Ethnicity In Indonesia Research Articles

DOMINASI KELOMPOK ETNIS TIONGHOA PADA BIDANG EKONOMI DI INDONESIA TAHUN 1986-2000

The purpose of this study is to describe the background of the domination of Chinese ethnicity in the economic sector in Indonesia in 1986-2000. To describe the development of Chinese ethnic economic domination in Indonesia in 1986-2000. To analyze the impact of the domination of Chinese ethnic groups on the economic sector on the Indonesian economy in 1986-2000. This research method using heuristict, library study, and data inteprtation method. This research was conducted at the UM Metro library by examining the literature on the economic dominance of Chinese Ethnics in Indonesia through source criticism. The results of this study indicate that the presence of Chinese people in Indonesia in trading indirectly affects the economic situation of the Indonesian nation. Chinese people have high persistence and struggle in running the economy. This made the Chinese economy dominate the indigenous economy. As an example in various regions of Indonesia, the majority of large companies are controlled by the Chinese, especially the assets owned and many Chinese have invested inIndonesian companies. In addition, Chinese trade is also very dominant, it can be seen that large scale traders are dominated by Chinese people, such as jewelry traders, building shops, and electronics stores.

Adequate Vitamin A Levels with Stunting Adolescents of Minangkabau Ethnicity in Indonesia: A Case-Control Study

Background: Stunting is a type of linear growth condition. The release of growth hormone in long bones can be hampered by a lack of micronutrients such as vitamin A. This study was performed to determine adequate vitamin a levels with stunting adolescents of Minangkabau ethnicity in Indonesia.
 Methods: A case-control study was used in this study. This study was undertaken at several senior high schools in Padang, Indonesia. Stunting adolescents aged 16 to 18 years of Minangkabau ethnicity were included in the study. Adolescents with stunting were in the case group, whereas those who did not have stunting were in the control group. The age and sex of the cases and controls were matched. There were 42 cases and 42 controls in the research. Vitamin A measurement used SQ-FFQ. The Independent sample T test and the Chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Statistical significance was defined as a two-tailed p-value < 0.05. GraphPad Prism 7.00 program was used to gather and analyze data.
 Conclusion: Our research found that stunted adolescent of the Minangkabau ethnic group in Indonesia have low vitamin A levels.

Mapping of Betawi indigenous knowledge in collections at the Setu Babakan Museum

Betawi has philosophical values, belief systems, customs, principles of living in society and harmony with nature. This cultural diversity is proof that Betawi has unique knowledge. Examples of Betawi cultural products are stored in the Setu Babakan Museum. It has the most complete collection of Betawi ethnicity in Indonesia. These collections store the variety of their indigenous knowledge. This study aims to find out what kinds of Betawi indigenous knowledge are stored in the collections. This study uses a qualitative design with a museum studies approach to explore the social realities contained in artifacts. The data collection method is direct observation to the museum and gallery analysis. We examined the collections one by one then took photos of the collections that represented indigenous knowledge of Betawi. We analyzed documents (museum collections), texts on artifact labels, literature, and websites. The results of this analysis are presented in a narrative. The results show that behind the collections there is indigenous knowledge of the Betawi people on how to make batik, food, drinks, clay potteries, bamboo crafts, and weapons. Other indigenous knowledge is about the supernatural, carving arts, bridal costumes, wedding supplies, martial arts, and rhymes.

The Phenomenon of Strong Rootted Negative Sentiments Against Chinese Ethnics in Indonesia

Despite the fact that ethnic Chinese have lived in Indonesia for a very long period, particularly from the time of Dutch colonialism there, they have continued to experience discrimination and bad attitudes in their daily lives. This study aims to describe the phenomenon of prejudice against people of Chinese ancestry in Indonesia, explain the traits of Indonesians that contribute to prejudice against people of Chinese ancestry, and identify the social and political effects of the strong prejudice against people of Chinese ancestry that exists in Indonesia. The findings of this study, which used a constructivist methodology from international relations and qualitative research techniques, suggest that the failure of Indonesians to forge a strong collective identity is what leads to the escalation of prejudice against ethnic Chinese in that country. The outcome also demonstrates that the gradual treatment of Chinese ethnic minorities as equals after Indonesian independence highlights the urgent necessity for the government to act as an agent capable of altering social structures and fostering a sense of unity

