Ethnographic Qualitative Approach Research Articles

How Does the Community of Students Interpret Statements and Attitudes of Teachers Considering the Hidden Curriculum: A Qualitative Study

Objectives: This study aimed at identifying the content of implicit messages conveyed by female teachers to their female students. Methods: The ethnographic qualitative approach was used to achieve the goals of the study. Fifteen audio recorded class sessions of four teachers teaching the 9th or 10th grades at a certain public school were observed. The four teachers and six students of the observed teachers were also interviewed. The validity and reliability of the obtained data were verified. Results: The study showed several implicit messages conveyed by teachers to their students, such as respect of law, care for cleanliness, and respect of points of view of others. Some other hidden messages are negative; being not so strict about their attendance of classes, when they do not commit themselves to the time of a class, and when they underline certain subjects in the curriculum as being more important than others. The students interpret these messages in two directions, one of them the desire of the female teachers to win the students’ approval and affection and to draw the students closer to them, on the other hand female teachers’ desire to impose their control over the students, and to warn the students that the power and decision returns to the teacher. Conclusions: The teacher's clear message, student reception, and understanding is vital for successful teaching. Differences in message interpretation affect student interaction and acceptance. Teachers must be mindful of implicit meanings and students' interpretations to maintain clear communication and participation.

DRIVING OF STRUGGLE VALUES AS MORAL PRESSURE TO CONSTRUCT THE KHAYRA UMMAH SYSTEM

The drive of struggle values and moral pressure in social systems and organizations are interdependent. A good social system is strongly influenced by the values of struggle and moral pressure, so that everything contained in struggle and morality is reflected in social life. Thus, an ideal social order can be constructed through a patented moral approach in a blueprint. In this article, the blueprint of moral pressure refers to the struggle values of KH. Mahmud Zubaidi as a transformative figure in Indonesia in his struggle to construct a civil society, namely a community of the best society (khayra ummah). The study of khayra ummah is specific to the contextualization of KH. Mahmud Zubaidi's concept of prophetic da'wah as moral pressure. This research uses an ethnographic qualitative approach involving 14 key interfaith informants in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that KH Mahmud Zubaidi's prophetic da'wah carries three pillars of khayra ummah that are constructed as strugle values and moral pressure, including: amar ma'ruf (humanization), nahi munkar (liberation), and iman billah (transcendence). The construction of these three pillars is coordinated by a university as a product of its struggle, which is then translated into various academic and non-academic activity programs. The contextualization of prophetic da'wah and its difference are also discussed.

Exploration of the weaving activities in Timor Island for mathematics learning

The inclusion of ethnomathematical perspectives into the mathematics education of indigenous student is often described as being beneficial. Drawing on weaving activities from West Amarasi society in Timor Island, Indonesia, this paper examines the results from the exploration of mathematical concepts that exist and are practiced in this society. This is a descriptive exploratory with ethnographic qualitative approach research. Data were collected in March 2022 through observations, interviews, and documentation. Some indigenous people from Merbaun Village, West Timor, in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, were participants in this research. The results showed that there were several ethnomathematics characteristics in the weaving activities of the West Amarasi society: counting, locating, measuring, designing, explaining, the use of implication logic, and estimating. It was also found mathematics concepts and ways of thinking such as the concept of multiplication as repeated addition, parallel of straight lines, geometric shapes, reflection, rotation, sizes and units, and logical implication. This finding can be used as a source of mathematics learning by teachers, researchers or mathematics education practitioners not only those local in West Amarasi but also in other similar places around the world.

Community as a Medium for Promoting Cultural Tourism (Study on Ternate Heritage Society Community)

A community is a forum where individuals gather to form a group that takes the initiative to start a process of activities that can improve the situation and condition oneself to carry out positive actions to solve community welfare problems. In addition, the community plays an active role as a forum for distributing various information and promoting tourist attractions. This study explores tourism promotion through a community, especially cultural tourism in Ternate City, North Maluku, Indonesia. This community is called the Ternate heritage Society Community (THS). This study used an ethnographic qualitative approach, and data collection was obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. This study was conducted in Ternate City using Charmaz's approach. The results of this study show that THS has used a community branding strategy as a form of cultural tourism promotion in Ternate City. Based on the findings, the community covers two aspects—Branding and medium of Promotion. In terms of branding, it can be defined that branding of a cultural community refers to cultural identity, agent of change, and internalized cultural values. Six indicators formed this definition—existing role models, establishing community categories, being motivated, timelines, and character uniqueness of the community. Regarding the medium of Promotion, THS has been an agent of Promotion by optimizing digital marketing for millennials. Future studies are also suggested on promoting cultural heritage to the youth.

