A2 levels with venous thromboembolism in sickle cell anemia: A potential biomarker

The incidence and mortality of diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, and diabetes have increased in recent years. Along with limited treatment success, severe side effects of synthetic drugs are a major concern. Therefore, natural bioactive compounds are gaining attention as alternative therapeutic agents due to their efficacy and lower toxicity. This study investigated the protective and therapeutic potential of extracts of different parts of Onosma rostellatum, a plant used in traditional medicine, in terms of their antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anticancer activities. Antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, anticancer activities and phenolic composition of the extracts were evaluated. Methanol leaf extract showed the strongest activity in antioxidant assays, with the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (46.59 ± 0.03 g Trolox equivalents (TE) kg-1) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (90.74 ± 0.59 g TE kg-1) activities, while the root methanol extract exhibited the strongest 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging activity (453.86 ± 2.20 g TE kg-1) and the highest cupric reducing antioxidant capacity value (243.64 ± 0.49 g TE kg-1). The aqueous leaf extract demonstrated superior metal-chelating ability (32.59 ± 0.13 g ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid kg-1). Leaf extracts displayed the highest copper ion reducing capacity (94.64 ± 0.23 g TE kg-1). Ethyl acetate leaf extracts showed the most significant inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis revealed rosmarinic acid and quercetin as major phenolic constituents. In cell culture experiments, the ethyl acetate leaf extract demonstrated the most potent anticancer effect, with an IC50 value of 167.2 ± 0.32 μg mL-1 after 72 h. Onosma rostellatum extracts possess strong antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anticancer activities, largely associated with their phenolic components. These findings highlight the potential of this plant as a natural source of therapeutic agents. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

The escalating threat of Cr(VI) contamination in water due to rapid industrialization necessitates the development of effective and economical removal technologies. Herein, the synthesis of porous carbon adsorbents (MECs) is reported through a one‐step carbonization process involving ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dipotassium salt dihydrate (EDTA‐2K·2H 2 O) and an iron‐containing metal–organic framework, MIL‐100(Fe). MECs boast a high specific surface area (up to 1206.0 m 2 g −1 ) and magnetic properties, rendering them suitable for the adsorption and removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions. The effects of various parameters, including pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, contact time, and ion concentrations, on Cr(VI) removal are systematically investigated. The results indicate that MECs not only demonstrate high adsorption capacity, selectivity, stability, and reversibility but also achieve a maximum adsorption capacity of 296.0 mg·g −1 at 328.15 K within just 40 min. Furthermore, MECC, which was synthesized by directly carbonizing components MIL‐100(Fe) and EDTA‐2K·2H 2 O at a mass ratio of 1:8, can be easily recovered via magnetic recycling. Mechanistic studies have elucidated that Cr(VI) adsorption on MECs involves both physical and chemical interactions. This research provides valuable insights into the design of porous magnetic carbon materials for Cr(VI) removal applications.

Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Triton All-In-One Irrigation Solution: An InVitro Study.

EDTA as a potential obstacle to the detection of trypanosomes in anuran blood samples using Woo's technique.

Sixty Years of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Use in Endodontics: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Study.