The early detection of type 1 diabetes mellitus and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) through rapid test reverse-flow immunochromatography for glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 kDa (GAD65)

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and costly disease that has become a primary concern worldwide. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is categorized as an autoimmune disease, which results in islet cell apoptosis and insulin-dependent. GAD65 is known as a potential marker of impaired pancreatic β cell function that appears in the initial phase of type 1 DM and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). This study aimed to develop a novel rapid test of anti-GAD65 autoantibodies in human serum samples. MethodsWe have developed a rapid test for anti-GAD65 autoantibodies in this assay based on the reverse-flow immunochromatography method. Human recombinant-protein antigen for GAD65 was attached as the control line over the nitrocellulose membrane. On the other side, the goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) was coated on the same membrane as a control line. The positive result for GAD65 was confirmed by a colloidal gold signal on the strip. Our novel assay analyzed 276 healthy subjects and 51 type 1 diabetes individuals serum samples from several ethnicities in Indonesia for this study. ResultsAmong the 276 healthy samples, 225 samples were identified as positive for anti-GAD65 autoantibodies, while 51 samples were negative. Interestingly, the positive results for anti-GAD65 autoantibodies were linear to the decreasing of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and inversely associated with triglyceride levels. A significant correlation with age was observed in all groups. The sensitivity and specificity test proved that this kit has higher accuracy (AUC value = 0.960). ConclusionThe significant advantages of our rapid test for anti-GAD65 autoantibodies provide higher sensitivity, specificity, and stability compared to previous commercial kits. Therefore, it could be proposed as the future clinical diagnostic kit for patient management of type 1 DM.

Nilai-Nilai Kepribadian Oei Tjoe Tat Sebagai Nasionalis Etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia

This research is entitled "Oei Tjoe Tat's Personality Values ​​as a Chinese Ethnic Nationalist in Indonesia". The author focuses on a theme of personality analysis of the character Oei Tjoe Tat who holds idealism based on the ideals so that Indonesia becomes a place to unite all levels of society by not giving treatment that distingu is hes between ethnicity, nation, religion and race and up holds justice and fosters a sense of kinship in every community. An individual self. This study aims to describe and get a detailed and detailed picture regarding the position of the Chinese ethnicity in Indonesia which has become an inseparable part of the Indonesian nation itself. In this article, the author uses the historical research method with a literature study approach. As for what can be drawn from a conclusion in this study that during colonialism many ethnic Chinese communities participated in the world of the national movement. They have a considerable role in the independence of Indonesia. Likewise, after independence, many ethnic Chinese communities participated in the wheels of government, including Oei Tjoe Tat who became one of the big names among the political elite during the Soekarno government and what he had contributed should also be used as an example and role model in fighting for national ideals

ROHINGYA REFUGEES IN INDONESIA: THE DYNAMICS OF STATELESSNESS AND THE VIEWS OF LOCAL PEOPLE

Rohingya refugees who are experiencing a crisis due to the genocide in Myanmar have attracted international attention. The existence of the Rohinghya as an ethno-religious minority group was officially discriminated against which led to forced expulsion by the Myanmar government in 1982 with the issuance of the citizenship law which stated that Rohingya citizenship was denied or not recognized as one of the official ethnicities in Myanmar. So, the Rohingya were forced to flee their country to other countries, including Indonesia. This paper aims to determine the dynamics of Rohingya Muslims while in Indonesia. Using qualitative research methods by conducting observations, interviews and data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the Rohingya ethnicity in Indonesia as stateless (without citizenship) undergoes a process of acculturation, marriage with local Indonesian citizens (WNI), and developing survival strategies because some have lived in Indonesia for more than eight years. In conclusion, the Rohingya ethnicity while in Indonesia experienced conditions of uncertainty in their lives because they did not have citizenship status and hoped to be sent to a third country by UNHCR. Indonesian people accept Rohingya Muslims to stay in Indonesia temporarily because there is a common Islamic identity and in the name of humanity.