Integrasi Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Tradisi Pembacaan Ratib Al-Haddad

There is a community tradition in the village of Suka Datang, which is the Ratib Al-Haddad which is a collection of readings in Arabic in the form of zikr and supplication that has traditionally been read at every feast in a family that is in the midst of death. This research aims to find out the implementation of the Ratib Al-Haddad and the values ​​of Islamic religious education found in it. This research uses the ethnographic qualitative approach, which is research that emphasizes a culture from the behavior patterns, habits and way of life of the community. The results of the research show that the implementation of Ratib Al-Haddad is carried out at night exactly after the Maghrib prayer, when there is a calamity of death usually Ratib Al-Haddad will be practiced for 3 or 7 nights in a row at the residence of the victim. This Islamic nuanced tradition has been done by the Suka Datang village community since 1975 AD. In the tradition of Ratib Al-Haddad in the village of Suka Datang, there are values ​​of Islamic religious education, namely the values ​​of belief, worship, morals and muamalah. Uniquely, there is also a component of Islamic religious education in this prediction of Ratib Al-Haddad, such as; educators, students, educational environment, learning materials and learning methods.

Husband is a Priority: Gender Roles, Patriarchy and the Naming of Female Children in Nigeria

In onomastic practices of some traditional societies in Nigeria, stereotyped gender roles and patriarchy are deliberately perpetuated in the naming of female children, thus using naming traditions as weapons against girl-children. In these cultures, names are bestowed on female children to align with existing sexist norms and gender ideology in which the namer is dominant and the named is subservient. This article explores, from an ethnographic qualitative approach, the politics of this naming regime, and highlights the centrality of naming in the social construction of gender in two cultural traditions in Nigeria: Bette (South-east), and Owe (North-central), which entrench inequality and illuminate power and dominance against the girl-child. It considers the implications of this regime of names on the girl-child from the perspective of “doing gender” (West and Zimmermann in Gender Soc 1:125–151, 1987), which simultaneously recreates and reinforces the cultural meaning of gender and the systems of power and oppression on which it rests. I demonstrate how personal names are overtly used to enact conformism and/or resistance to patriarchy and the results, based on linguistic evidence, reveal that participants who conform to traditional gender norms or ideologies tended to reify inequality and oppressive gender regime through the choice of their names. Participants who resisted normative conception of gender opened up space for agency and autonomy, and thus expanded the frontiers of their gender expression.

Marketing Plan, Operational Plan, and Human Capital Plan as Efforts to Achieve the Short-Term Strategy of PT Bestindo Jaya Indonesia

The research objectives were (1) to analyze the achievement of 10% market share of PT Bestindo Jaya Indonesia’s gas stoves in Indonesia for 10 years, (2) to improve the ability to assemble flatbed folding burners gas stove with INS (Indonesian National Standard) quality using modern technology, and (3) analyze the allocation of human resources according to the company’s needs. This research used an ethnographic qualitative approach to take effective business decisions for PT Bestindo Jaya Indonesia. The recommended alternative strategies were marketing penetration to achieve the target market share; employee training and establishment of a quality management system to improve product assembly capabilities; and the implementation of the Human Capital management strategy program design to conform the allocation of human resources to the company’s needs. Keywords: Marketing Plan, Operational Plan, and Human Capital Plan.

Principles in Sasak Local Wisdom as Character Education Values for Children

Sasak people’s life is strongly embedded by the philosophical values in each tradition that can lead them to have better perspectives. This study aimed to describe the values of character education in the local wisdom of the Sasak tribe, and the process of instilling character education values in the Sasak family. An ethnographic qualitative approach was used to obtain the information based on the research objectives. The data were collected through observations, interviews, documentations, and FGD techniques.The data were obtained from the families, traditional leaders, and communities. The results of the study revealed that the character values as the identity of the Sasak people were found in four principles, namely: wirame principle, wirage principle, wirase principle, and wibusane principle. The process of transmitting character values to children was done by giving knowledge, doing habituation, and imitation of the parents’ good habits and behaviors. The value of local wisdom in the traditions could be used as an insight for parents and society as educational references to build children’s characters

