Ethnography Of Communication Research Articles

Banter Politeness from Cultural Perspective (Analysis of Palembang Malay Language)

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English Speech Acts of Illocutionary Force in Class Interaction

The goal of research was to achieve a deep comprehension of English speech acts of illocutionary force. The method applied was ethnography of communication. In relation with an approach, I applied the qualitative one. In the data collection procedures, I applied the ethnography method, i.e. field observation, recording, transcription, interview, and field notes. In analyzing the data, I used the model of communication analysis, such as analysis of: communication situation, communication events, and communication acts. The findings showed that (1) the realization of speech acts of illocutionary directive had been the dominant one, (2) the realization of Grice’s maxims had been conducted “Good” as shown by the achievement index of 78. 431 %, while the hit of maxims reached the index of 21.569 %, (3) the realization of direct and indirect speech acts proved that the question intonation (Ok?, No?, Here?, Clear?, Really?), question marks (What, Who, Where, When, Which, How), question words (Are, Is, Am, Can, May, Will, Shall), and the verbal ones (Explain!, Give Comment!, Give Example!, Look at!) were used significantly, (4) the use of direct speech acts was more dominant than the indirect speech acts, (5) the hit of Grice’s maxims of cooperative principles in speaking occurred, such as hit of the maxims: quality, and manner, (6) the most significant finding was the illocutionary speech act of directive owned higher social status than the illocutionary assertive, (7) lastly, the use of speech act was highly determined by the contexts of situation and social cultures.

Supportive Communication In Developing Housewife’s Entrepreneurial Of Home-Based Industry

The role of women in the family is very important. In addition of taking care their household, women are also able to perform variety of other jobs, such as supporting the household economy by opening a home-based business. The effort to increase a home-based business’ success can be supported by the ability to build relationships with others. Supportive communication is a communication style at interpersonal communication level when someone wants to build a relationship. This study is based on framework of ethnography of communication and housewife’s entrepreneurial. Research method used is qualitative method with ethnographic communication approach. The subject of this research is housewife entrepreneurs of home-based industry. As home-based industry entrepreneurs, they always try to build relationships with employees, consumers, or suppliers as partners. Building and maintaining relationships to develop the business require good communication skills. Supportiveness becomes a key requirement of communication to develop the relationship. The supports are given by delivering a good motivation for self and business partner, developing creativity according to the typical of each relationship, and also improving communication skills in marketing the products.

Spanish, Arabic, and “English‐Only”: Making Meaning Across Languages in Two Classroom Communities

This comparative case study explores the use of Spanish, Arabic, and English in two elementary classrooms where instruction is delivered primarily in English and teachers and students do not share proficiencies in students’ home languages. Using methods derived from ethnography of communication, the study examines how languages other than English (LOTEs) become part of a community's shared repertoire of meaning‐making resources. Furthermore, it examines how these resources shape and were shaped by the classroom community of practice. Discourse analysis of four separate classroom interactions shows that Spanish, Arabic, and English facilitated opportunities for classroom community members to negotiate new tools, activities, and forms of engagement, yet not all uses of LOTEs afforded students’ meaning making in their communities of practice. Specifically, this study shows that LOTEs can be productively included in English‐dominant environments, but community responsiveness to language use is critical for this success. Findings also reveal that multiple features of the classroom community, including member roles, community negotiation, and opportunities to engage in extended discourse, shaped meaning making with LOTEs. This study concludes with recommendations for leveraging LOTEs in similar classroom contexts.

A cry and an outcry: Oplakvane (complaining) as a term for communication practice

ABSTRACTThis study examined the term oplakvane in Bulgarian discourse. It refers to a communication practice – similar to complaining – and a range of associated cultural meanings for ways to construct a socio-economic and political reality. Data for this study included naturally occurring talk recorded during social events, interview responses from 50 participants, and a range of media postings from newspapers and online sources. These were examined through the lens of ethnography of communication and studies of terms for talk. By examining the term's context, potency, use, messages, meanings, and enactments, a larger cultural landscape is made available, illustrating how oplakvane not only describes negative talk, but references a communication ritual that serves to: (1) release the frustrations of everyday life, (2) celebrate and reinforce feelings of fate and despair, and (3) identify and locate a national Bulgarian character.

Online political public relations as a place-based relational practice: A cultural discourse perspective

This study introduces the theoretical and methodological approach of Carbaugh’s (2007) cultural discourse analysis (CuDA) to advance the research agenda on political public relations. I discuss how CuDA, as an extension of the ethnography of communication (EoC), provides clues to unexpected success in an election campaigning. Using the 2016 Hong Kong lawmakers’ election as an empirical example, the most discussed Facebook posts of an election candidate, and 6800 online comments from the public are studied. I identify the socio-cultural meanings that are used and can be used to engage public-to-public election canvassing. This study shows that the prominent discursive hubs of dwelling and relation organize networked publics to canvass. Responding to the socio-cultural turn of the literature, this study grounds the theorization of political public relations in practice. The evaluation of different approaches to discourse also moves the field forward methodologically.

