Ethnocultural Peculiarities Research Articles

The Art of Chieftaincy in the Writings of Pashtun Tribal Rulers

AbstractThe article surveys the views of Pashtun military-administrative elite on governance in the works of Khushḥāl Khān Khaṫak (d. 1689) and Afżal Khān Khaṫak (d. circa 1740). The texts under discussion pertain to the universal literary genre of “Mirrors for Princes”(naṣīḥat al-mulūk)and include the Khaṫak chieftains’ didactical writings in prose and verse, as well as still poorly studied documents on real politics from Afżal Khān's historiographical compilation “The Ornamented History”(Tārīkh-i muraṣṣaʿ). Rooted in the medieval Persian classics, early modern Pashto “mirrors” are distinguished by local ethnocultural peculiarities which manifest in shifting the very subject from statesmanship to chieftaincy and declaring regulations of the Pashtun unwritten Code of Honour. The study proves that the outlook and behavioural patterns of Pashtun tribal rulers stemmed from a combination, partly eclectic and contradictory, of Islamic precepts, feudal ideologies of the Mughal administrative system, and norms of the Pashtun customary law(Pashtunwali).

Ethnological research of the literary texts at the stage of the pre-translation analysis (on the example of the trilogy of A. Nurpeisov «Blood and sweat»)

The article deals with the issues of ethnological research of literary text. The insufficiency of the scientific research of this problem in the field of translation theory and practice determines the urgency of this study. The methods of ethnological analysis are discussed: 1) the biographical method, according to which the social and cultural facts of a particular ethnic group can be studied using biographical materials and events. The object of this analysis is a literary text created in the spirit of realism; 2) analysis of the text with the preparation of the “questionnaire” – an empirical study, with the help of which ethno-cultural characteristics, values, religion of the heroes of a literary text are revealed; 3) the method of researching the personality in the context of culture, which determines the components of which the image described by the realist writer consists of. It mainly analyzes the character’s speech behavior through which ethno-cul￾tural peculiarities are determined. The scheme of studying literary texts, aimed at revealing the ethno-cul￾tural information of the source text at the stage of the pre-translation analysis is proposed.The topicality of this research is determined by the need for improving the quality of translated works and elimination of errors in the translation of ethno-cultural elements that arise due to insufficient knowledge of extralinguistic factors. As an example, the literary originality of the style of A. Nurpeisov, the classic of Kazakh literature is considered and the writer’s trilogy «Blood and Sweat» is analyzed.

International Legal Regulation and Problems of Domestic Legal Regulation of Linguistic Legal Relations

The article contains an analytical review of international legal documents regulating linguistic legal relations in the world and the problems of their legal regulation in Russia. The question of socio-political importance of the language policy of the state in a globalizing world is also investigated. Attention is drawn to the lack of proper legal regulation of linguistic legal relations in modern Russia, which was the fundamental reason for the announcement of 2019 - the Year of languages of the Russian Federation. The main attention is paid to those activities that need to be developed at the present time, taking into account the new organizational and legal opportunities associated with the creation of a new Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.It is concluded that the main means of achieving an optimal balance between language groups in terms of linguistic security is the development of bilingual education on the basis of a well-developed system of legislation that provides a clear and understandable mechanism of legal regulation of linguistic legal relations. The improvement of the system of teaching the Russian language in the educational institutions of the republics that are part of Russia should be carried out exclusively taking into account regional and ethno-cultural peculiarities.

The Mode of Mortal Consciousness in 19th-Century Russian Poetry: Genesis and Ethnocultural Peculiarities