Transformation of local knowledge of Lubuk Larangan toward fishing tourism

This research aims to investigate the transformation of local knowledge of Lubuk Larangan toward tourism. The research method uses an ethnographic qualitative approach. This method is implemented because this research has a connection to customary societies. To gather data was used as an in-depth interview. Samples are selected through the purposive technique. The result is probed meticulously through the triangulation technique and triangulation sources. The result shows that customary community conferences locally impact the conservation of nature and fish in Lubuk Larangan. Deliberations determine the time of harvesting fish in the forbidden pit area and determine the area used as a prohibited area. There were 10 ninik mamak in attendance and one ninik mamak as the leader of the ten ninik mamak. Another finding is that democratic principles such as decisions on the basis of togetherness for the common interest are applied to the forbidden area. The last finding is that there is a transformation of social and cultural values in the Lubuk Larangan area. Customary rules are very strict, but interfering with the younger generation to overhaul traditional rules makes the traditional leaders adapt to the wishes of the younger generation to serve as fishing tourism areas. Several considerations were found at the time the Lubuk Larangan area had not been changed. The rules were detrimental because when the event opened the Lubuk Prohibition area, it resulted in the exhaustion of fish, and profits were only obtained 30 million in 3 years. When it has been converted into fishing tourism, it impacts increasing profits to reach 30 million in a month. Plus, the fish will not become extinct because the fish caught when fishing will be released again. People even get the opportunity to offer tent rental services, sell food and drinks, become tour guides, and offer to lodge for tourists who come.

Identifying Barriers in Access to Care for Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Field Study in Dakar.

To identify barriers in access to care for head and neck cancer (H&NC) patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), specifically within Dakar, Senegal, using both quantitative and qualitative data. Descriptive observational study. Patients with H&NC were selected from two independent university hospitals in Dakar, Senegal. A mixed-methods descriptive study was performed using a specifically tailored questionnaire and a focused ethnographic qualitative approach to identify factors that delay patient presentation, referral, and treatment. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative using a deductive approach based on a systematic review of the literature. Thirty-three patients with a mean age of 57.8 years were included. Presentation delay was 5.7 months, mainly attributed to cost of consultation (39%), waiting time at doctor's office (15%), and distance to healthcare facility (12%). Referral delay greater than 3 months was observed in 60% of participants, secondary to misdiagnosis and lack of appropriate referral. Treatment delay was associated with limited local treatment capacity and securing cost of treatment. Cost of transportation impacted all delays. This work used an evidence-based approach to identify barriers in access to care for H&NC patients in sub-Saharan Africa. It suggests the feasibility and transferability of this methodology which combined a quantitative approach based on the literature with a qualitative analysis. Insight provided by this study will be used to guide development of implementation strategies for early detection of H&NC in LMICs. 4 Laryngoscope, 132:1219-1223, 2022.

Nyi Pohaci Sang Hyang Sri Value in leader perspective of Cipatat Kolot Customary Societies

This research aims to investigate Nyi Pohaci Sang Hyang Asri's value in Cipatat Kolot societies perspective. The research method uses an ethnographic qualitative approach. This method is implemented because this research is linked to the social community. To gather data was used as an in-depth interview. Sample are selected through purposive technique. The result is probed meticulously through triangulation technique and triangulation sources. The result shows Nyi Pohaci Sang Hyang Asri is a customary society's faith. However, it becomes tradition and culture because the value of Nyi Pohaci pursues until nowadays generation. It has been embedded in their perspective. They must continue this perspective because it is mandatory from their forefather. While Nyi Pohaci release in proverb as non-material culture fro pursuing behavior in daily life. The other is Nyi Pohaci through traditional proverb which proverb has numerous meaning including they believe humans are in Nyi Pohaci and Nyi Pohaci are in human bodies. All parts of the human body, starting from human bones, human intellect, human flesh, human form, the hair on human bodies, bile in human stomachs, human minds and minds are formed by eating rice as Nyi Pohaci. As a result, the human dislikes the ravage nature environment because it has been cultivated on the land's surface. As land and nature are damaged, they have devastated Sri as paddies. It indicates that a human has influenced Nyi Pohaci belief must protect the natural environment. The other is they adjust their behavior not to adopt fully an-organic agriculture. They try to use composting and fertilizer for livestock manure. As a consequence, the soil can be preserved from damaged and combat global warming like climate change.