Sensitive Language Behaviour As A Trigger Of The Conflict Within Interethnic Family In Tapal Kuda Regions

Interethnic marriage has has long been happening in such Tapal Kuda regions as Jember, Bondowoso, Situbondo, and Lumajang of East Java province. However, this marriage tends to be in communication failure. If it is not managed properly, it can lead to the conflict that can bring about divorce. Divorce is not only triggered by the economical factors, but also by the failure of communication. For this fact, this research aims at exploring and describing linguistic knowledge, application of interaction skill, cultural knowledge, and factors that can lead to communication failure. To achieve the objectives of the study, it uses a qualitative approach with a focus on ethnographic study of communication. The data were obtained through participant observation and non-participation, as well as interviews with recording technique. The data obtained is transcribed to written data, then analyzed by using the ethnography of communication (speaking grid) and discourse analysis with pragmatic concept. This study yields the findings that the sensitive matters that can trigger conflict constitute lack of linguistic knowledge of local languages ​​owned by each interethnic marriage and lack of interethnic cultural understanding that impact on violations of the principles of politeness and cooperation principles in different cultures thus triggering conflict both within the family and inter-families. Finally, this study concludes that the lack of linguistic knowledge possessed by married couples, especially the understanding of the verbal and nonverbal elements in communicating can lead to communication failure and trigger the occurrence of conflict that impact on the emergence of divorce

Force Signs: Ideologies of Corporal Discipline in Academia and the Marshall Islands

Corporal discipline is often called the most frequent form of violence against children. This conclusion comes from an extensive body of research that supposedly shows that corporal discipline is both harmful and pervasive. But this research is biased by three ideologies of language and signs—or semiotic ideologies—that distort the collection and interpretation of data: assumptions that speech functions mainly to refer; views of signs and the physical world as distinct; and interpretations of force signs as indices of deviant relationships. In contrast, in a village in the Marshall Islands reported force has multiple functions, people combine multiple different types of signs in disciplinary interactions, and force signs often index not deviance but healthy relationships. The harms to children and families created by these misinterpretations of signs go far beyond producing incorrect estimates of the frequency of corporal discipline. On the one hand, these ideologies pathologize people who frequently produce force signs as well as the kinship systems associated with them; on the other hand, misunderstood communicative patterns may lead researchers to miss harms that people do experience. Researching corporal discipline requires an analysis of force signs in context—an ethnography of communication of force.

Kvalitativni pristup u medijskim istraživanjima

The authors treat Ihe media as a very significant component of contemporary life demanding to be studied. They actualize different and newer methodological approaches in media research for which they find inspiration in the general social situation at the beginning of the 21st century. This is a time of enormous technologies and a controversial time of large social changes. While in existing media research public communication has been generally evaluated by way of quantitative methods, the authors seek to affirm a qualitative paradigm as a wholly new and as yet unapplied methodological strategy, Contemporary social developments presuppose the investigation of media as a market phenomenon. Convergence as the basic symbol of communication in the future is affirmed within this context. Within it the broadly spread telecommunication services are joined together to form the new media world of the future. Most researchers deal with television as the most powerful media of the contemporary world but they also deal with cable services. In such am manner the research results come closer to determining the needs and the interests of the consumers. In addition the authors discuss a series of characteristics of the social processes of communication. They undertake a special analysis of some newer theoretical- methodological approaches in media research, such as ethno- meihodological investigations, symbolic interactionism, the ethnography of communication and cultural studies. The critique of earlier media studies has been directed at their exclusive interest in studying the emergence, development, genres and the use of the media. The speedy expansion of media has motivated researchers to deal with its effects and the possibilities. Because of this the authors anticipate that future methodological strategies in media studies will find their place in the application of qualitative investigations. It is precisely this type of investigation which signalizes contemporary trends in the development of modern methodology within the field of the social sciences. The qualitative researcher is especially endowed with the capacity to think about the lives of others. The authors conclude that the validity of media studies will be greater if research methods are modernized and in such a fashion accommodate themselves to existing societies and to the ways media are transformed within them. In the future, man, as the creator of information and as a social being, will continue to create social processes amongst which communication is one of the basic ones. However, the fate of qualitative media research will depend on the tempo of development of media within democratic societies.