This article considers the genesis of death-related themes and the formation of the mode of mortal consciousness in the individual practice of modern Russian poets. The phenomenon of mortal consciousness, along with the understanding of the existential tragedy of man as a mortal being, emphasises special forms of overcoming the tragic state. The author substantiates the three most widely used concepts of immortality found in the works of Russian poets: 1) the concept of social immortality, dating back to Horace’s Exegi monumentum aere perennius…; 2) the concept of poetic immortality, based on the mythological topos of Elysium (originating in the works of Batyushkov and Zhukovsky); and 3) the concept of personalistic (existential) immortality. It is proved that, unlike the first two, the third concept of immortality is deeply personal and individually variable by nature, directly connected with the mode of mortal consciousness. Referring to the methods of contemporary ethnopoetics and contemporary historical and intertextual analysis, the author compares works by Derzhavin, Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Boratynsky, and Lermontov with non-Russian sources (Jung, Gray, Shakespeare, Chenier, and Byron), which makes it possible to reveal the evolution of foreign influences in Russian space and clarify the nature of the national reception of precedent texts as a result of ethnocultural factors. The most significant determinants of national culture are death, sleep, and love for a deceased lover. The texts of the Russian poetic tradition, considered in terms of ethnocultural peculiarities, are combined into supertext unities comparable to receptive cycles. Such supertext unities may be limited to the work of one author, as is confirmed with reference to Lermontov’s poems May 16, 1830, Night I, Death, The Last House-Warming, Dead Man’s Love, Sleep, Alone I Set out on the Road… At the same time, such unities may go beyond the boundaries of an individual oeuvre and into an intertextual dialogue between contemporaries, i. e. Pushkin’s elegy Breathing Youthfully with Sweet Hope…, The Vanished Joy of My Crazy Years… and Boratynsky’s poem From Chenier, in their appeal to Shakespeare’s precedent texts (monologue To be or not to be…) and those by Chenier (Elegy XXXVI).

Ethnocultural peculiarities of political communication

Ethnocultural peculiarities of political communication

Правовой статус индейцев Канады: этнокультурные особенности

Правовой статус индейцев Канады: этнокультурные особенности

The ethno-cultural peculiarities of suicidal behavior in multinational Russia

IntroductionAccording to the data of 2015, suicide rate in Russia was 17.1 cases per 100,000 population. However, many aspects of the problem of suicidal behavior are not studied. This prevents the organization of the system of effective suicide prevention. In this regard, special attention deserves ethno-cultural factors, since they are essential to the moral and ethical attitude to the possibility of suicide and to potential willingness to formation of suicidal behavior.ObjectiveStudy of the rate of suicide among different nations of Russia.MethodsStatistical analysis of suicide rate in constituent entities of the Russian federation from 2010 to 2015.ResultsThe specificity of suicide situation in Russia is that suicide rates in different ethnic groups of the population has the distinction of reaching 21: from 2.8 per 100,000 in the Republic of North Ossetia to 59.7 per 100,000 in the Altai Republic. This is due to cultural peculiarities of different ethnic groups, including the historically established their relationship to suicide. Taking in consideration these factors were elaborated the differential programs for suicide prevention. That has allowed to lower suicidal rate in Russia in 1.4 times for the last 5 years. That indicates the possible beneficial effects of the ethno-cultural approach in suicide prevention strategies.ConclusionIn planning programs suicide prevention in multinational countries should take into account the ethno-cultural characteristics of the residing peoples.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

Этническая идентификация у женщин, состоящих в межэтническом браке

The article describes inter-ethnic marriage phenomena as a consequence of complex ethnic interrelation, which is characterized of both ethnic communities’ integration and ethnoses’ differentiation. It is considered these problems in women who are in inter-ethnic marriage. The main models of developing ethnic self-comprehension and ethnocultural peculiarities are presented. Historical and theoretical aspects of interethnic marriages research are described. It was substantiated the research issue, described basic terms and presented main ethnopsychological models of interethnic family. The article draws our attention to psychological phenomena, which are appeared as a result of making choice in marriage by ethnic character. Five types of interethnic marriages are described. It was described phenomenology of ethnocultural identity in whole and its role in interethnic marriages, including women who are in these marriages. It is shown that women in these marriages have to change views for other cultural traditions and at the same time live in two or several systems of ethno-national coordinates. In addition to above it is observed specific transformation of woman’s ethnic culture and risks for developing her children’s ethnocultural identity.

KRISTIJONAS DONELAITIS IR PETTERIS DASSAS – LIETUVIŲ IR NORVEGŲ POEZIJOS PRADININKAI (anglų kalba)