HOME GARDEN VALUE IN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SITU UDIK BOGOR

The objective of this research was to investigate home garden value for rural development in Situ Udik Bogor West Java. The research method used ethnographic qualitative approach. This method was related to community, social and environment. The data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The selection of sample as informant exert purposive sampling technique. The result was probed meticulously through triangulation technique. The result showed that chief of village play imperative role to flourish rural community for program namely one banana trees in each home garden of society. The other was the home gardening impact on economic value. Society in the village can gain numerous merits of one banana trees which is cultivated in yard including community can exert outcome of banana yield for paying property taxes, add household income and allocate for school fee children. The other is to release ecology value. Home gardening has some function including protecting water from the surface flow and avoids environment from flooding disaster, reducing emission which is caused by global warming or climate change, produce oxygen and safeguard of soil fertility. Islam pledge to the person who conserves the natural environment like cultivating trees refers to produce alms and worship.

Indigenous Cipatat Kolot Society Resilience Based on Leuit in Bogor, West Java

The purpose of this research is to investigate the community resilience based on Leuit (traditional storage of paddies) in Cipatat Kolot customary community in Bogor, West Java. The research method exerts an ethnographic qualitative approach. To assemble data, an in-depth interview with the Cipatat Kolot customary community leaders and observation and documentation was used. The primary information sources of the research come from the leaders of Cipatat Kolot. The result is that the Cipatat Kolot community conserves traditional storage, namely leuit as a traditional building to store paddies from disasters like flooding. It can strengthen cultural resilience because storing paddies in leuit is a traditional heritage from their forefather. Directly, the cultural value can be nurtured from vanishing amid environmental and cultural changes, which can encourage people’s resilience. When storing paddies, there are rules like people must keep half of the overall paddy yields in leuit, and a half of paddy yields must be store at home. People can directly adapt to climate, environmental issues, and eco-catastrophe because they have ample staple food in traditional storage and house.

Everyday experiences of people living with dementia and their carers relating to oral health and dental care.

Little is known about how community-dwelling people with dementia, as well as their carers, look after their oral health and use dental care. This exploratory study aimed to explore the beliefs, experiences and practices about oral health of people living with dementia and their carers. We used an ethnographic qualitative approach conducting face-to-face interviews at home with people living with dementia and/or carers. Interview data and field notes were analysed thematically using framework methods. We approached volunteers registered with the online UK. Join Dementia Research network from whom a total of 17 participants were recruited in 2018. Five interviews were conducted with carers alone, two with a person living with dementia alone, and five with a carer and person with dementia jointly. Three main themes emerged: oral health is not prioritised; access to dental care is shaped by increasing disability; and the importance of continuity of care. While people living with dementia and their carers may view oral health important once prompted, many reported difficulties in undertaking or assisting with daily self-care and accessing dental services, particularly as dementia progresses. We draw out implications for the organisation and delivery of public and private dental services.

A Qualitative Exploration of Maternal Patient and Family Perspectives of Patient Safety

Maternal deaths in the United States are 26.6% higher than other developed countries. Sixty percent of these deaths are preventable by adopting a culture that promotes patient safety. In a recently developed Safer Culture framework, patients and families are integral members of the organizational safety culture. It is imperative to understand how patients and families perceive safety issues and how they want to engage to promote safety. The purpose of this study was to determine how patients and their families conceptualize patient safety and their role in promoting safe care. Using an ethnographic qualitative approach, we conducted semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of 23 ethnically diverse obstetric patients and their partners from a large academic Level 4 facility. We reviewed transcribed interviews and coded for meaning in a group of four researchers. After redundancy was reached, we conducted a thematic content through group consensus of the relevant themes expressed from exemplars in the data set. Participants perceived patient safety as a partnership with clinicians. A perception of safe caring was based on having their collective physical, emotional, and relational needs and those of their family members met. Central to perceived safe care was trust in their health care providers. Four influences to perceived safe care emerged from the data: (1) patient and family expectations of their outcomes, (2) methods of personalized communication and information exchange, (3) actions of relationship building with the health care team, and (4) positive clinician behaviors in providing care. Patient and family perceptions of safe caring were affected by their previous experiences, especially pregnancy losses and/or perceived harms, ability to prepare for the unexpected, their sense of control in decision making, and speaking up with their concerns. Inherent in promoting a safety culture is promoting a partnership of trust between clinicians and patients based on knowing what patients expect and need, listening and responding to their concerns about past experiences, and collaborating with them and their families. Nurses add to the patient’s perception of safe care by understanding patient expectations, promoting patients’ voice in communication, building a positive relationship, and providing emotional care.

