Ethylene Carbon Monoxide Research Articles

Synthesis and characterization of N-substituted poly(ethylenepyrrole): functionalization of ethylene–carbon monoxide alternating copolymers

The reactions of ethylene–carbon monoxide alternating copolymers with a variety of primary amines results in a new type of functionalized polymer derivative, N-substituted poly(ethylenepyrrole), containing a high density of pyrrolic units with versatile nitrogen-bound substituents in the molecular backbone.

Sonolysis of Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide and Methane in Aqueous Solution

Water was irradiated with ultrasonic waves under an argon atmosphere which contained small amounts of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide or methane. The yield of the products was measured as a function of the composition of the gas atmosphere. Maximum yields were observed at a few per cent of the added polyatomic gas. No chemical effects occurred in the irradiation under an atmosphere of pure CO2 , N2O or CH4. It is concluded that the gas mixture in the tiny gas bubbles, in which the chemical effects are brought about, is not in Henry’s equilibrium with the aqueous gas solution. The main product of the sonolysis of CO2 is CO, a small amount of formic acid also being formed. The sonolysis is explained by both the attack of H atoms from the sonolysis of water and direct decomposition of CO2 due to the high temperatures existing in compressed gas bubbles. The main products of the sonolysis of N2O are nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate. N2O enhances the rate of various oxidations such as that of iodide, nitrite and propanol-2. In the methane containing solution, a lot of hydrogen is produced, the main oxidation products being ethane, ethylene, C3- and C4-hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. A mechanism is postulated which involves both the attack on methane by radicals from the decomposition of water and thermal decomposition of methane. The local radical concentrations are so high that a methane molecule may undergo multiple radical attack. The similarity between sonolytic reactions and reactions occurring in flames is emphasized

Polyketones and polysulfones for conservation in the ethylene polymer industry

A series of ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymers have been prepared by chemical catalysis and Co-60 gamma radiation induction, ranging in carbon monoxide content from 41 to 49%. A correlation has been established between the method of preparation, the carbon monoxide content of the copolymers and the mechanical properties of the resulting products. Present evaluations indicate that copolymers containing ≈ 50% carbon monoxide prepared by CO-60 gamma induction have significantly improved mechanical properties over copolymers prepared by conventional chemical free-radical catalysis. Based on these results, it is suggested that further experimentation be conducted in radiation-induced copolymerization especially with the use of electron beam machines presently available to industry.

Photoconduction in polyolefins and in poly(ethylene–carbon monoxide)

AbstractThe ultraviolet photoconductivity of high‐density polyethylene, polypropylene, and poly(ethylene–carbon monoxide) has been studied in the range 360–180 nm. The response of the polyolefins is similar to that found in low‐density polyethylene both in spectral distribution and in time behavior, with hole injection setting in at 3.7 eV. There is evidence also of electron injection in polypropylene at 4.5 eV and higher energies. A copolymer containing 0.5% CO is similar except that the hole threshold is at 4.2 eV, but a 1% CO copolymer shows marked differences, with electron injection being dominant. It is suggested that the change is due to a shift in the Fermi level rather than direct excitation of electrons from carbonyl groups, but some inconsistencies remain in this model.

Anisotropy of the dielectric relaxation of a crystalline polymer

AbstractA theory which relates the change in the strength of absorption to the change in crystal orientation function is presented for the anisotropy of dielectric relaxation for the dipolar orientation change in an oriented crystalline polymer. Experimental measurements are presented for the α dielectric absorption of a stretched ethylene–carbon monoxide copolymer and compared with the orientation of crystals of this copolymer as determined by x‐ray diffraction.

Photochemistry of Ketone Polymers. III. Energy Transfer in Ethylene-Carbon Monoxide Polymers

Photochemistry of Ketone Polymers. III. Energy Transfer in Ethylene-Carbon Monoxide Polymers

Importance of the grafting reactions in γ‐ray polymerization of ethylene and ethylene–carbon monoxide mixtures

Importance of the grafting reactions in γ‐ray polymerization of ethylene and ethylene–carbon monoxide mixtures

Thermodynamics of crystalline linear high polymers. IV. The effect of ethyl, acetate, and hydroxyl side groups on the properties of polyethylene

AbstractCopolymers of ethylene with vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, and butene‐1 have been investigated by differential thermal analysis. The method of fast heating is used to approximate a zero entropy production heating path. The activity of crystallizable units in the melt, the crystallinity, and the a‐axis spacings are determined and compared with previous results for copolymers of ethylene and propylene and carbon monoxide. Carbonyl and hydroxyl groups form point defects, forming solutions in both the crystalline and amorphous regions. Methyl, ethyl, and acetate groups form large amorphous defects. The maximum melting point of polyethylene is calculated to be 142.6°C.