PLANT COLLECTION IN BOGOR BOTANICAL GARDEN AS A SOURCE OF FUNCTIONAL FOOD

Plant collection in Bogor Botanical Garden (BBG) has various potentials, one of which is as a food source. However, not all food produced from plants can be claimed as functional foods. This study analyses the potential of plants kept in the collections of BBG as functional foods and medicine sources with nutritional and health values. Literature studies have been carried out related to nutrition value and active substances owned by these plants, while data related to health claim was based on the results of ethnobotany studies, especially the use of medicinal plants by 28 ethnics in Indonesia. The results suggest 168 species of the BBG collection which can be claimed as a source of functional food which can be categorized into seven main categories. Among these plants are species classified as threatened or endangered such as Mangifera casturi, Vanilla planifolia, Pterocarpus indicus, Borassus flabellifer, Cycas rumphii, Dillenia philippinensis, and Litchi chinensis. 
 Key words: BBG, functional food, threatened species

Risk factor of metabolic syndrome in Javanese population based on determinants of anthropometry and metabolic measurement

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is high worldwide which it can increase the risk of some diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus even mortality. The prevalence pattern and determinants of MetS risk factors might differ among ethnics in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the anthropometry and metabolic measurements determinants to predict the MetS prevalence of the Javanese population in Yogyakarta. It was a case control study conducted from December 2018 to March 2019 involving 214 Javanese subjects aged 20-74 years resided in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. NCEP ATP III criteria were used to identify MetS as case and not diagnosed with MetS as control. The results showed that BMI, WC, BP, total cholesterol and HDL-C were significantly different between MetS and non MetS patients (p 5 by 9.54 time. In conclusion, WHtR is a better marker for MetS prediction independently. However, the WHtR in combination with WC and total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio are better for MetS prediction in the Javanese population.

Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Bacteria Profile in Healthy People and People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are two genera of gram-positive bacteria that are widely used as probiotic products to improve the composition of the intestinal microbiota but until now the difference in the number of these bacteria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy people in Asia remains unclear. This study conducted a systematic review to analyze the differences in the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bacteria in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy people in Asia. The results showed that the number of Lactobacillus bacteria was higher in patients with type 2 diabetics than in healthy people. The number of Bifidobacterium bacteria in patients with type 2 diabetes tended to be lower than in healthy people, although there was some literature stating that there was no difference in the number of Bifidobacterium bacteria in patients with type 2 diabetes and in healthy people. Further research on the profile of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bacteria per type (species) specifically in people with type 2 diabetes and healthy people of various ethnicities in Indonesia is needed to identify dysbiosis in people with type 2 diabetes and determine specific microbiota therapy for people with type 2 diabetes.

The Determinants of Life Insurance Ownership

Life insurance ownership has been known as one of alternatives to mitigate the financial risk of a household. Several ethnicities in Indonesia are exposed to financial risk in terms of premature death of family members because there exists cultural traits expenditures. This paper examines the decision to own life insurance among Batak nese in Medan. The determinants of life insurance ownership observed in this study include socioeconomic and demographic factors. Data was analysed using Logit regression of 185 questionnaires after adjustments from 200 responses. The results show that the Batak ethnic in Medan owned personal life insurance because it was driven by the number of credit card limits, age, number of social gathering clan, education, residence ownership status, and bequest motives. Meanwhile, Saur matua life insurance (cultural traits) ownership is driven by factors in the order of the first child in the family, the number of brothers, life expectancy, and the condition of receiving inheritance from parents. Batak nese own life insurance affected by socioeconomic and demographic factors. This research can provide opportunities for the life insurance industry if it wants to add new features of life insurance products that are specific to ethnic groups with similar cultural heritage patterns. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v25i1.5112

Overview of Tuberculosis among Children of Madurese Ethnicity in East Java, Indonesia

ABSTRACT This study aimed to find the characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) in children among the Madurese ethnicity in Indonesia. A descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach was used. The study used Indonesian TB scoring on 23 Madurese children consisting of 16 children with active TB and 7 healthy control children. Data was analysed with SPSS software and Pearson’s test. The findings showed that children who contacted adults with TB active associated with the incident of active TB (OR=64 (3.83-2623.17)). A positive result of the tuberculin test was experienced in active TB participants (OR=136 (5.58-20266.2)). While weight or nutritional status has a good category (OR=0.31 (0.03-3.07) and children with TB active indicated the symptom of cough more than 3 weeks (OR=7 (0.60-185.21)). Those who had swollen lymph nodes were in an active TB group (OR=128 (5.22-19130.8)), as well as had a chest X-ray suggestive of TB (OR= 0.02 (0-0.26)).