Ethnography of communication in ESP: Implications for medical practitioners as a community of practice

Language is considered to be one of the significant set of practices in social world. Furthermore, ethnography of communication posits that language cannot be separated from its use in society. Hence, language can be taken as a means of interaction among members of a community of practice and reflection of their norms. Thus, the Learners of English for specific purposes (ESP), as newcomers of a community of practice, need to be familiar with the linguistic codes of their field; and they constitute a community of practice where they exercise the English language they learn in work-related situations. Collecting data from different resources may help teachers and learners of ESP courses realise what features of language their course should address. The present study aims to highlight the contributions that ethnography of communication may make to identify the needs of the learners of English for medical purposes as a community of practice.
 
 Keywords: ESP, ethnography of communication, community of practice, medical practitioners.

Code-Switching in Selling and Buying at Segiri Market Samarinda, East Kalimantan: a Sociolinguistics Study

The purposes of this research were (1) to describe the form of the code-switching in selling and buying at Segiri market Samarinda, East Kalimantan, and (2) to describe factors of code-switching in selling and buying at Segiri market Samarinda, East Kalimantan. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative and employed a sociolinguistics study in the form of Poplack approach. Data sources of this research were activities and informants. Meanwhile, the type of data was the form of speech in the conversation. In collecting data, (1) observation, (2) field notes, (3) recording, and (4) interviews were used. In analyzing data, Miles and Huberman interactive analysis and Dell Hymes, ethnography communication method was used. The result of this research shows that (1) Form of the code-switching in selling and buying at Segiri market Samarinda, East Kalimantan are (a) tag switching consists of 21 data, and (b) inter-sentential consists of 41 data. The data is taken from Indonesian language, Banjar language, Kutai language, Java language, and Bugis language, and (2) Factors of community language, culture, tribe, and environment existing in Segiri market Samarinda, East Kalimantan also influences the way of code-switching in selling and buying transaction at Segiri market Samarinda, East Kalimantan.

MODEL LITERASI MEDIA UNTUK ANAK-ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT SALATIGA

The purpose of this research is find a model literacy a medium for elementary school students by the use of the interactive multimedia-based wisdom of local community in Salatiga. It uses qualitative method and ethnography communication approach. The data collection was done through observation and in-depth interviews with cultural and teachers primary schools in Salatiga. The results show that 1) The Local wisdom of Salatiga community has been applied in forms of appreciation, cooperation and tolerance based on the teachings of Raden Mas Said. 2) This local wisdom can be used as a basis for media literacy 3) There are two models of literacy media based on local knowledge, i.e., in the form of informal communication done by teachers and parents, and in the form of education through games. The game with Salatiga City setting and with figures of Wales and Asia as symbols of that tolerance is the local wisdom of Salatiga community which will be used as learning media in schools. This research contributes to provide media literacy model by using interactive multimedia based on local wisdom of the community in Salatiga.

KOMUNIKASI RITUAL GAREBEG DI KERATON YOGYAKARTA

This research reviewed ritual communication in Garebeg ceremony in Yogyakarta Palace. The Garebeg ceremonies were being held in Muslim celebrations such as of Eid al- Fitr (Garebeg Shawwal), Eid al- Adha (Garebeg large), Maulud Prophet (Garebeg Mulud). Garebeg ceremonies identically with Paredes (Gunungan), which means Yogyakarta Palace keeps the tradition and the ancestors cultural by providing Paredes to communities. This Research uses Constructivist Paradigm and Ethnographic Communication method, especially method of Speaking by Dell Hymes. The purpose of this study to determine the value of norms, attitudes and belief system of the people in the Yogyakarta Palace on Garebeg ceremony. The ritual of Javanese culture, as well as the nature and meaning of communication rituals in ceremonies Garebeg, also know the variety of communication in Garebeg ceremony. The results are seven communication phenomenon such as Tumplak Wajik, Yasa Paredes, Gladen, Garebeg Paredes, Ngabekten, Sekaten and Garebeg Mulud Dal. This research’s contributions are three communication pattern which is hijab Salem, tanda yekti and syiar Islam. This research contributes to give insight about communication patterns and ritual processions in Garebeg ceremony.

‘But I’d rather have raisins!’: Exploring a hybridized approach to multimodal interaction in the case of a minimally verbal child with autism

This article explores a ‘hybridized approach’ to multimodal research drawing on video data of classroom communication involving children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The focus is a short video of ‘Luke’, aged six, who at snack time declines to request an available food item (carrot, tomato or apple) with the available Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS); instead deploying embodied, idiosyncratic communication including gaze, vocalisation and object manipulation to request raisins. The article explores the potential of a hybridized approach for understanding Luke’s communicative competencies which draws upon the theoretical perspectives of Ethnography of Communication, Conversation Analysis and Multimodal (Inter)Action Analysis; and uses two forms of multimodal transcription (the multimodal matrix and annotated video stills). It is argued that each tradition brings distinct affordances to our understanding of this short interaction and that together they can permit inferences which would not have been possible working with one approach alone.