Leuit and prohibition forest: Indigenous knowledge of an Urug community resilience

The purpose of this research was to investigate the function of leuit and prohibition Forest based on indigenous knowledge of Urug people for combating climate change toward community resilience. The research method used an ethnographic qualitative approach. This method was related to local cultural, ritual, and traditional communities-the data collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The selection of sample as informant exert purposive sampling technique. The result is probed meticulously through triangulation technique and triangulation sources. The result shows that traditional storage (Leuit) has a role in confronting climate change and disaster and life perturbance for achieving community resilience. Another finding is Urug people create a prohibition forest. The impact is the wood can rescue from damage. The community can fight climate change, get adequate water, and environment preservation.

Social Structure, Agency and Second Language Learning

This paper examines the issue of the relationship between agency and social structure in the language learning process. It looks at the extent to which contextual conditions impact on learners’ desire to invest in language learning. It employed the critical realist lens to explore the use of English as a foreign language (EFL) amongst undergraduate students in the city of Cancun, which was consciously created as a tourist hub in Mexico. English is identified as desired linguistic and cultural capital, a product of social structure, and students’ investment in language learning as examples of agency. A critical realist theoretical and methodological approach was taken to investigate, using an ethnographic qualitative approach to collecting and collating the data. Alongside a range of data, 11 student informants were taken for in-depth analysis to explore why language learners choose to shape or resist their access to EFL.

Resilience of Farming Labours Based on Bawon System Tradition and Ani-Ani Traditional Appliance In Indigenous Community of Urug Societies In Bogor, West Java

The purpose of this research is to investigate bawon system tradition and traditional appliance in the traditional community to empower farming labours toward community resilience. The research method used is an ethnographic qualitative approach. This method is applied because the research is related to cultural, ritual, traditional, and social phenomena. The data are collected through in-depth interview, observation, and documentation. The selection of informants as samples uses purposive sampling technique. The result is probed meticulously through technique triangulation and source triangulation. The result shows that bawon system is a tradition in agriculture to assist landless people for cultivating. It leads to create agriculture worker resilience because the landless people can fulfil their basic needs from this mechanism, and they will not be unemployed amid the implementation of modern agricultural technology. Another result is the use of a traditional tool like ani-ani which can empower women resilience because women will not lose their vanity in farming activity. Besides, it can attain traditional and cultural resilience because ani-ani and bawon system can be categorized as traditional culture.

Visiting Dark Murals: An Ethnographic Approach to the Sustainability of Heritage

Political, war-themed and controversial murals aim to show the history of a community, making the intangible tangible, and, because these events are still recent, they stir people’s emotions. Visitors to this type of heritage have a mixture of artistic and dark interests that lead to what we call ‘dark mural attractions’. These political murals need a public strategy to be preserved, become better known and attract local economic development funds to make them sustainable. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse how communities could build a co-narrative around murals to generate a sustainable local development. To achieve this goal, an in depth study needs to be performed to establish what kind of narrative will enable political murals to attract dark visitors and examine how communities can build a sustainable co-narrative around a dark mural. As a case study, we analyse the Battle of Cable Street mural in London, located in the non-touristic borough of Tower Hamlets, by means of an ethnographic qualitative approach based on stakeholders’ opinions, among other sources. In this case, results show that dark murals have the potential to attract visitors, but they require a public strategy for the sustainability of heritage, based on a narrative of community solidarity for educational and discovery purposes.

Juegos tradicionales como estrategia para desarrollar competencias artísticas-cognitivas en estudiantes

The game, the recreation and the artistic activities constitute the main axis the cognitive development of the child. The objective of this research is to determine the relevance of traditional games as a strategy and pedagogical tool to develop artistic-cognitive skills in students of 10th and 11th of the Pedro de Heredia Departmental Educational Institution. An ethnographic qualitative approach is applied that allows capturing a contextual reality; through qualitative research. The opinion of 30 students was assessed in order to establish the most relevant play strategies to develop cognitive skills through traditional games such as bingo, lottery and dice that had 100% acceptance. In response to the general objective, it has been possible to establish the high incidence and relevance of the use of traditional games for the development of cognitive artistic skills, which makes possible a new educational scenario conducive to comprehensive education.