This paper aims to identify links between “The Seasons” and Scandinavian poetry. Contemporary connections are hardly demonstrable, but a striking older parallel is Petter Dass’ epic poem “Nordlands Trompet” (The Trumpet of Nordland, 1678–1696, published posthumously in 1739), the most important pre-romantic literary work in Norway. In many ways its position is parallel to Donelaitis’ “Seasons”: both poems mark the beginning of modern literature in Norway and Lithuania, respectively – emonstrating the literary potential of the poets’ mother tongues and paving the way for the national literature of future generations.Conspicuous are also “The Trumpet’s” numerous parallels with “The Seasons”in moods and motifs, modelled by common aesthetic taste and literary modes. “The Trumpet” is a versified topographical encomium in anapaestic meters. Just like “The Seasons”, Petter Dass’ poem describes everyday life, natural and commercial conditions. It is a thematic description of the Arctic part of Norway, its location, astronomical and meteorological conditions, birdlife, fish and whales, agriculture, market places, and ethno-cultural peculiarities, i.e. manners and modes of living among the Sami or Lapp people.“The Seasons” and “The Trumpet” are both major contributions to European literature, describing nature, living conditions and culture in relative proximity in ways that show their close affinity in spite of considerable differences of life and conditions in Baltic fields and forests and on Arctic seas and shores.

2604 – The ethnocultural peculiarities of suicides in russia

Introduction According to the data of 2011, Russia is among the ten countries in the world with the highest suicide rate - 21.4 cases per 100 000 population. However, many aspects of the problem of suicide are not studied. This prevents the organization of the system of effective suicide prevention. In this regard special attention deserve ethnocultural factors, since they are essential to the moral and ethical attitude to the possibility of suicide and to potential willingness to formation of suicidal behavior. Objective Study of the rate of suicide among different nations of Russia. Methods Statistical analysis of suicide rate in the Russian Federation from 2005 to 2011. Results The specificity of suicide situation in Russia is that suicide rates in different ethnic groups of the population has the distinction of reaching 30: from 3 per 100,000 in the Republic of Dagestan to 89.8 per 100,000 in the Nenets Autonomous District. This is due to cultural peculiarities of different ethnic groups, including the historically established their relationship to suicide.Taking in consideration this factors were elaborated the differential programs for suicide prevention. That has allowed to lower suicidal rate in average in 1.5 times for the last 7 years. That indicates the possible beneficial effects of the ethnocultural approach in suicide prevention strategies. Conclusion In planning programs suicide prevention in multinational countries should take into account the ethnocultural characteristics of the residing peoples.

Czech and Ukrainian Communication Patterns: A Cross-Cultural Research

Abstract This paper is the first attempt to compare Czech and Ukrainian communication patterns by means of questionnaires, interviews, introspection and participant observation. The two Slavic nations’ linguistic etiquette is studied in conjunction with their underlying cultural patterns, related to the dimensions of collectivism, individualism, universalism, and particularism. In the focus of the research lie numerous cross-language commonalities, as well as ethnocultural peculiarities of verbal and non-verbal routine formulas.

The social role of alcohol in Russian culture

The year 1995 marks the tenth anniversary of the beginning of perestroika in Russia. The country has paid with its health for all the social, economic and political reforms. The chronic state of social stress, which is already in its tenth year, has led to a sharp growth in alcoholism and drug addiction, an increasing prevalence of neurosis and psychosomatic diseases and an increase in the death rate and decrease in the birth rate. This is the degeneration of the Russian nation. Alcohol stimulates and alcoholism indicates the process of self‐destruction of the population. Unfortunately, there are no accurate statistics on alcohol consumption and problems in Russia today, as there is no state monopoly on alcohol production and sale and no common drug treatment service for the whole country. According to generalized estimates from epidemiological investigations, the average prevalence of alcoholism is 200–250 per 1000 adults, but this differs significantly in different professional groups: 10% of the workers in the nuclear energy industry suffer from alcoholism, 35% of the sailors, 22% of the workers in the machine‐tool industry and 42% of the people working in the woodworking industry. There is one woman alcoholic for each 5 men. On average, only 1 of every 7 alcoholics seeks medical and social aid. The main cause of alcoholism is alcoholism itself ‐its uncontrolled and expanding reproduction. The investigation of alcoholism is being intensively removed from the clinical to the social sphere. It can be explained by understanding the role of social and psychological factors in the origin and development of alcoholism and the harsh socio‐economic consequences and moral damage. The appearance of a new class of specialists ‐ social workers ‐ in Russia in 1991 was predetermined by these factors. The main objective of social workers is to fight social diseases and alcoholism in particular as the most terrible social disease of the Russian Federation. The history and place of alcohol in modern Russian culture, the stages and forms of the development of alcoholism and its ethnocultural peculiarities in different social strata of the population are described in this article. The reasons for and consequences of alcoholism are systematized, and the principles and directions of the activity of the social services in dealing with the treatment of alcoholism and rehabilitation of the diseased are defined.