Ethyl Acetate Fraction Of Roots Research Articles

New Insights into the Phytochemical Profile and Biological Properties of Lycium intricatum Bois. (Solanaceae)

This work aimed to boost the valorisation of Lycium intricatum Boiss. L. as a source of high added value bioproducts. For that purpose, leaves and root ethanol extracts and fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) were prepared and evaluated for radical scavenging activity (RSA) on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and metal chelating potential against copper and iron ions. Extracts were also appraised for in vitro inhibition of enzymes implicated on the onset of neurological diseases (acetylcholinesterase: AChE and butyrylcholinesterase: BuChE), type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, α-glucosidase), obesity/acne (lipase), and skin hyperpigmentation/food oxidation (tyrosinase). The total content of phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), and hydrolysable tannins (THTC) was evaluated by colorimetric methods, while the phenolic profile was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, coupled to a diode-array ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV-DAD). Extracts had significant RSA and FRAP, and moderate copper chelation, but no iron chelating capacity. Samples had a higher activity towards α-glucosidase and tyrosinase, especially those from roots, a low capacity to inhibit AChE, and no activity towards BuChE and lipase. The ethyl acetate fraction of roots had the highest TPC and THTC, whereas the ethyl acetate fraction of leaves had the highest flavonoid levels. Gallic, gentisic, ferulic, and trans-cinnamic acids were identified in both organs. The results suggest that L. intricatum is a promising source of bioactive compounds with food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications.

Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Compounds of Extract from Hallasan Wormwood

Background: Many Artemisia species are used in traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders and various other ailments. However, the antioxidant and phenolic compounds present in Hallasan wormwood (Artemisia japonica var. hallaisanensis) have not been investigated yet.<BR>Methods and Results: Extracts of Hallasan wormwood (aerial parts and roots) were extracted using methanol and sequentially treated with solvent-solvent fractionation using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water-saturated butanol, to yield fractions with variations in polarity. The phenolic compounds present in the extracts and fractions were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and colorimetry. The antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) methods. The results revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction had high total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction of roots showed the highest antioxidant activity.<BR>Conclusions: Metanolic extracts from the roots and aerial parts of Hallasan wormwood showed different antioxidant activities; nine phenolic acids and one flavonoid were detected in Hallasan wormwood. Thus, the finding of this study provide valuable data for research on functional substances from plants.

Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities of leaves and roots of Rubus hyrcanus Juz.

Rubus hyrcanus Juz. (Rosaceae), known as Caspian blackberry, is wildly distributed around the Caspian Sea. This study focused on antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities of total extracts and different fractions from the roots and leaves of this species. The total phenolics and flavonoid contents were also evaluated. Finally, the phenolic profiles of selected fractions were determined using HPLC–DAD and LC–MS/MS. The results indicated that the total phenolics content (TPC) of root total extract (RTE) was 3.5 times that of leaves (340.4 and 102.7 mg GAE/g, respectively). The TPC of three root fractions ranged from 226.6 to 392.9 mg GAE/g, while in leaves fractions, it ranged between 68.3 and 101.8 mg GAE/g. The total extract of leaves had higher contents of total flavonoids than roots (70.5 and 8.9 mg QE/g, respectively). The methanol fractions of both parts had the highest amounts of flavonoids. The root methanol fraction (RMF) had the best antioxidant effect in both DPPH radical scavenging assay (IC50: 9.16 μg ml−1) and total antioxidant capacity test (1010.5 mg ɑTE/g). The RMF and RTE had potent antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 1.5 mg ml−1). In the MTT assay, ethyl acetate fractions of roots and leaves exhibited the best cytotoxicity (IC50 247 and 227 μg ml−1, respectively) and the highest selectivity indexes (4.73 and 5.31, respectively). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid in leaves ethyl acetate fraction, chlorogenic acid in leaves methanol fraction, and gallic acid in the root ethyl acetate fraction.

SECOND METABOLITES AND ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES OF &lt;i&gt;Helicteres hirsuta&lt;/i&gt; ROOT EXTRACT

Helicteres hirsuta Lour., particularly its stems and leaves have been used in &#x0D; Vietnamese traditional medicine to cure furuncles, dysentery, measles and flu. In this study, we examined biological activities of 5 fractions from methanol extract of H. hirsuta roots. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction has the highest content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds (220.9 ± 15.67 mg GAE, gallic acid equivalents /g dry weight and 23.03 ± 0.97 mg QE, quercetin equivalents /g dry weight, respectively). Fractions from H. hirsuta roots exhibited antioxidant, an-tibacterial and anticancer activities. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antioxidant activi-ty through 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 value of 0.117 ± 0.023 mg/ml). Ethyl acetate fraction of roots also showed the strongest reducing power (0.071 ± 0.009 mg/ml) and cytotoxicity on human KB cell lines (IC50= 3.23 μg/ml). Besides, fractions from H. hirsuta roots had high inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus fermentum. The results suggest potential exploitation of bioactive compounds from H. hirsuta roots especially ethyl acetate frac-tion and its application in medicine and pharmacy. This is the first report on second metabolite composition and biological activities of H. hirsuta roots.