Introduction: Biofilms are complex microbial communities, exhibiting antibiotic resistance that makes their inhibition difficult. Iron availability is known to affect biofilm formation. Biofilm inhibition can be achieved by altering iron concentrations. One aspect of this study involved the evaluation of the effects of iron salts such as ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), and chelating agents like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on biofilm formation. In addition, the study explored the effect of bioactive compounds from natural sources, including plant extracts and food waste derivatives, for biofilm inhibition and control. Methods: This study investigated the effect of iron salts on biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Additionally, methanolic extracts of food wastes of onion, potato, sweet lime, and banana peels were screened for their antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity. Biofilm quantification was performed using crystal violet (CV) staining assays. Results: 50 μM of Ferrous sulphate and EDTA was used, which significantly inhibited biofilm formation in both S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli. DH5α FAC increased E. coli DH5α biofilm formation by 27%, while decreasing S. aureus ATCC 25923 biofilms by 48%. In contrast, the addition of Ferrous Sulphate led to a 61.12% reduction in E. coli DH5α biofilm. EDTA, an iron chelator, significantly reduced biofilm formation in both S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli DH5α by 64% and 63%, respectively. Food waste extracts exhibited varying degrees of biofilm inhibition: hot onion extract showed a 63% reduction in E. coli DH5α biofilm, while its cold counterpart reduced E. coli DH5α and S. aureus ATCC 25923 biofilms by 36% and 27%, respectively. Cold banana extracts inhibited E. coli DH5α biofilm by 72%, and potato extracts (hot and cold) reduced E. coli DH5α biofilm by 76.30% and 77.70%, and S. aureus ATCC 25923 by 59% and 32.04%, respectively. Sweet lime hot extract reduced S. aureus ATCC 25923 biofilms by 42.30%, whereas its cold extract led to enhanced biofilm formation. Discussion: The findings demonstrate that both iron modulation and natural bioactive compounds derived from food wastes affect the dynamics of biofilms differently in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Iron limitation and chelation effectively disrupted biofilm establishment, while metabolites from food wastes exerted additional inhibitory effects, highlighting an eco-friendly approach to biofilm control. The variations in the effects of different extracts suggest that the stability of bioactive compounds and temperature play crucial roles in biofilm inhibition. Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that iron modulation and the use of bioactive compounds derived from food waste can effectively inhibit biofilm formation. These findings suggest sustainable strategies for biofilm control and could aid in developing alternative antimicrobial approaches.

Unlocking the dual resource potential of waste activated sludge: Insights into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-chelation driven methanogenesis and phosphorus mobilization mechanisms.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate how various surface treatments impact the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of a self-adhesive bulk-fill composite resin to cut and uncut enamel.Materials and Methods: Eighty sound human third molars were collected in this in vitro study. Forty were prepared to create cut enamel surfaces, and 40 were left uncut. Each group was randomly divided into four subgroups (n=10) according to the type of surface treatment: no treatment (control), 18% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), All-Bond Universal adhesive in etch-and-rinse (E&R) mode, and All-Bond Universal adhesive in self-etch (SE) mode. Surefil One self-adhesive bulk-fill composite resin was bonded to enamel, and μSBS was measured after 24 hours. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test (alpha=0.05).Results: Two-way ANOVA showed significant main effects of enamel preparation (P<0.001) and surface pretreatment (P<0.001), as well as their significant interaction effect (P=0.005) on μSBS. Cut enamel exhibited a higher mean μSBS (7.12±2.66MPa) than uncut enamel (5.88±2.70MPa; P=0.019). Universal adhesive application in E&R mode yielded the highest μSBS, followed by the SE mode; whereas, EDTA and no-treatment groups showed the lowest μSBS values.Conclusion: Cut enamel samples exhibited a greater μSBS in comparison to uncut samples. The highest μSBS values were observed when both cut and uncut enamel surfaces received pretreatment with a universal adhesive applied in E&R mode.

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe effects of lipidome on longevity and the role of metabolites in between have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to assess the causal effects of lipidome on longevity and the mediated effects of metabolites using Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsData on lipidome, metabolites, and longevity were acquired in the genome‐wide association studies, and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms meeting the basic assumptions of MR were selected. Subsequently, inverse variance weighted was employed as the primary method to analyze the causal effects of lipidome on longevity and the mediated effects of metabolites. Finally, MR‐Egger intercept was used to assess horizontal pleiotropy in the results. Cochran's Q and leave‐one‐out sensitivity analysis were used to assess the heterogeneity and robustness of the results, respectively.ResultsThe MR analysis showed that sterol ester (27:1/18:3) decreased genetic susceptibility to longevity (90th) by reducing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) levels (mediated proportion: 13.60%; mediated effect: −0.020, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.039 to −0.002, p = 0.033); triacylglycerol (52:2) decreased genetic susceptibility to longevity (90th) by reducing EDTA levels (mediated proportion: 11.20%; mediated effect: −0.025, 95% CI −0.045 to −0.004, p = 0.020); triacylglycerol (54:5) decreased genetic susceptibility to longevity (90th) by increasing 1‐arachidonoyl‐gpc (20:4n6) levels (mediated proportion:8.37%; mediated effect: −0.010, 95% CI −0.021 to −9.44e‐05, p = 0.048); phosphatidylcholine (O‐16:0_18:2) increased genetic susceptibility to longevity (90th) by increasing EDTA levels (mediated proportion: 22.10%; mediated effect: 0.029, 95% CI 0.007–0.050, p = 0.008). MR‐Egger intercept showed that these results lacked horizontal pleiotropy (p ≥ 0.05). Cochran's Q and sensitivity analysis showed that the MR results had no heterogeneity and were robust.ConclusionThe MR analysis revealed four pathways through which lipidome regulates longevity via metabolites. Lipidome such as sterol ester (27:1/18:3), phosphatidylcholine (O‐16:0_18:2), triacylglycerol (52:2), and triacylglycerol (54:5), as well as metabolites such as EDTA and 1‐arachidonoyl‐gpc (20:4n6), may play important roles in longevity.