Community beliefs toward causes of illness: cross cultural studies in Tolotang and Ammatoa Ethnics in Indonesia

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare community beliefs regarding causes of illness and preventive actions of two minority ethnic groups in Indonesia. MethodA qualitative design with an ethnographic and phenomenological approach with a total of 18 participants. ResultThe Ammatoa Kajang and Towani Tolotang do believe that many factors determine health status. Both ethnics keep the faith that fail to follow tribe's rules and disobedience to their customs and values inherited from their ancestors will affect their health. The most significant similarity is the way they respect their community leader and traditions. Although both ethnics believe that disease caused by evil spirits, they have a different perspective on disease prevention. While Ammatoa Kajang emphasis more on adherence to Ammatoa's instructions, Towani Tolotang perceives that they should maintain good relations and perform self-control. ConclusionThere is a need to develop health policies and programs for indigenous community without compromising preserved cultural values.

Being Chinese Christian in the Totok Chinese Churches in Surabaya: Continuity and Change of Identities

This article explores the identities of Chinese Christians in the totok Chinese churches in Surabaya. The Chinese Christians refer to those who arrived in Surabaya from mainland China as Protestant Christians in the 1900s. They established the first Chinese church - the Tiong Hoa Kie Tok Kauw Hwee (THKTKH) in Surabaya. The THKTKH has become two independent synods, namely Gereja Kristus Tuhan (GKT, or the Church of Christ the Lord) and Gereja Kristen Abdiel (GKA, or the Abdiel Christian Church). The totok Chinese churches refer to churches that conduct the church services in the Chinese language or Mandarin (Guoyu). The article examines the culture, language, and origin of the Chinese Christians. After almost a century in Surabaya, there is some continuity and change of the Chinese Christian identity. They still regard themselves as totok, but the meaning of totok has changed. They embrace not only Chinese culture; but also mixed Chinese culture with Western culture and Indonesian culture, which results in the so-called hybrid culture. Mandarin is used in church services, whereas Indonesian language and English are also employed. The originality of the congregations is no longer mono-ethnic, which is Chinese. The Chinese churches have become multi-ethnic churches consisting of various ethnicities in Indonesia.

Stress and anxiety among late adulthood in Indonesia during COVID-19 outbreak

This study analyzes the condition of stress and anxiety in late adulthood in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic based on demographics. The research used quantitative methods with an online survey by survey monkey program involved 669 respondents based on twelve ethnicities in Indonesia. The data of this research analysis by the Rasch analysis model. The results showed generally experienced stress and anxiety in the moderate category although some respondents also experienced stress and anxiety in mild and severe categories, and only a small proportion was in the normal category. The need for continued treatment requires counselors, psychologists, and other relevant therapists.

THE RELEVANCE OF AL MU'ASHARAH MANUSCRIPT TO THE MILLENNIAL GENERATION OF JAVA, SUNDA, AND MINANG ETHNIC IN SPOUSE SELECTION

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the perception of the millennials of Javanese, Sundanese, and Minang in choosing a spouse, arranged marriage, and forced marriage based on a West Sumatra’s ancient manuscript, al Mu'āsharah by Sheikh Abdul Laṭīf Shakūr. 
 Methodology: This research is a quantitative study using a questionnaire as a method and instrument. Based on the variables contained in the manuscript, a closed statement questionnaire was compiled and responded by 111 respondents using purposive sampling. SPSS was used for data analysis and results formulation.
 Main Findings: The results show that the female’s millennials still adhere to noble values ​​in determining future husbands such as taqwa and good character, good health, broad-minded, and wise. The difference of opinion between the groups lies in the appearance of the prospective husband and the pleasure in receiving gifts. Meanwhile, the male’s millennials also want a future wife who has good morals, comes from a good family, and has a beautiful face. The differences of opinion of the groups are in the age and status variables of the prospective wife. In terms of arranged marriages and forced marriages, all refused to be married to people they unknown, even though the parents are the ones who forced them. They choose ta’aruf as a method of introducing a spouse before marriage.
 Implications/Applications: The findings of this research can be helpful for readers in understanding the phenomena of marriages in Islam and characteristics prefer while choosing a spouse.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: The number of sites and online matchmaking accounts both Muslim and non-Muslim has an influence on Indonesian Muslims who have diverse tribes. Dating selection is not only based on pleasure through the appearance and profile displayed online, but the in-depth search is required. This study has highlighted matchmaking preferences in Javanese culture and also analyzed aspects of Islam based on the work of scholars then compare it with other ethnicities in Indonesia.