Central nervous system activity of phenol-rich fraction of Piper sylvaticum roots

Obective: Piper sylvaticum Roxb. is an important folk medicine in Indian Traditional System of Medicine widely used by different tribes in many countries. In the present study, the anticonvulsant activity of extract/fractions of Piper sylvaticum (PS) roots was investigated. Materials and Methods: 70% ethanolic extract of PS roots was successively extracted using hexane and ethyl acetate to prepare various fractions. Total phenol content was found at maximum 324.65 mg/gallic acid equivalent/g in ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) (phenol-rich fraction [PRF]). High-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprinting profiling of PS roots was performed. The anticonvulsant properties of the EAF of roots of PS were examined by maximal electroshock method as compared to standard phenytoin (25 mg/kg body weight). Result: It was found that EAF shows potent anticonvulsant activity at different dose levels against maximum electroshock seizure-induced convulsions in Swiss albino mice. Conclusion: From the observation, it can be concluded that the current study has expressed that the phenol-rich EAF of the ethanolic extract of the roots of PS has shown the dose-dependent anticonvulsant effect in mice. The anticonvulsant potential may be due to the presence of phenolic compounds in PRF. The outcomes suggested a high potential for application of EAF of PS root as an anticonvulsant agent. Abbreviations Used: HPTLC: High-performance thin-layer chromatography, OECD: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, GAE: Gallic acid equivalent, PRF: Phenol-rich fraction.

열풍건조 삼채의 분획별 미백 및 항산화 활성에 관한 연구

The study analyzed the antioxidant and whitening activities of fractions from hot-air-dried Allium hookeri (HADAH). The total polyphenol contents in fractions from HADAH extract showed the highest value (171.07±7.55mg/g GAE) in ethyl acetate fraction of roots. Antioxidant activities of leaf and root parts were significantly higher in the ethyl acetate fraction. HADAH showed higher whitening activity (n-hexane fraction of leaf; 52.22% melanin production) than arbutin (65.82% melanin production), which is known as a whitening ingredient. These results suggest that HADAH extracts can be used as antioxidant and whitening materials. Thus, study of HADAH extracts showing effective whitening and physiological activities can provide efficient data for industrial use of Allium hookeri.

Anticonvulsant potential of ethanol extracts and their solvent partitioned fractions from Flemingia strobilifera root.

Background:Flemingia strobilifera (FS) R.Br. (Fabaceae) is an important medicinal plant. In wealth of India it has been reported that roots of FS are used by santals in epilepsy, hysteria, insomnia, and to relieve pain. In Burma also the roots of F. strobilifera are used to treat epilepsy.Objective:To investigate anticonvulsant potential of 95% ethanol extract and four subsequent fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions of the roots of FS against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) induced convulsions.Material and Methods:All the fractions and crude ethanol extract were administered (i.e., 200, 400, 600 mg/kg, p.o.) for 7 days and at the end of the treatment convulsions were induced experimentally using pentylenetetrazole and Maximal electroshock Test. Diazepam and phenytoin (4 mg/kg, i.p. and 20 mg/kg, i.p., respectively) were used as reference anticonvulsant drugs against experimentally induced convulsions. The latency of tonic convulsions and the numbers of animals protected from tonic convulsions were noted.Results:High doses (200 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) of ethyl acetate fraction and 95% ethanol crude extract (400 and 600 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the duration of seizure induced by maximal electroshock (MES). The same dose also protected from pentylenetetrzole-induced tonic seizures and significantly delayed the onset of tonic seizures. However, pet, ether, chloroform, and aqueous fraction at any of the doses used (i.e., 100, 200, 300 mg/kg, p.o.) did not show any significant effect on PTZ and MES induced convulsions. The treatment with crude ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction caused signs of central nervous system depressant action in the locomotor activity test, confirmed by the potentiation of sodium pentobarbital sleeping time. Both did not cause disturbance in motor coordination assessed by rotarod test.Conclusion:The data suggest that crude ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of roots of Flemingia strobilifera have a central nervous system depressant action and behave as a potential anticonvulsant. It may produce its anticonvulsant effect via non-specific mechanism since it reduced the duration of seizures produced by maximal electroshock as well as delayed the latency of seizures produced by pentylenetetrazole.

A new flavanenol with urease-inhibition activity isolated from roots of manna plant camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum)

A new flavanenol (1) was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of roots of Alhagi maurorum (Fabaceae). Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence using elemental analysis, IR, MS, and NMR techniques. It was determined to be 5,6,7,8,2′,3′,5′,6′-octamethoxyflavan-3-en-4′-ol. Experiments were carried out to evaluate its urease-inhibition activity. From the observations it has been noticed that flavanenol possesses remarkable urease-inhibitory effect.