An innovative perspective on fermented foods: isolation, purification, biochemical properties, and evaluation of the flavor formation potential of meat protein hydrolysis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae L3 proteases.

Endotoxins are proinflammatory components of Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to test the null hypotheses that (i) there is no significant difference between continuous chelation irrigation (5.25% sodium hypochlorite + 9% etidronic acid) and sequential chelation (5.25% sodium hypochlorite - 17% ethylene diaminetetra-acetic acid) in endotoxin reduction, and (ii) placement of calcium hydroxide (CH) does not further improve endotoxin reduction in previously treated teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis. Previously treated teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis (n = 48) were randomly allocated to (n = 24) Group 1, sequential chelation (SC) or Group 2, continuous chelation (CC). Root canal sampling was performed with sterile paper points at three time intervals: immediately after gutta-percha removal (T0), following chemomechanical preparation (T1), and following 7 days of CH placement (T2). A turbidimetric kinetic limulus amebocyte lysate assay was used for endotoxin quantification. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare SC and CC at different time points and between different time points for each protocol. P < .05 was considered to be statistically significant. Both SC and CC showed significant endotoxin reduction from T0 to T1 (P < .05), while only SC group exhibited further significant reduction from T1 to T2 (P < .05). CC group demonstrated significantly lower endotoxin levels than the SC group at T1 (P < .01) and T2 (P < .001). This study shows for the first time that CC irrigation resulted in significantly lower quantity of endotoxins than SC followed by calcium hydroxide.

Synergistic effects of chelating agents and surfactants for chemical EOR in carbonates

ABSTRACTObjectives:To quantify the efficacy of final canal disinfectants, ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) Chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) used via different irrigation techniques, i.e., Syringe irrigation (SI), laser-activated irrigation (LAI) on smear layer (SL), and push-out bond strength (POBS) of root canal filling material to dentin.Methodology:The present in vitro study was approved by the ethical committee of King Saud University and completed in three months (April 10 to July 10, 2025). Forty-four fully matured, single-rooted human mandibular premolars were selected. After confirming the working length, the root canal procedure was initiated, and the canal was shaped. The teeth were arbitrarily distributed into four distinct cohorts based on final disinfection protocols (n=11): Group-IA: (EDTA-SI), Group-IIA: (CHNPs+ SI), Group-IB: (EDTA-LAI), and Group-IIB: (CHNPs-LAI). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) assessed SL removing efficiency. Root canal filling was performed on ten samples. The POBS and modes of failure were evaluated quantitatively with a universal testing machine and a stereomicroscope. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze data, p<0.05.Results:The Cervical third of Group-IIB (NaOCl + CHNPs-LAI) presented the maximum SL removal (12.36±0.56 MPa) and maximum POBS (12.36±0.56 MPa) of GFP. However, the apical section of Group-I (NaOCl + EDTA-SI) samples revealed the lowest SL removal (3.55±0.42) and minimum POBS (6.43±0.42 MPa).Conclusion:Chitosan nanoparticles activated with laser as a final root canal disinfectant presented better SL removal and bond strength of AH plus sealer to the canal dentin.