Cultural Diversity in the Use of Action Verbs in Indonesian Senior High School English e-Textbooks: A Qualitative Content Analysis

Having a purpose of providing all Indonesian students with cheap but qualified textbooks, the e-textbooks should be culturally inclusive, which are able to make the students engage with the texts, and later be motivated to learn. Ena (2013) and Wulandari (2019) found cultural biases in English e-textbooks for senior high schools in Indonesia, which could demotivate students from certain cultural groups, which were underrepresented or represented unfairly. Thus, aiming to elaborate to what extent diversity is represented in the action verbs of the e-textbooks studied, qualitative content analysis was chosen for this study. The reseachers were the main instruments, followed by categorizations and interraters. The results showed there was ethnicity bias. There was no Melanesian animal subjects using action verbs at all in all the e-textbooks and Melanesian human subjects never dominated any e-textbook, while Foreign subjects, who in reality are less in number than the Melanesian, dominated the e-textbook for grade X. Since there was ethnicity bias in the e-textbooks, all the parties involved in the creation of the e-textbooks should either vary the writer team’s ethnicities or vary the texts’ cultural settings and make them in line with the population rank of ethnicities in Indonesia.

Interjection Bah! in Batak Toba: A natural semantic metalanguage approach

Interjection is the word used to show spontaneous expression. Batak language has a specific emotive interjection Bah! which is different from other interjections in the language. The objectives of this study are to find the meanings of interjection Bah! and to classify the elements of feelings of this interjection. This is a descriptive qualitative study employing the semantic explication method of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach. The data was collected from the interjection Bah! in a Batak Toba short story entitled Mangongkal Holi. The data were obtained by the attentive observation method and tapping technique. The methods used for data analysis were the distribution and contextual method. The results of this study showed that there are five meanings of the interjection Bah! They are astonishment, disappointment, confusion, surprise, and amazement. Meanwhile, those meanings express two elements of feelings, which are the positive feeling element (i.e. surprise and amazement), and the negative feeling element (i.e. astonishment, disappointment, and confusion). The revelation of the various meanings of Bah! is expected to provide richer understanding on its use in communication, and to further avoid miscommunication between different ethnics in Indonesia which each has their own mother tongue.

Pengalaman ibu nifas terhadap budaya dalam perawatan masa nifas

The influence of culture to the status of public health could not be ignored, health is an integral part of the culture. Ethnographic research results in health the year 2012 at 12 ethnics in Indonesia show the maternal and child health issues related to health culture is very concern. The purpose of this research is to know the experience of maternal childbirth to culture in the care period of parturition. This research was qualitative research with case studies. In-depth interview data collection methods (in-depth interview). Snowball sampling techniques. Participants in this research were the mother of the parturition is the working relic of clinics Paste. The number of participants that is used in this study is as much as 7 participants. The results of this research obtained 3 themes, namely, the knowledge of the participants towards parturition period care, Influence the culture of the community, treatments against the time of parturition, and family support in the treatment period of parturition.

The impact of language and phenotype in classifications of ethnicity

ABSTRACT This paper examines how ethnic Chinese Indonesian college students from West Kalimantan classified others’ ethnic identity by drawing on perceptions of language and phenotype. Several studies have demonstrated the undeniable effect of phenotype on an individual’s perception of their own and others’ ethnic identit(ies). Additionally, numerous studies have highlighted the role of language in constructing and interpreting ethnic identity. However, until now, there have been no studies assessing the relationship between the perceptions of language and phenotype when making judgements on an individual’s ethnicity in Indonesia. Indonesia plays host to a large number of different ethnic groups, amongst whom, the ethnic Chinese are considered the most politically and socially controversial. The current study examines data from two sets of semi-structured interviews conducted with 24 Chinese Indonesian college students. The results showed that ethnic classifications were more likely to be language driven when participants perceived a binary correlation between language and ethnicity. However, when participants did not perceive an exclusive indexical relationship between language and ethnicity, phenotype was more significant in racial classifications.