Folklore and Sociolinguistics

Folklore and sociolinguistics exist in a symbiotic relationship; more than that, at points—in the ethnography of communication and in ethnopoetics, for example—they overlap and become indistinguishable. As part of a reaction to the formal rigor and social detachment of Chomsky’s theoretical linguistics, sociolinguistics emerges in the mid-twentieth century to assess the role of language in social life. Folklorists join the cause and bring to it a commitment to in-depth ethnography and a longstanding engagement with artistic communication. In this essay, I trace key phases in the development of this interdisciplinary movement, revolutionary in its reorientation of language study to the messy but fascinating realm of speech usage. I offer the concept of performative efficacy, the notion that expressive culture performances have the capacity to shape attitude and action and thereby transform perceived realities, as a means of capturing the continuing promise of a sociolinguistically informed folkloristics.

Some historical event-marking names in Tshivenḓa

There are a number of names in Tshivenḓa whose meanings sound not only odd, but also far-fetched as they refer to death, and unusual and sorrowful events. Some of these names are shunned by their carriers and tend to be replaced with others from the same language, or European ones. These names are carried by very few individuals and surprisingly these days they are given to children as commemorative names or are shortened to appear modern and to sound vibrant. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate through Critical Language Awareness, Onomastics and Ethnography of communication that Africans in general, and the Vhavenḓa in particular, have a way of using names to record history in families and their events, just like we find in history. It uses the Discourse Historical Method to trace the names through interviews with both name-carriers and name-givers in families and communities. It eventually applies Ethnography of Communication to show why and how the Vhavenḓa resort to creating such names to record historical family and community events.

A Cultural Linguistics Perspective on Animal Proverbs, with Special Reference to Two Dialects of Arabic

This article aims to study animal proverbs in Saudi Arabic (SA) and Tunisian Arabic (TA). The article is grounded in cultural linguistics, which is a composite framework from cognitive linguistics, Boasian linguistics, ethnosemantics, and the ethnography of speaking. It has adopted a cultural linguistic approach to proverbial discourse. For that reason, possible specific scenes for the generic scenes of the analyzed proverbs are spelled out by proverbial discourses throughout the article. The findings show that proverbs work in the sociocultural environment as proverbial discourse, necessitating a specific scene onto which a generic scene is mapped. The findings also show that the two sub-cultures share very few generic scenes, drawing on different animals and cultural knowledge associated with them. The article also highlights the significance of the socio-physical environment and sub-cultural heritage subsuming the SA and TA linguistic and religious sub-cultures. The findings of the article show that SA and TA may use the same animal names but with a different focus.

The Ethnic Minority Speech Codes on Education

This study focuses on examining educational processes in Sikep community (a minority ethnic group in Indonesia). Education is an influencial aspect in forming social harmony in the minority groups. However, formal education cannot be applied properly in particular group of ethnic minorities due to local specific perspectives on education. Therefore, it is important to comprehend local values that are related to education in order to established social harmony in the minority ethnic group. The purpose of this study is to describe the Sikep community’s construction of meaning on local and formal education discourses. The main theories in this research are the Speech Codes Theory and Ethnography Communication Theory. An ethnography communication research method was used in achieving the goal of this research. The research finding indicates that the low participation to formal education is due to the fact that Sikep community has a specific interpretation of the educational process that differs to the formal standard of national education. They perceive education as a part of everyday life. They focus on the educational processes that equip them the skills to survive, particularly in the context of agricultural skills. The knowledge of local philosophical values must also be considered in creating an applicable educational system for Sikep community.

Bisilki: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Kinship Terms in Likpakpaln (Konkomba)

This study, synchronically, describes and explicates the phenomenon of kinship terms in Likpakpaln , a Gur member of the Niger-Congo phylum, spoken mainly in the northern parts of Ghana. It focuses on the addressive usage of kinship terms. I use observation (both participant and non-participant) as a principal ethnographic data collection technique, supplemented by the semi-structured interview, informal conversation and my native speaker introspection. The analysis of data is informed by Dell Hyme’s ethnography of communication as a theoretical frame. Based on the data analysed, I argue that kinship addresses in Likpakpaln can be categorised into three major types: agnatic, matrilateral and affinal kinship address forms, of which matrilateral and affinal kinship addresses are by complementary filiation. I also show that communicative ends have a significant influence on the vocative usage of kinship terms in interlocution among the Bikpakpaam (the Konkomba people). I further argue that the repertoire of Likpakpaln kinship addresses and the pattern of usage of these kinship addresses in communicative interactions is greatly tied to the Bikpakpaam kinship structure and social universe. Finally, I observe that there is a perceptible level of intercultural intrusion on the kinship address terms used among the Bikpakpaam . Key terms : Sociolinguistic analysis, kinship terms and Likpakpaln

Negociación de roles en grupos escolares de facebook: Estudio de caso

Fil: Godoy, Lucia Francisca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofia y Letras; Argentina